Dissertation for Master Degree (M.A)
Abstract
Language is a social institution, which means that people of a community have connected its elements in order to know each other's intentions and intentions and to communicate with each other. In this treatise, firstly, the introduction of the language and the way of entering foreign words are mentioned, then in the fourth part, the criticism and examination of these words in the Persian prose and prose of the period of literature after the revolution is discussed, and it is written in a descriptive and analytical way, and finally, a conclusion is drawn from the information obtained.
and in any communication system, the ideal is to transmit the most information at the lowest cost. It is a social phenomenon that undergoes changes over time. The most important of this development can be seen in the words section of the language, which changes the meaning of some words with the passage of time, and in the course of this change, sometimes foreign words from different languages ??of the world, such as English, Italian, French, etc. It has been imported into the Persian language that these imported words cause the authority of the ancient Persian language to become weak and degraded due to the invasion of the Bikangan culture. The factors that cause the invasion of foreign words in the Persian language are two phenomena of borrowing and linguistic borrowing. In all languages, there are factors that prevent word formation, one of them is very extensive borrowing from different languages, which can be one of the reasons for the language's weakness. Borrowing occurs when a language community confronts another language community that has prestige and cultural dominance. In such a situation, if borrowing takes place to such an extent that the word-making apparatus of the inferior language gradually loses its efficiency, the inferior language may be exposed to destruction. Sometimes this phenomenon leads to the death of the language. Sometimes, in order to fill the lexical gaps of a language, they borrow words from other languages ??and enter their spoken language. This borrowing from a language, they borrow from other languages ??and enter their spoken language. This linguistic borrowing means transferring some linguistic elements of words from one language. It is in another language. And in other words, each language, if necessary, may borrow some linguistic elements from other languages ??and make them available to its speakers. Language is not only the most important means of human communication, but also the basis of most other social institutions. Social changes are proportional to the needs of the society. Language is a mirror that can reflect the structure of the society of its time. This is because the problems and issues of the past periods and the ambiguities related to history become clear and obvious with the help of the letters left from the language.
Key words: language, foreign words, borrowing, order.
Introduction
Language does not have a single and fixed form because it is a social thing and in human societies it is used as a means to solve the need of the members of the society to communicate with each other and understand and understand each other and as we know every society is constantly undergoing and It is transformation and it changes as a result of the change and transformation of its foundations such as politics, religion, customs, professions and jobs, means of living and the like. Therefore, any change and transformation that occurs in the society necessarily changes the needs of that society, and this transformation inevitably has a significant effect and interference in the change and transformation of the language..
According to him, just as the history describes the history of different peoples and nations and the past events on them at different times, the history of a language also specifies the changes and transformations of that language over time and during the duration of that language, and it is helped by the historical studies of each language. that it is possible to know the changes and evolutions of that language in different historical periods and to obtain the rules and laws governing and overseeing those evolutions.
When it comes to Persian, some people are reminded of the Achaemenid dynasty and the ancient Persian language. Of course, it is true that we find the roots of many words used today in ancient Persian. But the language died centuries before Islam, and we know that during the Seleucid era, even the Greek language penetrated our country and it was the official language for a long time, and naturally it left many traces and injuries in our ancient culture and civilization. It was during the Parthian period that the modification of Persian from the Greek language was introduced and the Middle Persian language was formed and officially lasted until the end of the Sasanian period. The Pahlavi language, which is the source of many of today's words, is one of the Middle Persian languages. With the Iranians' acceptance of Islam and the interest they showed in the Qur'an, the Qur'an, i.e. Arabic, became widely popular in Iran, and many of the books written after the acceptance of Islam were written in Arabic. Even an Iranian scientist like Aburihan Biruni is proud that he wrote almost all of his works, except for one, in Arabic!
Chapter One
General research
Statement of the problem
In this treatise Comprehensive and documented information about foreign words in literature after the Islamic revolution was collected, so it was decided to write a comprehensive and complete treatise in this field by studying various internet sites and extensive research in literary texts, so that this action can be the first step in the search for foreign words in Persian language. On the other hand, it is possible to give the necessary courage to officials and other people to try not to use foreign words in the Persian language, and to encourage the efforts of the young generation to consciously and zealously protect this valuable heritage. Spiritual means to add Persian language. Importance and necessity of research The purpose of writing this treatise was to be able to write a comprehensive and complete treatise in the field of foreign words in the literature of the post-revolutionary period. Therefore, it was necessary to compile a treatise that could prevent the entry of foreign words into the Persian language, in order to preserve and enrich the literature, to prevent the entry of foreign words into the language and literature.
Different eras, historical periods of vocabulary in the Persian language, the reasons for the entry of foreign words into the Persian language, the damages of the Persian language along with the literary styles have been discussed and investigated. Finally, a sample of the poems of the poets and the works of the writers of the post-Islamic period have been analyzed and investigated.
Research objectives
General objectives:
- To be able to criticize and analyze the foreign words that entered the Persian language and literature. "Useful"
Partial objectives:
- To be able to criticize and analyze the way foreign words that entered the Persian language from French. "Useful"
- In general, foreign words that have invaded Persian language and literature can be identified, criticized and analyzed. "Usage"
research hypotheses
It seems that the foreign words that entered the Persian language can be criticized and investigated.