Examining the word love and its dependents in Diwan Saeb Tabrizi

Dissertation:

In order to receive a master's degree in Persian language and literature

Abstract

In the upcoming thesis, love and its associates in Diwan Saeb Tabrizi, a renowned poet of the Indian style, have been examined. For this reason, first, the verses in which the word love was directly present were extracted from the Divan of the poet. Then, the concepts of love found in some verses were collected. Then, after classification, they were deduced. Undoubtedly, the study of the concept of love in the court of Saeb Tabrizi, who is one of the most prolific poets of Persian literature, has a special need. For this reason, the author devoted himself to such research. It is clear that the results obtained from this research can help to better understand and receive Saeb's poems on the one hand and better awareness of the various concepts of love on the other hand.  

Key words: Indian style, poetry, Saeb Tabrizi, real and virtual love

Introduction

In Persian literature, there are many words to express the concept of love, some of which have existed since ancient times. In the texts of Avesta and in the Gathas, Mehrodusti is mentioned many times, and there are also surviving texts from the Middle Persian language. Words like Aghashe which can be seen in Rudaki's poems. Mehr, Eshgh, Agasheh, Chiftagi, Ishkai, Deladdagh, Mania, and Soda are all words that are used or used for the phenomenon of love in Iran. In Nazm texts, a part of Shahnameh stories or military poems of Ganjavi and Khajovi Kermani, Ayyoghi, Jami, Vahesh Bafghi, Ahli Shirazi and others. They have told love stories. Many poets have investigated the nature of love, in a separate state from the attributes of Sophia. Like Hafez, Saadi, Baba Taher and Rudaki, who have romantic and poignant sonnets and quatrains, and have investigated the nature and effectiveness of love.

The mystics in Sufi literature, who knew the way to reach God in purity and love, in order to achieve this goal and separate from the world, they nurtured their innate interest in God and reached a state of absorption in the right path that It was called divine love. Countless poems have been written on this subject, in which the beloved was God. Abu Saeed Abul Khair, Attar, Sanai, Maulvi and.  Poets are from this category. Some of the court eulogist poets have used many romantic expressions and similes in describing their praisers. Anuri, Elemari, Asjedi, and Farrokhi Sistani are also from this group.

Love is a boundless sea, a subject that whatever I say about it will be insignificant and insignificant. As Maulvi says:

Whatever I say is to describe and express love / When I come to love, I will be ashamed of it (Molvi, 1383:71).

Most poets have defined love as excessive and intense affection and attachment. "Some have divided love into real and virtual love, they believe that since love is based on perfection, then the true lover will be absolute perfection; But in the course of love, in the arc of descent and ascent, naturally love also has levels and degrees; Lovers and mistresses will also be different, and love for each creature will manifest itself according to the perfection of that creature.  Since every perfection is incomplete compared to the perfection above itself, love will belong to the higher order in every order, and since the highest order of perfection is the perfection of the Prophet of Truth, then the true lover is the essence of the Prophet of Truth, and true love will be love for his essence, and the rest of the loves and lovers will be presented in a figurative and intermediary form. (Zarin Koob, 1388:93).

The concept of love in Persian poetry and literature has been more or less researched among different poets, and various researchers and writers have studied and researched about it, and from different perspectives, the concept of love in poets' poems has been studied and researched in many poetic styles. Among the different styles of Persian poetry, it can be said that the Indian style and poets This style has always paid special attention to the concept of love as an important component and used this word in their poems.Therefore, love in the Indian style and the poems of this style of Persian literature has had a special appearance, and on this basis and considering that Saeb Tabrizi is one of the most famous poets of the Indian style, the researcher of this thesis aims to investigate the concept of love in the poems of this great poet and extract the meanings and characteristics he wants in this regard.

Statement of the problem:

One ??of the most important components in the poems of different poets is the element of love. In different poetic styles, the category of love has been examined from different perspectives. Indian style is no exception to this rule. Poets such as Saeb Tabrizi, Bidel Dehlavi, Kalim Kashani, Mohtsham and others. Love has always been considered as an issue worthy of attention. Meanwhile, Saeb Tabrizi has examined love with his special perspective, along with other belongings, and the researcher seeks to search and extract Saeb's desired characteristics in this thesis. style="direction: rtl;">A lot has been said about Saeb Tabrizi's life, thought and style. His Divan has been corrected many times and excerpts have been made from it. His beliefs, beliefs and fancies have been collected in separate notebooks and many writers and poets have repeatedly explained his poems and have taken great pains to introduce the advice, wisdom, irony and proverbs of his poems, but so far, few have analyzed the concept of love in his great court. Of course, in some articles, the concept of love from Saeb's point of view has been looked at; However, not much work has been done to have the entire divan of this great poet been examined and analyzed in this regard; Therefore, conducting such research can be important in creating a deep and scientific look at Diwan and his poems and the type of view and thought of this great poet, about love and its related concepts. It has been done by researchers and writers. We can safely say that there are many scientific articles and sources in this regard, each of which has investigated the concept of love in the poems of different poets with different poetic and literary styles. Such as the analytical study of intellect and love in the poems of Rumi by Muhammad Reza Nasr Isfahani. Old books such as Ibn Sina's treatise on love, the translation of the treatise of Qashiriyyah, and the biography of Ahmad Ghazali's lovers, which have expressed the many concepts of love, but unfortunately, regarding the subject of this research, the concept of love in Diwan Saeb, as far as it is evident to the author by searching on various sites and books in numerous libraries; So far, no research has been done on Darkhuri. Of course, in some articles, books, and doctoral dissertations, references have been made to the subject of love from Saeb's point of view, citing some of his poems. But there is no independent research based on the analysis of the entire divan of this great poet.

What meanings and themes did the word love have?

1-6- Assumptions:

It is possible that the meanings and themes derived from the word love in Saeb's court are unprecedented in some cases in other poetic works.

It seems that the word love and its affiliates in Saeb's Diwan have the highest frequency among all the mystical words and terms used by the poet.

It is possible that the word love has multiple uses in Saeb's poetry.