Investigation of tricks and tricks in Samak Ayar

Dissertation for Master's Degree

Persian Language and Literature Department

Abstract

Fictional literature is said to be a prose narrative whose extraordinary events prevail over reality. A story is a part of human thought and imagination, which is narrated in a different way in every nation, and the literary type of story has a long history in our literature and forms a part of our literature. Among others, we can mention folk tales, which are the most attractive and popular among the general public. Samak Ayar was written by Faramarz bin Khodadad bin Abdullah al-Katib al-Arjani in the 6th century and is one of the oldest folk tales. One of the most important elements in all stories, and especially in this work, is the trickery and trickery done by the characters, which adds to the charm and educativeness of the stories. This thesis examines the types of tricks and tricks and the goals and characters of the tricksters in this work (Samak Ayar). In this work, all kinds of tricks and tricks, including tricks, non-tricks, war, magic, non-magic, architecture, and miscellaneous, and their goals include reaching the beloved, position, saving one's life and others. . . And the characters who do tricks and tricks were identified in three general groups: courtiers, courtiers, and sorcerers.

Keywords: fiction, story, trickery, Samak Ayar, Farmarzban Khodad bin Abdullah al-Kateb al-Arjani.

Chapter One

Overview of the research

Introduction to the research

Fictional literature in a comprehensive sense is any narrative whose fictional aspect overcomes its real beauty. it will be It includes romance, novel, short story and short story. One of the types of fiction is story. A story literally means a story. In general, a story is written in prose or verse that emphasizes amazing and unusual events. Most of the stories were told orally and had a simple and fluent prose and were understandable to the common people, and if there was someone among the people who had little literacy, he would remember these stories. Therefore, the old stories have been given the word folk. The stories are mixed with scheming, and the scheming in each story, in addition to making the story attractive, encourages the reader to read the work. All the stories consist of two big groups, good and evil, and each group used scheming to win over the other. Therefore, it can be said that the cunning and cunning is an inseparable part of the stories. The story of Samak Ayar can be mentioned among the stories that cannot be formed without cunning. The author of Samak Ayar tried not to deviate from the facts and explained the details of the events with brevity and brevity, but he could not avoid the events of creation and unusual characters, magic and magic. The prose of this story is simple and flowing, and even after a long time has passed, it is still popular among the public. Stories are heralds of justice and truth, and they reveal the wishes of good-natured and well-wishing people, and expose the evil fate of evildoers. Samak Ayart was authored by Farmarz bin Khodadad bin Abdullah al-Katib al-Arjani, who considers Sadaqah bin Abi al-Qasim to be the original narrator of the story. Samak Aiyar is the prominent character of this work and is part of the Aiyaran group, and the Aiyarans were a group of people who were smart, brave, bold and fearless, and to achieve their goals, in addition to the Aiyari qualities, they used various tricks. According to the mentioned materials, in this thesis, the investigation of the existing tricks and their goals, and in general the characters of those who do tricks and tricks. This thesis consists of five chapters.

The second chapter: The theoretical foundations of the research including: the definition of Makruheela and Makruheela in the Qur'an, the definition of fiction and its types including romance, novel, short story, short story and the history of the story, the characteristics of folktales, character and its types including static and dynamic character, the literal and idiomatic meaning of Ayari, the history of Ayari in Iran and the style of Ayari, which includes secrecy, truthfulness, help Survivors, chastity, sacrifice, lack of need, friend, friend and enemy of enemy, brother of reading and sister of reading, are the oath of friends.

The third chapter: includes a summary of the story of Samak Ayar, introduction of the versions of the work, the importance of the work, biography of the author, writing style and narrative type of the work.

Chapter four: which is the main part of this thesis, examines the makr In the story of Samak, its types, the purposes of makruhila are discussed, and in the last step, the characters who perform makruhila are discussed.

Chapter five: includes conclusions and suggestions.

In the next chapter, the frequency chart of makruhila types and the list of sources used in the thesis text and English abstract are included.

The main source of the research work, Samak Ayar authored by Faramarz bin Khodadad bin Abdullah al-Kateb al-Arjani, with the efforts of Dr. Parviz Natal Khanlari, the proofreading and the introduction written on it were published in five volumes. In this research, the first volume of the 1347 edition - the second volume of the 1348 edition - the third volume of the Turkish translation of the 1348 edition - the fourth volume of the 1363 edition were used.

Abbreviated letters (SA, AS) were used instead of Samak Ayaar for quotations, and to avoid repetition, the name of the book was avoided. Then, instead of the name of the book, book cover, year of publication, and page numbers, a space is placed between them to indicate two pages, and then the parentheses are closed. in this way (Ibid., 1347, Volume 37:1). (Dehkhoda, 1341: subtext).

Makar: "to seduce, to deceive and to paint red flowers". (Nazem al-Atbaa, 2535, vol. 5: the following word).

Makar, in the term of the science of ethics, means looking for hidden ways to annoy people.

In lexicography, the word makar is synonymous with words such as kid and trick, which share the meaning of secrecy.

However Cunning and scheming is apparently a bad thing. But in front of oppressors and criminals, it is considered a kind of cleverness. Makar and Haileh are mentioned forty times in the Quran.

Makar and Haileh in a story make it interesting and long, and it motivates the reader to read the end of the story or story, and it is widely used in literary texts. The name of the author and compiler of the current version is Faramarz bin Khodabin Abdullah al-Katib al-Arjani, who himself has introduced the original narrator of the story in many cases as Sadaqa bin Abi al-Qasim, which has been published with the introduction and corrections of Parviz Khanlari. The time of writing the original story and collecting and editing this narrative is not known. But in the main text there are poems by poets of the 5th and 6th centuries, and verses by Saadi are included in the second and third volumes, and specific Turkish names such as Samaroq, Qazal Malik are mentioned in the text of this book, which does not indicate the date of compilation of this story before the end of the Seljuk period (552-429 AH).

Samak Ayar is important in several ways.

The first is that this story is a precious treasure of words, terms, images, and story expressions.

Second is that Samak Ayar is the largest text that has survived from the sixth century and is full of beautiful images of the political, social, and cultural conditions of that era. For this reason, Samak Ayar is a unique example.

The main hero and outstanding character of this story is Samak Ayar. Ayars have been a strong-hearted, wise and fighting group that support the oppressed and fight against the oppressors has been their slogan and they have tried to learn the way of manhood through careful education and hardships and serving the young men and the elderly, and to cultivate their own moral virtues, courage, forgiveness, loyalty, keeping secrets, sacrifice to satisfy the needs of friends, ambition and idealism. to bring Ayarans, whom Iranians also call young men, were responsible for outstanding works and effective interventions in the history of Iran and other countries.