The influence of Quran and hadith in Diwan Jamal al-Din Muhammad bin Abd al-Razzaq Isfahani

Master thesis in the field of Persian language and literature

Abstract

Quran, hadith and literature are closely related. From the middle of the 3rd century of Hijri, when Persian poetry began to be written, little by little and over time, religious ideas, Quran and Hadith also influenced poetry, so that in the following centuries, people like Sana'i, their poetry was mixed with Quran and mysticism. Jamal al-Din Esfahani can be mentioned as a pioneer of the Sana'i style. Although not much has been discussed about him, his poetry is full of the influence of Quran and Hadith. Jamal al-Din was more influenced by the Qur'an than by the hadiths. The most influences can be seen in his poems. Religious beliefs surge in his poems. He has used methods of influence, mostly adaptation and hint, and in some cases, solution and guarantee. The frequency of Jamal's poems is about the attributes of God, the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), his ascension, other divine prophets, the Day of Judgment, sustenance and sustenance and several other topics. The subject of this treatise is the influence of Quran and Hadith in Divan Jamal al-Din, which has been examined and organized in five chapters: The first chapter includes generalities and definitions that include; Description and statement of the problem, necessity and importance of the subject, research objectives, application of research results, research background, research questions and description of the research method have been discussed. The second chapter with the title; The life, works and times of the poet are arranged. The third chapter includes; Background and methods of influence of Quran and Hadith in Persian literature. The fourth chapter, which includes the main part of the treatise, includes: a content analysis of the impact of the Qur'an and Hadith on Jamal al-Din's poetry, which includes topics such as monotheism, the attributes of God, the attributes of the Prophet of Islam and his ascension, other divine prophets, the Day of Judgment, and other topics. The fifth chapter is dedicated to the various topics that the poet has discussed. The most important issue that can be seen in the teacher's court is the great influence of the Quran in his poems, where the poet has influenced his religious and religious issues in his poems. As you will read in Jamal's thoughts, he is a Muslim and bound to the religion of Islam, although he also praises people in his poems. Most of the master's poems are praises, which are exaggerated in some cases. Divan of Jamal al-Din Isfahani is one of the most important books of religious poems, which is a mirror of the entire society of the era of the poet, and it is considered one of the most valuable literary-religious works of Iranian society in the sixth century. rtl;">Introduction

Poetry is the product of human taste. Not all people have the talent to compose it. The most beautiful feelings are expressed through poetry. Sometimes a verse has a meaning as large as a book. There are so many scientists who, in addition to science and knowledge, also mastered the art of poetry, which adds to the beauty and richness of poetry by these people. Seyyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi says: There is a peculiar quality and taste in some people, which is the quality of poetry and that taste is the taste of poetry. The companions of this Qariha sometimes bring novel meanings to the world and invent new ideas that amaze people's minds (Asadabadi, 1358: 156). Ever since the revelation of the Holy Quran, polite friends and poets had a special look at this divine book to the extent that they used it to bless and beautify their poetry and writing. In addition to this huge book, they were not indifferent to hadith. Qur'an and Hadith were two valuable sources that greatly influenced poetry and poets. The prosperity of the Arabic language throughout the Islamic world, especially in Iran, expanded day by day, which was due to the revelation of the Qur'an in that language. The Quran is full of rhetorical and artistic points that attract every poet and artist. The use of Quran and Hadith in poets' poetry, in addition to being a sign of their knowledge and intellectualism, was also considered a kind of honor for the poet. Due to the sanctity and sanctity of the Quran and Hadith, their use also gave sanctity and sanctity to the poet's poetry, and the poet's speech was viewed with respect by the people who read these poems. From the middle of the third century of the Hijri, the Qur'an and the hadith influenced literature, especially poetry, which gained a significant shine in the fifth century and reached its peak in the sixth to eighth centuries.In the past ages, Iranian writers who were trained in schools and madrasas first learned the Quran and memorized it. This learning and memorization of the Qur'an made it penetrate directly and indirectly into the works of the poet or writer. This effectiveness is guaranteed, hinted, adapted, solved and so on. was appearing As mentioned, many poets have used Quran and hadith in their poetry, one of these poets is Jamaluddin Esfahani. Jamal al-Din, a powerful poet of the 6th century, did not lag behind this group and embellished his poems with verses and hadiths. Jamal al-Din's masterpiece is his famous composition, which is written in the description of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). This couplet shows the utmost devotion of the poet's heart towards the Prophet of Islam. Dr. Seyyed Mohammad Damadi wrote a book with the title; Commentary on the composition of Jamal al-Din Esfahani, which is a rich and valuable book for scholars and literary friends, which no one has written like it. This composition is full of verses and hadiths that describe the personality of the Prophet of Islam. Jamal al-Din used the Quran more in his poems and this effectiveness can be seen more in his poems. The poet has used adaptation, guarantee, hint and solution in influencing the Qur'an and Hadith. During the era of the poet, mysticism was prevalent and famous mystics lived, including: Ain al-Qadat Hamdani, Sanai Ghaznavi, Ahmad Jami, Abdul Qadir Gilani and Sheikh Rozbahan Bagli Shirazi, most importantly, Sanai Ghaznavi who was both a poet and a mystic. "The famous poet Sanai Ghaznavi. His poems have deep mysticism. Molavi describes his sayings in Masnavi. It is in the past in the first half of the sixth century" (Motahari, 1367: 126). "One of the sciences that was born and developed in the lap of Islamic culture is the science of mysticism. Mystics have an important difference with other Islamic cultural classes such as commentators, hadith scholars, jurists, theologians, philosophers, writers, and poets, and that is that in addition to being a cultural class, they created a science called mysticism, and great scientists emerged among them and wrote important books. (Ibid.: 83). Jamal al-Din grew up next to such mystics and in such a place, and this cohabitation and contemporaneity has had a great impact on the thoughts and poetry of that precious master. Although Jamal al-Din was not a perfect mystic, it seems that he has no less status than the mystics. Because his poems prove this. Various topics can be seen in his poems, including; The attributes of God, the attributes of the Prophet of Islam and his ascension, other divine prophets, the Day of Judgment and other topics. Divan Jamal al-Din is one of the most valuable books of religious poetry of the 6th century Hijri, which reflects the conditions of its century. In order to carry out this treatise, Divan Poet is the basis of the work, and the research has been examined and organized in five chapters: The first chapter includes generalities and definitions that include; Description and expression of the problem, necessity and importance of the subject, research objectives, application of research results, research background, research questions and description of the research method have been discussed. The second chapter with the title; The life, works and times of the poet are arranged. The third chapter includes; Background and methods of influence of Quran and Hadith in Persian literature. The fourth chapter, which includes the main part of the treatise, includes: a content analysis of the impact of the Qur'an and Hadith on Jamal al-Din's poetry, which includes topics such as monotheism, the attributes of God, the attributes of the Prophet of Islam and his ascension, other divine prophets, the Day of Judgment, and other topics. The fifth chapter with the title of other topics is dedicated to the various topics addressed by the poet. The author's source for referring to Jamal al-Din's verses is his Diwan book, edited and introduced by Vahid Dastgardi, whose verses in this treatise are written in today's standard prose. To refer to Divan Jamal's verses, respectively; Page number and bit number are mentioned. For example: (152/2) means page 152, second verse. Rumi's poems are also based on; The book number and verse number are mentioned, and in the case of other poets, only the page number is given. The reference of Quranic verses is also in the form (name of surah (number of surah), number of verse). It is hoped that this research will be useful in knowing more about Jamal al-Din Isfahani and his era, as well as the influence of the Qur'an and Hadith in the poet's poetry as a literary-religious work, and will be accepted and used by friends of politeness.