Examining the relationship between the intellectual and linguistic model of Forough Farrokhzad's poetry

Dissertation to receive a master's degree

Field: Persian language and literature

Abstract

Experiences and awareness are the reason for loading the language with certain directions. In this thesis, we want to show the context of explaining and understanding his mental feelings, which are expressions of external experiences in the language of his poetry, through the language of Forough Farrokhzad's collection of poems, and we have done this by looking at the discourse types and lexical choices in his poems, which is a diagram of his intellectual biography according to the periods of his poetry. Our assumption is that through the space of Forough's poetry collection, it is possible to define three periods of poetry for him. To achieve this purpose, firstly we have shown how the meta-linguistic contexts that influence his mind and thought develop and develop, then we have searched and described the social roots and psychological functioning of Forough's mind, and finally, we have analyzed his poetry by emphasizing the role of the system of linguistic signs in mediating individual and social processes. The result is that; Language and content in Forough's poetry is a creative social process resulting from a specific socio-cultural context, not the result of a set of words. And the rhetoric used in creating the meaning of his poetry is derived from a communication system, and the main component that creates the advancement of this rhetoric is due to the natural ambiguity present in any interactive situation. The usage patterns of speech and discourse, like other methods and cultural and behavioral routines of a society, indicate a special concept or mentality that may be used consciously or unconsciously. It means a series of language behaviors that are used in a specific textual context to express a person's communication position to the work of the language or to create a special communication position for him.

Key words: Forough Farrokhzad, poetry, individual feelings, social and cultural context, love

Introduction

Poetry as art is from life. It boils and basically everything that expresses beauty like poetry and has the power to beautify and trim, originates from the results of life. From this, every poet and artist describes life and its dimensions based on their experiences, feelings and environment.

In Iranian literature, there is silence in several areas, one of which is worldly love and physical issues of love, in women's poetry. Among the famous contemporary poets of Iran, "Forugh Farrokhzad" is one of the poets who, during his short life, was able to enter this field and break down the wall of silence. Before him, those who had stepped in this valley did not manage to express their inner feelings as much as he did. In fact, "Nima Yoshij" and Nimai's attitude gave women the opportunity to bravely search for themselves, society and the world and talk about love, loneliness, fear and emotions that had a feminine form because throughout the thousand-year history of Persian poetry, the contribution of women compared to men has been almost insignificant. Sepehri" is one of the pioneers of Persian poetry.

While his poems are a mirror of his sensual world and personal life and are rooted in his culture, they go beyond the scope of individual experiences and his poetic expression springs from a world beyond local memories and social realities. Looking at Forough's works, his influence on contemporary Iranian literature is undeniable. By expressing "individual emotions" in the collections "Asir", "Dewar" and "Rebellion", he turned it into "social emotion" in the collection "Toledi Diger" and enriched the form and content of his poems, and with his last collection "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season", he was able to establish his position in contemporary Iranian poetry. It may not be an exaggeration if we say that one of the sides of contemporary literature is women's literature, the gap in which is obvious in classical literature, and Forough Farrokhzad was the one who compensated for this deficiency in contemporary Iranian literature. It is with certain orientations.

It is an attempt to show through the language of Forough Farrokhzad's collection of poems the context of explaining and understanding his mental feelings which are manifestations of external experiences in the language of his poetry. And let's find out how the discourse of types and lexical choices in Forough's poems appear according to the periods of his poetry, which is a diagram of his intellectual biography?

We are on the assumption that Forough's poetry can be divided into three periods: the first period includes three collections of captivity, wall and rebellion, the second period is another birth, and the third period, let's believe in the beginning of the cold season.

In order to realize this purpose, first by examining and explaining, we show how the meta-linguistic contexts affecting the mind and its thinking develop and develop, then we search and describe the social roots and psychological functioning of Forough's mind, and finally, we analyze Forough's poetry by emphasizing the role of linguistic signs in mediating individual and social processes. The meaning of developmental explanation in simple words is that, to understand social and psychological processes, their origin must be traced. For example, the formative explanation of the meaning of the word (smile) in the course of individual development shows the function of the speech part. We are of the opinion that the language and content in Forough's poetry is a creative social process resulting from a specific socio-cultural context, not the result of a set of words and rhetoric used to create the meaning of Forough's poetry, it is derived from a communication system. And the main component that creates the means of advancing this rhetoric is due to the natural ambiguity in every interactive situation.

Patterns of using speech and discourse, like other methods and cultural and behavioral routines of a society, indicate a special concept or mentality that may be used consciously or unconsciously, that is, a string of linguistic behaviors that are used to receive a specific text to express the communication position of the person using the language or the situation. It created a special connection for him.

These mental behaviors are the result of consciousness or a special mental presence that we will try to explain in this treatise, that is, we want to see what kind of consciousness and mental presence is the language and speech of Forough's poetry? Also, in every work, upon the first encounter, differences and distinctions in the poet's behavior and linguistic performance with others attract the attention of the reader, and we are looking for it to find out what social experience this distinction and difference is caused by? And what kind of knowledge does it convey to the reader?

The breathing of each poet and writer in his cultural-historical context and his particular social tradition affects his worldview and builds the theoretical foundations of his knowledge and thought, therefore his language acquires a special meaning, and it is our effort to understand the cultural-historical context and social tradition that has made the language of his poetry so cold and frozen.

Research questions

1. What kind of awareness and mental presence is the discourse of Forough's poetry?

2. The linguistic difference in the discourse of Forough's poetry is caused by what social experience and what knowledge does it convey to the reader? It will help students and scholars in their research.

1-5-Research Background

A lot of work has been done about Forough's works, especially the last two collections (another birthday - let's believe in the beginning of the cold season) in the form of books and articles. These works were either in the context of his practical myths or feminism, or about the music of the word, as well as dealing with a certain literary industry in his poems and its effect on his poetry, which in many cases had a comparative form and compared him with other people (Emily Dickinson, Sylvia Plath, Sohrab Sepehri, Ahmed Shamlou, etc.). And if the aspect of language or thought in his poems has been discussed, it has not been by looking at all of his works, and in this treatise we are trying to address the importance and impact of Forough's language and thought in all of his works.