Dissertation for receiving the degree of master of Persian language and literature "M.A."
Abstract
Persian and English languages ??are both Indo-European and mixed languages. The meaning of combination is that you can use the words of the language to join each other, or add prefixes and suffixes to them to express new meanings and concepts, thus creating thousands of new words with new meanings. A word can sometimes be combined several times. For example, the word "Khard" can be used to make "Khardorz", "Khardorzi" and "Khardorzane".
Compound words in Persian language can be divided into two general categories in terms of construction type: non-present and present.
"Compound present noun" refers to those compound words in which one part is a derivative of a verb and is used as a noun. take The construction patterns of this type of names in both Persian and English languages ??are the subject of this thesis. In addition, from the semantic point of view, the category of whether they are nuclear or not has been discussed and the power of the language has been shown for this type of word formation.
About one hundred and sixty current compound nouns in the Persian language and one hundred compound nouns in the English language have been researched.
Since the continuity, growth and dynamism of a language continues as long as there is fertility in it and "Combination" is one of the things that helps a lot in the generation and creation of new words in the language, the study of different combinations in the language has been and is of interest. The present compound noun in Persian and English is one of the most important and productive combinations, which is compared in this treatise by bringing a list of this type of nouns in both languages, and finally, many similarities were found in these types of compounds in the two languages.
Language is the most extensive and the most convenient means of communication between humans. This tool, which is a regular and regular system, has another feature, which is speech and phonetics. It seems that the most prominent feature of language is its regularity and regularity in speech and writing
All linguists agree on the fact that the ability of language to create new sentences is limitless and they know that a person is able to express everything in his mind in the form of words through this feature of language. Considering that no human being has memorized the sentences he utters in advance, the question arises as to how he is able to do this? The answer is that language is a phenomenon with rules and a person's unconscious adherence to its rules allows him to create infinite sentences.
Noam Chamksy expresses this point as follows:
"A person who knows a language has actually learned a system of rules, a system that connects words and meaning in a special way." (Chomsky, 1972, p. 29) Grammar in the most general sense is recognition, description and explanation of these rules. Linguistics and grammar are branches of knowledge that deal with recognizing and examining the facts and rules governing language. Grammar is a part of linguistics that discusses the phonetic, morphological and syntactic structure and meaning of language. Of course, some consider grammar to include phonetics, syntax and semantics. The grammarians who describe and analyze the grammatical structure of the language based on linguistics, consider grammar, structure and structure as a part of phonetics. (Mashkwah al-Dini, 1377)
However, since grammar examines the rules that govern the language, it must know all the building components, and in this sense, it has three main parts:
phonetics, morphology and syntax.
Research about each element of the language in a separate way makes learning and teaching grammar better, more practical and more accurate.The noun part is one of the most important topics in grammar and grammar.
Compound nouns are made through a process called compounding.
Compounding is often defined as:
"making a word by joining (usually) two independent words. (Katamba, 1993, p.264, Baer, ??2009 p.243).
There is no doubt that there are many compound words in Persian and English Sixty current compound nouns in Persian language and one hundred current compound nouns in English language are investigated and researched. style="direction: rtl;">In this treatise, an attempt has been made to present a definition of the present compound noun, how it is constructed and the constructive patterns of these nouns, in two languages, Persian and English, and compared. This research is based on the study of the available sources about composition in the language and compound nouns in general and then the study of the current compound nouns in the two mentioned languages ??in particular. For this purpose, about one hundred and sixty current compound nouns in Persian language and one hundred current compound nouns in English language have been selected. The aim of this research is to find the similarities and differences of these types of compounds in the two languages.
The importance and necessity of the research:
Obviously, one can speak without knowing the grammar of the language, but learning and teaching the language has many advantages, including helping to stabilize the language, avoiding errors and slips in speech and writing, preventing irregular developments, helping word formation, better teaching the language to foreigners, Understanding past texts, establishing scientific, technical terms, etc.
Since word formation plays a big role in the immortality and dynamism of any language, familiarity with the composition and way of making compound nouns will help us in preserving our mother tongue and its evolution and dynamism. With a quick look at the sources of traditional and new grammar, it became clear that there has not been enough research on the current compound noun in Persian language and the need for new research is still felt. In this regard, it has been tried to systematically examine the way compound nouns are made in Farsi and English separately so that by comparing the two languages, an important step can be taken in the way of better teaching of both languages. Persian and English and made a comparison between these types of nouns in the two mentioned languages.
Partial objectives:
- To be able to recognize the patterns of construction of current compound nouns in Persian language.
- To be able to recognize the patterns of construction of current compound nouns in English.
- To be able to compare the patterns of these two languages. and analyzed.
Research hypotheses:
- It seems that the pattern of making current compound nouns in the Persian language can be checked.
- It seems that the pattern of making current compound nouns in the English language can be checked.
- It seems that it is possible to compare these patterns in two languages ??and reach some conclusions.
Key terms and concepts
Grammar: Grammar is the rules by which they learn to speak and write correctly (Panj Ostad Persian Grammar, 1366)
Grammar is a part of linguistics that discusses the phonetic, morphological and syntactic structure and meaning of language. Of course, some consider grammar to include phonetics, syntax and semantics.