Contents & References of Examining absurdity both in terms of structure and theme in the two plays "Caligula" by Albercamo and "The Train" by Tawfiq Al-Hakim.
List:
Title..Page
Presentation ..A
Evaluation ..B
Abstract .. 1
Chapter One: Drama and Theater
Introduction ..12
Statement of the problem ..12
The main research questions 13
Research hypotheses.14
Research objectives..15
Part 1-1: The play.16
1-1-2 The literal meaning of the play.17
1-1-3 The idiomatic meaning of the play.17
2-1 Part Two: The history of playwriting in the western degrees.18
1-2-1 BC.18
1-2-1-1 Aristophanes.19
1-2-1-2 Aeschylus.20
1-2-1-3 Sophcles.22
1-2-2 AD.23
1-2-2-1 William Shakespeare.25
1-2-3 Absurd Literature.29
1-2-3-1 Samuel Beckett.30
1-2-3-1-1 Waiting for Godot.30
1-2-3-2 Eugene UNESCO.31
1-3 Part Three: Play in the Arab World.34
1-3-1 Play in Egypt. 36
1-3-2 Modern drama in Yemen. 37
1-3-3 some Arab playwrights. 38
1-3-3-1 Ahmed Shoghi. 38
1-3-3-2 Mohammad Taimur. 41
1-4 Table of the most famous playwrights in the world. 46
Chapter Two: Introduction Schools of Nihilism, Absurdism and Existentialism
2-1 Part I: Nihilism 53
2-1-1 Introduction ..53
2-1-2 The literal meaning of nihilism 54
2-1-3 The term meaning of nihilism 54
2-1-4 Types of nihilism 54. 2-1-5 The relationship of the West with nihilism. 55. 2-1-5-1. Greco-Roman cosmocentric negativity. 56. 2-1-5-2. The hidden and quasi-legalism of the Middle Ages. 57. 2-1-5-3. Double and modern humanistic negativity. 59. 2-1-5-4 The commonalities of nihilism. 59 2-1-6 The relationship between nihilism and atheism 2-1-7 Nihilistic and non-nihilist formative thoughts 61 2-1-7-1 The philosophy of optimism 62 2-1-7-2 The philosophy of pessimism 63
2-1-7-3 The middle group.64
2-1-8 The philosophy of emptiness and the reasons for its tendency.64
2-1-8-1 The mystery of creation.65
2-1-8-2 The secret of death.
2-1-8-3 Doubt.
2-1-8-4 Matter 68
2-1-8-5 failure in targeting. 69
2-2 Part Two: Absurdism.
2-2-4 elements present in the theater of the absurd.74
2-2-5 The style of the theater of the absurd.75
2-3 Part three: Existentialism.79
2-3-1 Introduction..79
2-3-2 The literal and idiomatic meaning of existentialism.80
2-3-3 The Beginning of Existentialism 80
2-3-4 Existentialist Views 81
2-3-5 of Self-Alienation and Self-Deception 85
Chapter Three: Albert Camus and Tawfiq Al-Hakim
3-1 Part One: Albert Camus 87
3-1-1 Biography and Works. 87
3-1-2 Nobel Literary Prize. 92
3-1-3 Works of Camus.
3-2 Part Two: Tawfiq Al-Hakim. 97
3-2-1 Biography. 97
3-2-2 Tawfiq Al-Hakim and Plays. 100
3-2-3 Works of Tawfiq Al-Hakim. 110
Chapter Four: Examining examples of nihilism and absurdism in the play Caligula and the Train
4-1 Introduction ..114
4-2 Summary of the play Caligula 116
4-3 Summary of the play Train 120
4-4 Structural review of the plays Caligula and Train. 122
4-4-1 Character in the play Caligula. 122
4-4-2 Character in the play Train. 131
4-4-3 Language of the play. 136
4-4-4 Character. 137
4-4-4-1 Definition of character. 137
4-4-4-2 characters in the play Caligula. 140
4-4-4-3 characters in the play Train. 141
4-4-4-4 main, opposite, secondary and antagonist in the play "Caligula". 142
4-4-4-5 main character, opposite, secondary and opposite in the play "Train". 142
4-4-5 time and place in two plays. 144
4-4-6 theme or theme. 145
4-4-6-1 meaning of the theme. 145
4-4-6-2 theme and moral conclusion. 145
4-4-6-3 play of Caligula and the theme of nihilism. 146
4-4-6-4 train play and the theme of absurdism. 153
4-5 Alienation.159
8-4 The contrast between the world of matter and meaning. 161
4-9 Career and gender. 161
4-10 The transformation of humans into objects. 163
4-11 Defamiliarization, a step in reaching Azrodism. 163
Results. 168
Al-Malakhs. 172
English summary. 173
List of sources and sources. 175
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