Analyzing and investigating the types of personality and the ways of characterizing in the story collection Cheragh Akher

Abstract

The short story is one of the types of prose fiction literature, and personality and characterization are one of its important and effective components. The superiority of many story writers is due to the better treatment of characters. Sadegh Chubek is one of the prominent writers who has been ranked among the great contemporary story writers with his innovation in fiction literature. The collection of stories "The Last Light" is one of the works of this creative contemporary writer, which includes eight short stories and designs that the author has tried to deal with the social issues and problems of the lower classes of society with an unbiased view in new and distinctive ways. In this thesis, after mentioning the generalities and theoretical foundations, the author introduced Chubak and his works, and based on the element of personality and characterization based on the three assumptions - that all the main characters are static and are introduced to the reader both directly and indirectly, and the effects of the author's thoughts due to his sensitivity and detail-oriented presentation of the facts can be clearly seen - after examining and analyzing the work, the last light to this It has been concluded that all the main characters of this collection of stories are not static in terms of interactions and because the events and events of the story have caused a fundamental transformation on some of these prominent characters, they are considered dynamic characters. Also, the way of processing the characters is sometimes direct and in most cases indirect, the influence of the author's thoughts and ideas on the body of fictional characters of this collection is evident.

Key words:

short story, character, characterization, the last light of Chubak.

Research introduction

Short story of various types Fiction literature is considered to have a special place in most countries of the world in the current century, and in Iran, in 1300, the first collection of short stories by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh appeared. After Jamalzadeh, due to the change of writers' view of social phenomena and concepts, the short story achieved a significant position and dignity. One of the most famous and influential short story writers in contemporary literature is Sadegh Chobak, he is considered one of the founders of modern literature in Iran, Chobak with his language, style and thought, detailed descriptions, and the images of artists he left behind in the field of story writing, today he is among the most successful writers with ideas. He decided to examine the story of his last light in terms of personality types and characterization methods and choose it as the subject of his thesis. Many of Sadegh Chobak's works, including Chirag Akher, have been analyzed and criticized from various aspects due to their artistic value and unique characteristics. Powerful writers such as Abdul Ali Dastghib ??in his book criticizing Chobak's works, Brahini in his book of short stories, Abdini in his book Hundred Years of Storytelling, as well as the collections collected by Ali Dehbashi called Yad Chobak, have analyzed and reviewed his works, but there are independent books or articles about the types of personality. And the way of characterizing the collection of Cheragh Akher stories has not been seen and no author has dealt with it in detail, and in all the existing articles and works, various elements of the story, including the character, have been addressed to some extent. In any case, it is hoped that the present results can be used by Persian language students and those interested in the works of this contemporary author in the future, even if only a little. This thesis is compiled in five chapters. After the first chapter, which is dedicated to generalities, the second chapter contains the theoretical foundations, which include proven definitions of fiction literature and its types, short stories, story elements, character and characterization, methods of characterization, and finally, the writer's general conclusion about each topic. Of course, the English equivalent of the words and terms is also given in the footnote.

The third chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the introduction of the author and his works. In this chapter, the biography of Chubak, the opinion of experts, the introduction of his written works, the translations of the author and the style of Chubak along with the definitions of important literary schools are discussed. It should be noted that the method of quoting material from different sources is both direct and indirect with accurate references within the text.In the fourth chapter, first the summaries of each story are given separately, and then based on the classification of characters and the way of characterizing, the analysis and investigation of the types of characters and the way of processing them is done, and at the end of each story, the author's inference and perception of the processing of the characters are expressed according to the thoughts and thoughts of the author. and in the fifth chapter, the results of the examination of the types of characters and the way of characterizing the stories of the Last Light collection are presented, which are actually the answers to the research questions and the proof or rejection of the research hypotheses. Also, this chapter includes proposals and tables that separately deal with the types of characters, and at the end, the list of sources used is mentioned. Along with the analysis and comments of the author, it has been used. 1-2 statement of the problem The character is one of the important elements in the story and the reflection of the author's ideas and thoughts. By creating living and real people from his surroundings and introducing them into his fictional world, the author tries to establish an effective, attractive and lasting relationship with his audience and somehow express his thoughts and ideas in the existence of his fictional characters. In fact, the characters of each story are the basis of that story, and if each story has the right and proper characterization, it will appear more real in the eyes of the reader. Characterization in short stories is done in different ways. Sometimes the characters are introduced to the reader through the narrator (omniscient) and sometimes the characters introduce themselves to the reader through their speech and behavior by being in different situations. Of course, the storyteller can use any of the methods or a combination of them.

Characters can be examined from different aspects. In terms of nature, in terms of interactions, in terms of application, in terms of extent and perfection, it was also divided into parts in terms of the role in the story.

In this research, the story of Cheragh Akher Sadegh Chubak, one of the creative and master contemporary writers, is analyzed and analyzed, and the author focuses on the types of characters and also the ways of characterizing this collection of stories, which includes 8 short stories and plots. Examine and analyze. It is hoped that the results of this research will add a small amount of information to the collection of findings and previous researches. 1-3 Research Questions This dissertation intends to provide an acceptable answer to the following questions, which are the foundation of the thesis: 1- What kind of characters are the prominent characters in the story of Cheragh Akhar? 2- How to introduce the characters of the story of Cheragh Akhar

3- To what extent have the author's ideas been influential in creating the characters of the story?

1-4 The importance and necessity of research

Extensive studies and researches were conducted on Chubak and his works due to his artistic values ??and unique features, but so far no comprehensive and independent research has been done on the types of personality and ways of characterizing the stories of Cheragh Akhir. Considering the importance of personality and the fact that the characters of the story are the executive element of the story and reflect the inner personality and thoughts of the author, in this thesis, we tried to address this important element of the story. Therefore, it seems necessary to carry out this research because it can be useful and open the way for those who are more interested in getting to know the said work.

1-5 Background of the research

The difference between Chubak's works in contemporary literature and his special and special style prompted many writers and researchers to criticize and analyze his works from different angles. However, regarding the topic of character types and the way of characterizing the story collection, the light of the end of the book or a specific article has not been seen, despite all this searching and running away and completely scattered in the articles and texts, little information can be seen about this issue. Among other things, we can refer to the book Yad Chobak by Ali Dehbashi's efforts, in which there is an article by Mohammad Ali Sepanlu titled "Kaftarbaz" story, which, in addition to examining the tone, point of view, content and other elements of the story, also discusses the characters of this story in a few lines.