Abstract
The social-political events that occurred in the contemporary history of Iran after the Second World War, was the beginning of the chapter that opened the foot of romanticism and then the footnote literature to the daily life of Iranians. The 14th century is one of the dynamic periods of Iranian literature, a literature whose approach is mostly social. The events that took place in the first few decades of the beginning of the 14th century in Iran provided the basis for the expansion of the novel and footnote writing.
In a short period of time, almost in the 40s and 50s, footnote writing practically dominated Iranian literature, and it was accompanied by the development of newspapers. Accept fighting as one of the entertainments. Therefore, footnote writing cannot be considered as a simple hobby, but it should be considered as a product of certain social conditions, which is one of the most important tools for understanding the society.
Since not many studies have been done in the field of footnotes, this thesis decided to: focus its study topic on footnote writing with an approach to Fahima Rahimi's book Window.
Footnotes were attractive stories that appeared in the margins of daily or weekly newspapers. And they were published serially. But the new literary schools and the entry of perspectives from outside literature into literature showed that these works can be studied in psychology, sociology, semiotics and linguistics. The most important subject of footnotes was romantic and police issues. Among the footnote writers, we can mention Fahima Rahimi. He was born in Tehran in 1331, and with approximately 30 works in this field, he is the record holder in the list of Iranian footnote writers in terms of print and sales.
Keywords: window, footnote writing, Fahima Rahimi, story, popular story
Chapter 1
Research Overview
1-1 Introduction
Literature is an element of the general culture of the society and is considered a part of the collective achievements of the people. The main material of literature is the word. Words carry a concept with which people communicate with each other in society.
When talking about literature, one should not only pay attention to valuable literature because popular literature also has a place to consider in the categories of literary types. Folk or oral literature has been effective in the formation of classical literature, because folk literature is the initial stage of the emergence of classical literature.
In the third world countries, especially in Iran, popular literature is not paid much attention, and what attracts the attention of most researchers and critics is classical literature. If by examining and paying attention to popular literature, literature can be examined from a sociological perspective.
"Each story, fable, parable, myth and other forms of folk literature always carries hidden social messages that preserve the mental relationship of people at one point in time (horizontal relationship) or successive generations (vertical relationship)" (Arshad, 2007: 6).
Each story and parable was created in a special historical period which expresses the special characteristics of that era. "Therefore, every text of folk literature remains a window that opens to a wide social world of meaning-making and understanding" (ibid.: 6).
The historical course of a nation is continuous and in folk literature, if the textual message is mixed with the historical realities of its time, it will be transferred to subsequent periods along with the passage of history and recreated in accordance with the period and time.
One of the popular manifestations of folk literature
The preparation of this thesis in 5 chapters is as follows:
The first chapter: with the title of general research, including: introduction, statement of the problem, research questions, importance and necessity of research, background, objectives, etc.
Chapter Two: In this chapter, the fundamental issues of this research, i.e.
1-2 statement of the problem
The political-social events that occurred in the contemporary history of Iran after the Second World War, was the beginning of the chapter that opened the foot of romanticism and then the footnote literature to the daily life of Iranians. The 14th century is one of the dynamic periods of Iranian literature. Literature whose approach is mostly social. The events that happened in the first few decades of the beginning of the 14th century in Iran provided the basis for the expansion of the novel and footnote writing, and this can be easily seen from the titles of the authors who adorn the history of contemporary Iranian literature.
In a short period of time, almost in the 40s and 50s, footnote writing practically dominated Iranian literature and it was accompanied by the development of newspapers. The success after the 1932 coup led many to accept reading as a way of struggle instead of fighting. Therefore, footnote writing cannot be considered as a simple hobby and a taffeta isolated from Iranian literature, but it should be considered as a product of special social conditions that arose as a result of a frustration and was a reaction to a current.
Since there have not been many studies in the field of footnotes and the range of works done is limited, this thesis decided to: focus its research topic on footnote writing according to the work of Fahima Rahimi.
Footnotes are literary works that are one of the most important tools for understanding the society, despite the simple and seemingly opaque design. Footnotes were fascinating stories that were published daily or weekly and serially in the margins of newspapers in the beginning of the forties, and many people read them only for their entertainment and excitement. But the new literary schools and the entry of perspectives from outside literature into literature showed that these works can be studied in psychology, sociology, semiotics and linguistics.
The most important topic of the footnotes was romantic and police issues. Among the footnote writers, we can mention Fahima Rahimi, who has written approximately 30 works in this field so far. He was born in Tehran in 1331 and is the record holder of the list of Iranian footnote writers in terms of print and sales.
It is also necessary to mention that one should not make a footnote - although it may be popular with the people - with folk stories such as Samak Ayar, Tales of a Thousand and One Nights, Sindbad Nameh and so on.
1-3 research questions
The research questions are:
1 How did the phenomenon of footnote writing start in Iran?
2 How can a footnote reach the peak of fame and power to attract masses of people?
3 What is the structure and position of Fahima Rahimi's novel Panjeri in the literature of footnote writing?
1-4 The importance and necessity of research
This research is new and significant in two aspects: one is in terms of the subject, i.e. the footnote, which is less used
and the second is in terms of perspective. Literature to literature that has become common in recent years. 1-5 Research background In terms of research background, it should be said that no independent book has been written yet in the field of footnote literature. Only in some books of contemporary fiction such as: Hundred Years of Iranian Fiction, a short chapter is dedicated to footnotes. Dr. Ali Taslimi has also made a passing reference to Iranian footnote writers in his book "Propositions in Contemporary Iranian Literature". Among these articles are: "Introduction to the Category of Footnote Writing in Iran" by Sadruddin Elahi, and "Descriptive, Analytical and Critical Review of Popular Iranian Novels" written by Dr. Ali Safaei and Kobri Mozafari.
"Love Potion" is another book in which Yusuf Alikhani talks to a number of footnote writers.
1-6 Research Objectives
This research By examining the socio-historical context of the emergence of the footnote and introducing one of the poets known as contemporary literature, he wants to give a psychological understanding of the footnote and the characteristics of this model and help the reader not to recognize it only for entertainment but to place it alongside serious literature. On the one hand, on the other hand, the emergence of a journalist who was looking for writing charms in order to attract his readers, caused the emergence of a form of literature that is called a footnote.