Introduction
Language is the carrier of cultural continuity and the most important means of communication between us and the past as well as the future, but the living language is affected by the passage of time and changes over time, and sometimes some of its old words and expressions are so abandoned that it is difficult or even impossible for the people of today to understand the meaning of the words of the past. It is at such times that the researcher of literature as the custodian of ancient treasures is responsible for finding the meaning of those words from different texts and making them available.
refer to different dictionaries and cultures one or more times, which makes this work very difficult and boring, and hence the need to compile a separate dictionary for this category of texts; It is much easier to refer to the specific dictionary of any text, which collects the meanings of words from various sources, than to repeatedly refer to different cultures.
The benefits of compiling a dedicated dictionary for ancient texts can be summarized in the following:
- The reader's familiarity with words, combinations and terms that the speaker or writer is familiar with and they has used in his works
- Better understanding of the meanings contained in the book with the help of the specific culture of that book
- Studying the impact of poets and writers in different periods
- Saving the time and life of the researchers and readers of a work by taking the help of the culture written for it
In recent years, researchers in the field of culture and literature have paid special attention to the lexicography of ancient texts, and numerous works have been compiled in this field, including the Shahnameh dictionary by Mustafa Shahabi, the glossary of Hafez's ghazals by Hossein Khadio Jam, the words and interpretations of Divan Khaqani written by Ziauddin Sajjadi, the Nawadar culture and the words and interpretations of Attar Neishaburi mentioned by Reza Ashrafzadeh and dictionary of words and interpretations of Masnavi by Seyyed Sadegh Goharin.
In this way, the present treatise, considering the poetic position of Athir Akshikti among the poets of the 6th century and the lack of a comprehensive culture for the divan of this poet, devoted himself to compiling a dictionary for his divan and due to the large volume of difficult words in this text, limited the work to the letters A to C.
Chapter One
1-1-Description and statement of the research problem
Athir Akhsikti was a famous poet in the late 6th century and rhetoricians compare him with Anuri and Khaghani has been compared and considered one of the first-rate ode writers. In spite of the fact that he has left behind a voluminous divan full of linguistic nuances and difficult scientific terms, he is not as well known as other ode writers of this century, and therefore not much work has been done on his divan and a correction has not been published, which also suffers from numerous shortcomings. In this way, it seems that the cultural compilation for this poet's divan is a step both to introduce Athir to literary students and researchers and to facilitate research on this rich text. Not much has been done about him and his Divan, and nothing has been done about the words and terms of Divan Athir.Seyed Ali Mirafazli, Encyclopaedia of Persian Language and Literature, 1384
A new perspective on Diwan Athiruddin Akshikti, Ahmadreza Yalmeha, Mirror of Heritage, 1388
Correction of some verses from Diwan Athir Akhsikti, Ahmadreza Yalmeha, Quarterly of Literary Research, 1388
1-3-Research Objectives
Athiruddin Akshikti's language in poetry is a difficult language and full of scientific and technical words and terms, as well as Arabic words, which made it difficult to understand the meaning of his poetry. He was involved in the various sciences of his age, including mathematics, wisdom, medicine, astrology, board, logic, jurisprudence, principles, and theology, and in order to expand his body in the field of complexity, he brought meanings and words from each of them in his poetry, which makes the work of a literary researcher face many obstacles to investigate his court and can cause the poet to remain unknown. Considering the abundance of Athir and his interactions with well-known poets such as Khaqani, Nizami Ganjavi, Rashid Watawat, Mujir Bilqani and Zaheer Faryabi and his influence in the odes of the late 6th century Hijri, remaining unknown of his value and his work will be a source of deficiency in literary knowledge and cause a disturbance in the correct understanding of the history of literature. Therefore, in this research, in order to facilitate research on the poems of this poet and to play a small role in preserving the literary heritage of the Persian language, we extracted the difficult words and terms of his poetry and by collecting their meanings from various dictionaries, we compiled a specialized culture for this work. Athir al-Din, there are many words and terms in it that today's Persian speakers are unaware of their meaning.
Ahsikti's extensive use of scientific terms and words has made his divan vocabulary more distant.
Akhsikti has used many Arabic words that are not very common in Persian with the desire to make things complicated
Akhsikti is one of the influential poets of the 6th century, and it is necessary to write research works about him.
1-5-Research method
The research method in this treatise is a library method, and to compile it, Divan Athiruddin Akshikti carefully studied and used words and terms. Its difficulty has been extracted and after alphabetical arrangement of these words, in order to extract their meaning, various dictionaries were referred to, including the Dehkhoda dictionary, and those meanings that corresponded to the meaning of the verse were selected and recorded. has published; Inevitably, this version became the basis of our work, although this correction has many distortions and corrections due to many reasons, including the fact that the corrector's original version is late and he does not have access to the previous version, and many verses have been recorded with many mistakes, omissions, ambiguity and obscurity. This caused problems in our work as well, and sometimes it can be recognized in the verses in the current research, and in some cases the meaning of the word in the verse that we have explained does not read with the whole verse. To fix this defect, we tried to correct the verse as much as possible. In these cases, the corrected form of the verse is given in the footer of the page. The number of the page and the number on the left is the number of the verse. Chapter 2: The life and conditions of Athiruddin Akshikti He is a Persian speaker of the late 6th century and one of the famous poets of Persian literature. In his poems, he called himself Athir and sometimes Ethirakhsikti (Forozanfar, 1350: 532). Athir started speaking in his hometown. With the attack of the Turks of Ghaz and the decline of the Sanjari government and the distress of Khorasan, which he himself refers to as the "horror of Khorasan" (Homayun Farrakh, 1337: 122), he left the eastern regions of Iran and turned to the western and northwestern regions of Iran. First, he joined the court of Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad bin Malik Shah Seljuqi (555 AH) in Hamadan and praised him and a group of ministers and emirs of his court for many years. In Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad's army, he met Ala al-Din Arabshah (584 AH), the ruler of the mountains. Arabshah liked Athir's poem and played it.