Introduction
Women have had a high place in Iranian culture and literature since long ago. It seems that in ancient Iran, a matriarchal system ruled over the human societies, and some believed that neither the matriarchal system nor the patriarchal system was dominant, but men and women were partners and complements, because each man and woman had the power to do special work. Zoroaster believed that men and women are equal and belong to the same race, and women in Iran were under the influence of Islam after Islam, and the most important issue was the Qur'anic points about women and their status.
Poets and writers have raised many issues about the position of women in Persian literature. It has been used, and her skills and intelligence have been praised everywhere, and the military view of women is intellectual, and the women in military stories are considered a model of loyalty, love and affection.
The comparison of these two works shows the status and status of women. Women accompanied men and in most cases solved their problems, women sometimes played a major role in political issues and transfer of power.
In the statement of the issue, the territory and the scope of the thesis topic have been clearly stated and theoretical issues have been distinguished from practical issues, the issue has been correctly stated and suitable solutions have been presented for it, a logical connection has been made between the issues, and the evidence and issues have been well examined. unresearched and unanswered issues. In this thesis, the results of previous researches have been used and the ambiguous angles and unanswered questions have been clarified.
Research questions are divided into two main and sub-categories, and the questions are designed in such a way that their answers depend on conducting the research, the questions that have been raised are clear, transparent and expressive, and the words that may cause the reader to have wrong impressions have been avoided, and possible answers have been given and attempted by stating the assumptions, problem and research The research method is briefly introduced and the means of collecting information and how to analyze them are explained. The main text of the research includes the findings that have been made by collecting information, classification and analysis, and at the end of the research, the results of the research are stated, and trustworthiness and honesty have been observed in the presentation of the material.
This dissertation consists of five chapters, which are:
The first chapter: the generalities of the research, in which the statement of the problem, the importance of the research, the research objectives, the research questions, and the research assumptions are mentioned.
The second chapter: The background of the research, which includes the theoretical foundations, literature and research records.
The third chapter: Method It is a research in which the research method, information collection tool and the method of material analysis are stated.
The fourth chapter: the research findings and their analysis, which includes the main body of the research, and the collected information has been classified, evaluated, analyzed and interpreted.
The fifth chapter: conclusions and suggestions based on the research findings and also before the table of contents, The Persian abstract is given at the end of the sources and references, followed by the English abstract.
Chapter One
General Research
Statement of the Problem
"The first activity in any research is the selection of the problem, and basically the research begins with the problem, when stating The problem of the researcher should clarify the phenomena under research" (Delavar, 2016: 59 and 60)
In this part, the problem of examining the position of women in Shahnameh and Panj Ganj Nizami is stated.
Women in Persian literature have a high position in the poetry of poets, and especially Ferdowsi in Shahnameh and Nizami in Khamsa have a special opinion on it.
The Shahnameh, although the main part of it contains fantastic events and war and killings and beautiful exaggerations, but the presence of women gives life and color to the stories and the presence of women is prominent in all the stories, Tahmina makes the death of Sohrab, Ferangis the death of Siavash, Ketayon the death of Esfandiar and Rudabah the death of Rostam look sad.
Women in the Shahnameh are examples of fighting, sacrifice, wisdom. And it is loyalty, and all the women in the Shahnameh are noble, and few women like Sudaba Patiyare are wicked.
The view that Ferdowsi had on women in the stories of the Shahnameh is very interesting, and examining the position and presence of women in the Shahnameh is very valuable, and it points out novel points for enthusiasts and scholars, many of which are instructive.
The love that is in The Shahnameh is used together with fire and gadaz and basically has a happy ending.
The women in the Shahnameh are some princesses and nobles, some are the wives of warriors and some are maids and nannies, and one woman is a Gazor who has raised a son Homai.
Nizami is considered the master of Bazmi stories in Persian literature, and the women in his stories are rulers and power. They rule the country, they excel in wisdom, chastity, knowledge, governance and politics, and in most cases, they are superior to men in terms of endurance and love.
A soldier in Khosrow Shirin's story mentions Mahin Bano, who is a skilled and wise woman, and Shirin was brought up by him. Shirin's chastity makes him unable to possess Khosrow during the story, and he is superior to Khosrow, and the interesting thing is that after Khosrow reaches Shirin, Shirin invites Khosrow to Dadu Dehesh. In Khosrow Shirin, a woman has a high status and is equal to a man.
Lily in the story of Lily and Majnoon is the bookkeeper of Khoban, she is an example of love and loyalty. Lily does not stop loving Majnoon in any way, even though her father forcibly gives her to Ibn Salam, but eventually Lily and Majnoon die in love with each other, and this is considered an example of Platonic love, and women like this in Haft Pekar, and especially Noshabe in Iskandarnameh, are praiseworthy women. The name of the drink is to drink every year with your love.
Strong-willed, open-minded and talkative. Bashram, pious and self-respecting, free, selfless, devoted, loyal, wise, clear minded and opinionated women, women like Rudabah, Manijeh, Feringis, Katayon, Shirin, Lily and Noshabeh are always praiseworthy. It is one of the great epic works of the world in which women play an important role. The love stories of the Shahnameh, both long and short, contain various romantic incidents in which the place of women's behavior and characteristics need to be discussed and investigated in order to reveal their ambiguous angles and to determine the positive and negative characteristics of women. It has been.
These stories are considered part of lyrical literature and other great storytellers had an opinion on their characters, behavior and deeds, the relationships between men and women and marital love between them express the culture and customs of that time.