Examining the implementation problems of retrofitting educational buildings and providing solutions

Number of pages: 113 File Format: word File Code: 31420
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Civil Engineering
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  • Summary of Examining the implementation problems of retrofitting educational buildings and providing solutions

    Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering (M.Sc)

    Trend: Project and Construction Management

    Abstract:

    Seismic renovation of educational buildings is one of the main priorities of the government after the Bam earthquake. This incident drew the attention of the statesmen to the fact that the improvement of educational buildings in Iran is a historical necessity, and if a proper response is not given to it, they will be responsible for the future generations of the country who are affected by this incident. Therefore, this led to the allocation of credits in different parts of the country for the purpose of improving the main arteries and public buildings of the country, including the plan to demolish and rebuild and rehabilitate dilapidated schools in the country. In order to realize this, the country's school modernization organization, as the guardian of the sacred matter of school building; It has put retrofitting of existing schools as well as improving the safety factor of schools under implementation in its agenda.

    This research has been done in order to identify the challenges facing this organization in relation to the implementation of retrofitting educational buildings and to provide solutions to solve them. At first, by studying the literature on the subject and the research conducted on the obstacles and problems of the projects, as well as the success and failure factors of organizations in achieving quality goals, and also according to the opinion of a number of experts, several factors were identified as the main challenges in the school renovation organization. After that, through a questionnaire, the opinions of a number of people involved in the retrofitting projects of schools in Yazd and other provinces were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Then, the problems were prioritized and several solutions were proposed and presented according to the experts' opinion to solve the primary priorities of these challenges. Key words: retrofitting, educational buildings, school renovation organization 1 Chapter 1: Research overview 1-1 Introduction Earthquake is a natural phenomenon that affects It has a wide range on human life.  Unfortunately, Iran is currently one of the countries where earthquakes are associated with high casualties. The earthquake-proneness of most parts of the country and the high risk of seismicity in different areas is another issue that doubles the importance of the quality issue in construction. In our country, every 10 years, an earthquake with a magnitude greater than 5.6 on the Richter scale occurs, and this in itself is a warning for all those involved in construction. The 2800 law considers schools among the most important buildings and has a higher safety factor for educational spaces than other buildings. [1] Due to the presence of thousands of teachers and students in these spaces, it is very important to pay attention to the structural strength of school buildings.

    Seismic improvement of educational buildings is one of the main priorities of the government after the Bam earthquake. This incident drew the attention of the statesmen to the fact that the improvement of educational buildings in Iran is a historical necessity, and if a proper response is not given to it, they will be responsible for the future generations of the country who are affected by this incident. Therefore, this led to the allocation of credits in different parts of the country for the purpose of improving the main arteries and public buildings of the country, including the plan to demolish and rebuild and rehabilitate dilapidated schools in the country. In order to realize this, the country's school modernization organization, as the guardian of the sacred matter of school building; It has put retrofitting of existing schools as well as improving the safety factor of schools under implementation [2]. Due to the high importance of this issue, examining the problems encountered in the path of seismic improvement (strengthening) and prioritizing them and providing a solution for it is one of the essentials of this research to achieve this. It has been on the agenda for a year, and with the support of the government and the Islamic Council, appropriate credit has been allocated for the retrofitting and reconstruction of dangerous schools in the country. The experience of the sad event of the earthquake in the historical city of Bam, in addition to revealing the reality of the disaster caused by the wear and tear of the buildings, it was noted that the schools built in recent years can be used as a safe, durable and permanent base for the relief and assistance of earthquake victims or survivors of other unexpected events.With these words, a budget was provided to the School Renovation Organization of the country to pay for the demolition, reconstruction, and strengthening of unfortified schools across the country.

    Since 1985, the School Renovation Organization has stepped into the field as the trustee of this matter, and now many educational buildings have been built throughout the country, which sometimes have stopped or progressed slowly due to various factors. Due to the high importance of this issue, the title of the research is to examine the problems encountered in this direction and provide solutions about it. In finding the root cause of this problem, each of the parties involved in the construction of the project blames the other, and the contractor should take into account all aspects that are beyond the scope of the parties' authority to use the ideas and opinions of the officials and contractors involved in the project. We will address it.

    1-3 Statement of the problem

    Currently, the National School Renovation, Development and Equipment Organization is considered to be the main custodian of the retrofitting, demolition and reconstruction project of the country's schools. During the past years since 2005, various activities related to the implementation of retrofitting have been carried out by that organization, which are summarized below. 

    In this research, we have benefited from the ideas and opinions of the people in charge of strengthening the renovation departments of the province and the officials and contractors involved in order to get a solid knowledge about the problems of this project, for example, the cooperation of school operators, lack of budget allocation, implementation problems, lack of experience of contractors.

    At the same time, during the implementation stages of the project, from study to implementation, there will be unpredictable issues that will overshadow the entire project path, and by examining it, accurate planning can be achieved. This research can help the officials of the School Renovation Organization of the country, the General Administration of School Renovation in the provinces, and especially the General Administration of School Renovation in Yazd Province, to prevent their occurrence or take action to solve them by identifying and prioritizing the problems of retrofitting and applying the necessary measures. which in the future will advance towards the retrofitting of important government projects; it has helped to raise the quality of projects and achieve quality goals with minimum cost and in the shortest possible time. 1-4 Goal Due to the urgent need of the country to carry out retrofitting projects and the amount of government and philanthropic investment in the renovation of schools, we must be aware of the problems of this system and work hard to solve them. In fact, this case plays a vital role. It plays a key role in advancing future retrofitting projects towards success. According to the above, by implementing this research, the following can be accessed:

    Identifying effective factors in retrofitting educational buildings

    Inspecting and identifying the challenges and problems of implementing retrofitting schools

    Prioritizing factors that are effective in the occurrence of problems according to external and internal organizational factors

    Providing suggested solutions to solve the problems and challenges that arise in retrofitting Schools

     

    1-5     Hypotheses and questions

    This research does not test a specific hypothesis and seeks to find answers to the research questions.

    The research questions that are followed in this research are:

    What are the most important parameters in the implementation process of retrofitting?

    Problems faced by executive agents, regarding each stage of the implementation of retrofitting educational buildings. Which ones?

    How important are these problems from the point of view of the factors involved in these projects?

    What solutions can be offered to reduce or solve these problems?

    Does the point of view of the user factors have an effect on the process of implementation and solving the challenges?

    1-6    Methodology

    This research considers the identification of factors influencing the implementation of the retrofitting of educational projects in the school renovation organization.

  • Contents & References of Examining the implementation problems of retrofitting educational buildings and providing solutions

    List:

    Abstract. 1

    1. Chapter 1: Research overview 2

    1-1 Introduction. 3

    1-2       Importance of the issue: 3

    1-3       Statement of the issue. 4

    1-4       Purpose. 5

    1-5       Hypotheses and questions. 6

    1-6       Procedure. 6

    1-7 Definition of words and information. 7

    2. Chapter Two: Background of Research 8

    1-2 Part One: Theoretical Foundations of Research. 9

    2-1-1 Introduction. 9

    2-1-2 Education Organization. 10

    2-1-3 School renovation organization. 11

    2-1-4 Retrofitting: 12

    2-1-4-1 Price: 12

    2-1-4-2 Usage: 12

    2-1-4-3 Beauty: 13

    2-1-4-4 Seismicity of the area: 13

    2-1-5 Seismic improvement E. 14

    2-1-6 seismic improvement studies. 16

    2-1-6-1 Vulnerability assessment. 16

    2-1-6-2 preparation of improvement plan. 18

    2-1-6-3 Implementation of seismic improvement plan. 19

    2-1-7 Development of new patterns in retrofitting Iranian schools. 19

    2-1-7-1 Partial improvement of the country's schools by shear wall. 21

    2-1-7-2 Relative improvement of the country's schools using the perimeter shotcrete method. 21

    2-1-7-3 Partial improvement of the country's schools by creating a safe classroom. 22

    2-1-7-4 The methods of improving the country's schools - the method of arming the core 22

    2-1-8 Summarizing the contents. 23

    2-2       Research literature. 23

    2-2-1 Introduction. 23

    2-2-1-1 The history of strengthening studies (seismic improvement) in the world. 24

    2-2-1-2 The history of retrofitting studies (seismic improvement) in Iran. 24

    2-2-2 Summary of the conducted research 25

    2-3       Summary. 34

    3. Chapter Three: Research Methodology 37

    3-1 Introduction. 38

    2-3 Research method. 38

    3-3       Statistical population. 41

    3-4 Sample size and measurement method. 41

    3-5 Data collection tool 42

    3-6 Validity and reliability of the research tool. 43

    3-6-1 Narrative. 43

    3-6-2 Reliability. 43

    3-7       Statistical methods. 44

    4. Chapter 4: Results and discussion 45

    4-1 Introduction. 46

    4-2 How to implement retrofitting projects in the school renovation organization. 46

    4-2-1 Project approval and credit allocation. 46

    4-2-2 Project design and preparation of financial estimates. 47

    4-2-3 Selecting the contractor and concluding the contract. 47

    4-2-4 Project implementation 47

    4-2-5 Completion of the contract and delivery of the project 48

    4-3 Extraction of challenges and solutions according to the opinions of experts and study of the subject literature. 48

    4-4 Analysis and review of identified challenges 48

    4-4-1 Review of demographic variables. 49

    4-4-1-1 Characteristics of the statistical population in terms of education level. 49

    4-4-1-2 Characteristics of the statistical population in terms of field of study. 51

    4-4-1-3 Characteristics of the statistical population in terms of history of cooperation with school renovation. 53

    4-5 Descriptive statistics related to each of the challenges 55

    4-5-1 Frequency of each of the challenges 57

    4-5-2 Average priorities of Yazd province. 66

    4-5-3 Frequency of challenges of retrofitting experts in other provinces 68

    4-5-4 Average national priorities. 74

    4-6       Check the reliability of the questionnaire. 76

    4-6-1 ratio test to check the status of each challenge. 76

    5. The fifth chapter: conclusion and suggestions 82

    5-1 Introduction. 83

    5-2       Identified challenges and proposed solutions. 83

    5-2-1 Absence of specialized price list. 83

    5-2-2 Failure to train contractors and supervisors to implement retrofitting. 84

    5-2-3 Lack of mastery of experts on technical issues. 84

    5-2-4 lack of initial coordination with education. 84

    5-2-5 lack of proper system for evaluation and selection of contractors. 85

    5-2-6 Improper allocation of construction credits. 85

    5-3       Conclusion. 86

    5-4       Suggestions for future research. 86

    6

    Resources 87

    7

    Appendix 90

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Examining the implementation problems of retrofitting educational buildings and providing solutions