Word Files
Reference for Downloading Educational Files
  2. Civil Engineering
  3. Investigating the seismic behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints in steel structures

Investigating the seismic behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints in steel structures

Number of pages: 144 File Format: word File Code: 31407
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Civil Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Plastic joint - Seismic behavior - Semi-rigid beam-to-column connections - Semi-rigid joints - Shell structures - Steel structures - Structural materials
  • Part of the Content
  • Contents & Resources

  • Summary of Investigating the seismic behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints in steel structures

    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering

    Earthquake Tendency

    Abstract

    Semi-rigid connections [1] are connections whose hardness is between two states of grip and joint and transmit a part of the anchor, in other words, its degree of rigidity is between 20% and 90%, and in these connections, especially screw connections, through proper rotational plasticity and the creation of a plastic joint in depreciation The energy caused by the earthquake forces is effective, and increasing the damping reduces the earthquake forces. In this thesis, the seismic behavior of semi-rigid joints in steel structures has been investigated. In this regard, a laboratory sample is first tested under cyclic loading and calibrated with Abaqus software. In order to check the characteristics of semi-rigid joints, several samples are modeled and analyzed, and the built models are analyzed under different dynamic loading conditions and the results are compared. It was found that this increase is about 7% and as a result it increases the hardness in the models and increasing the distance of the screws in the horizontal direction will lead to a 2.5% drop in resistance and increasing its value more than 50 mm will not have much effect on the resistance and it will reduce the hardness of the models and finally by bringing the screws closer to each other and away from the edges it will increase the resistance to some extent and increase the hardness to a considerable amount. Keywords: joints, semi-rigid, joint Plasticity, hardness, strength, ductility

    Chapter 1 Research overview

     

     

    Introduction

    1-1-1       History of steel structures and connections

    Using metal as a structural material to build an arch bridge in England with a span of 30 meters using cast iron members between 1777 and 1779. returns Between 1780 and 1820 AD, many cast iron bridges were built in the same way. From around 1840, low carbon iron (malleable) gradually replaced ordinary cast iron in construction, the oldest example of which is the British four-span bridge in Wales [2]. With the production and rolling of various profiles made of cast iron and carbon iron, the use of these two metals expanded and eventually led to the rolling of I-shaped profiles in 1870, and since 1890, steel has gradually replaced carbon iron in the construction industry, and currently steel is one of the most important construction materials, which is produced under yield stress, 2400 to 7000 kg per square centimeter for various purposes. .

    Remaining works from the past show the fact that early humans used the physical principles that form the basis of modern welding. In 1891, a Russian scientist named Slavyanio invented the melting electrode. In this method, a metal electrode was used instead of a metal electrode In 1905, a Swedish craftsman named Skarkil invented a coated metal electrode. The coating of this electrode was a mixture of various minerals, which was able to protect the melt resulting from the melting of the electrode from the adverse effects of contact with air (Tahoni, 2015).

    1-2-1 Classification of steel structures

    Steel structures are classified into three basic groups (Tahoni, 1389):

    A) framed structures[4]

    These structures are a combination of beams and columns that are connected to each other using rigid or simple connections and may be in the form of multi-story buildings or industrial buildings. Second, the perpendicular plane frame is created and forms the space frame, in such a way that the performance of these frames in each extension does not affect the performance of other extension frames, and the analysis of the frames of each extension is done independently and as a plane. B) Shell structures [1] (images are available in the main file) These structures are in various forms such as liquid storage sources. And pressurized gases, silos, domed roofs and similar things are used. The main characteristic of these structures is that they are space workers, that is, due to the interaction of the components in different stretches, they cannot be considered as a combination of planar structures, and to analyze it, the structure must be designed as a single set. (Figure 1-2)

    ) Suspended structures [2]

    Suspended structures are often used in covers (roofs) and long-span bridges. In such structures, there is a framed skeleton that is suspended by hangers from the main tension cables. (Figure 1-3)

    -2-2 Disadvantages and advantages of structures Steel (Tahoni, 1389-Feridon Irani, 1377):

    A) Advantages

    1- High resistance:

    The resistance of metal parts is high and the ratio of strength to weight is greater than concrete materials, for this reason it is very important in large openings of sheds and high buildings as well as buildings that are placed on loose ground (due to the lightness and weight reduction of these structures).

    2-Uniform properties:

    According to the fact that the metal is prepared in large factories under strict supervision and the uniformity of its properties can be ensured, therefore, due to this property, by choosing a small reliability factor, it is possible to save on the consumption of materials.

    4-elastic properties:

    The behavior of steel is better than most other materials in accordance with the design assumptions because steel obeys Hooke's law [3] well up to high stress, for example, the moment of inertia [4] of a steel cross-section due to its ductility and resistance in compression and tension can be entered with confidence in the calculation, while in concrete sections sometimes "due to the lack of coordination between concrete and steel, especially in implementation, the relevant figures are not very definite and reliable" .

     

    5- Formability[5]:

    One of the suitable characteristics of metal materials is its formability, which due to this property, they are able to reduce the effects of stress concentration, which is actually one of the effective factors in brittleness (a type of catastrophic failure) and as a result prevent sudden failure and its dangers.

    6- Continuity of materials:

    Metal parts according to the materials Its composition is continuous and homogenous, but in concrete parts, due to this discontinuity, the damage caused to the concrete coating on the surface of the rebar in every earthquake is caused, and as a result, the cracks that appear in the concrete coating cannot be controlled, and the building will probably perform poorly in the aftershock or the next earthquake and will be destroyed. Strengthened by welding or riveting or screwing new parts such as reinforcement sheets (especially in the wall).

    8-Easy construction and installation conditions:

    Producing metal parts in factories and installing them in different weather conditions is possible with the necessary measures.

    9-Installation speed:

    Installation speed of metal parts takes less time than concrete parts.

    10-Waste of materials:

    Considering the supply of parts from the factory, the waste of materials is less compared to the preparation and use of concrete.

    11- Low weight:

    According to the experience of accounting engineers for steel and concrete structures, the average weight of the elements of the entire structure (including structural and flooring and walls and partitions and and a percentage of live loads) for steel structures between 750 and 850 kg/m2 and for reinforced concrete structures, depending on the type of lateral resisting system, between 1100 and 1250 kg/m2 of the base of the structure is obtained, in these calculations 20% of the live load is included (in fact, it is the effective weight of the structure for earthquake loading).

  • Contents & References of Investigating the seismic behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints in steel structures

    List:

    Chapter 1 Research overview_1

    1-1 Introduction_2

    1-1-1 History of steel structures and connections 2

    1-2 Statement of the problem_2

    1-2-1 Classification of steel structures_3

    Steel structures are classified into three basic groups_3

    1-2-2 Disadvantages and advantages of steel structures_6

    1-3 Importance and necessity of research_9

    1-4 Research objectives_9

    1-5 Research variables_10

    1-6 Research hypotheses_13

    1-7 Definition of words and terms_13

    1-8 Research Limits_13

    Chapter Two, an overview of the conducted research 15

    2-1 Introduction_15

    2-2 Theoretical bases of research_15

    2-2-1 Connections_15

    2-2-2 Classification of steel connections_17

    2-2-2-1 classification of joints in terms of hardness_17

    2-2-2-2 classification of joints in terms of resistance_17

    2-2-2-3 classification of joints in terms of plasticity_17

    2-2-3 diagram of anchor-rotation in joints_17

    2-2-4 classification of joints based on M-? diagram_ 18

    2-2-5 Semi-rigid beam-to-column connections_19

    2-2-5-1 Semi-rigid connection details_20

    2-2-5-2 Seismic behavior of semi-rigid connections_21

    2-2-5-3 Seismic design of semi-rigid connections_23

    2-2-5-4 Types of semi-rigid connections_ 25 2-2-5-6 Disadvantages and advantages of hollow joints 27 2-2-5-7 Investigation of behavior and forces involved in hollow joints 28 2-2-5-8 Studies of semi-rigid joints 29 2-2-6 Regulatory issues 29 1-2-2-6 Classification of connections from the point of view of regulations 29

    2-2-6-2 Standards and regulations- 31

    2-3 Research background_ 34

    2-3-1 Introduction_ 34

    2-3-2 An overview of the researchers' previous researches: 34

    2-3-2-1 Reviewing the design and seismic performance of the structure steel structures with a combined system of rigid and semi-rigid frames_34

    2-3-2-2 Investigation of the seismic behavior of column-resistant bending frames with semi-rigid connections 36

    2-3-2-3 Parametric analysis and analysis of composite gate frames with semi-rigid connections_38

    2-3-2-4 First and second degree stiffness matrices and axial load of a beam-to-beam system Columns with semi-rigid connections_40

    2-3-2-5 Development of practical design methods for steel structures with semi-rigid connections 41

    2-3-2-6 Approximate parameters for checking the torsional behavior of steel structures with semi-rigid Khorjini connections_44

    2-3-2-7 Review and analysis of steel frames with semi-rigid elbow joints beam to beam and beam to column under bending and axial force 46

    2-3-2-8 evaluation of semi-rigid joints in steel structures using modal test_ 48

    2-3-2-9 stability analysis of flat three-dimensional shelf structures with semi-rigid joints 50

    2-3-2-10 stability design of structures with semi-rigid joints 50

    2-3-2-11 checking load distribution on flexible foundations Acceptance in structures with semi-rigid connections 50

    2-3-2-12 Examining the dynamic characteristics and time response of frame-shaped structures with semi-rigid and eccentric connections 50

    2-3-2-13 Assessing the seismic behavior of steel frames with semi-rigid connections and knee bracing using method 50

    2-3-2-14 Experimental investigation of systems with semi-rigid connections Under bending with and without axial force 57

    2-3-2-15 Seismic performance of semi-rigid bending frames under recorded records of far and near __ 79

    The third chapter of modeling basics and matching analytical and laboratory results_ 62

    3-1 Introduction_ 63

    3-2 Estimation of damping and reduction coefficients of the demand response spectrum 63

    3-3 Finite Element Analysis 67

    3-4 Stages of Finite Element Analysis 69

    3-5 How to Analyze Finite Element 70

    3-6 Finite Element Analysis Methods 70

    3-6-1 Implicit Finite Element Method_71

    3-6-2 Explicit Finite Element Method_71

    3-7 Validation of laboratory work_ 75

    Chapter 4 Modeling and analysis of models 84

    4-1 Introduction_ 87

    4-2 Selection of yield criterion_ 87

    4-2-1 Van Mises criterion 87

    4-3 Studied models_ 88

    4-3-1 Acceleration mapping of Tabas earthquake_ 89

    4-3-2 Bam earthquake acceleration mapping_90

    4-3-3 Manjil earthquake acceleration mapping_90

    4-3-4 Elentro earthquake acceleration mapping 91

    4-4 Seismic loading results_91

    4-4-1 earthquake_ 91

    4-4-2 other seismic results 102

    5-4 second type models 110

    Chapter five conclusions and suggestions_123

    5-1 introduction_124

    5-2 conclusion 124

    5-3 suggestions 126

    Sources_ 127

     

     

    Source:

     

    ATC. Report No. 40, ssc96-01, Applied Technology Council, CA. .

    Alfonsas, D. Kestutis, U. (2008). Analysis of the steel frames with the semi-rigid beam-to-beam and beam-to-column knee joints under bending and axial forces Department of Steel and Timber Structures, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saule? tekio al. 11, LT-10223

    Vilnius, Lithuania

     

    Bulent,A. Jay, S. (2003). Seismic Behavior of Steel Building With Combined Rigid And Semi-Rigid Frames. Department of Earthquake and Structural Science Gobez Institute of Technology 41400 Kocacli -Turkey

     

    Cabrero, E. Bayo, R. (2005). Development of practical design methods for steel structures with semi-rigid connections. Department of Structural Analysis and Design, School of Architecture, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, ??Spain

     

    Dragan, Z. Slavko, Z. Marina, M. Biljana, M. Tomislav, I. (2010). Redistribution Of The Influences In Systems With Semi-rigid Joints On Elastic Foundations. The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Serbia

     

    Dario, J. (2010). First-And Second-Order Stiffness Matrices And Load Vector Of Beam-Columns With Semirigid Connections. School Of Mines Nat univ Medellin Colombia.

     

    Feng,F. Huihuan, M. Gengbo, C. Shizhao, S. (2012).  Experimental study of semi-rigid joint systems subjected to bending with and without axial force School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 202 Haihe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China

    HKS, ABAQUS standard user manual, Version 6.9.1, (2009), Hibbitt, Karlsson, and Sorensen, Inc., Providence (RI)

    Kamal, M. Bajoria1, K. Rajshekar, S. (2009). Stability Analysis Of 3-D Conventional Pallet Rack Structures With Semi-Rigid Connections.

    Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India

    Michael, M. Astaneh-Asl, A. (2003). Steel Semirigid Column–Three Moment Resisting Frame

    Seismic Behavior. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley,

    CA 94720

     

    Namvari,F. Zarfam, P. (2011). Seismic Behavior Evaluation of Semi-Rigid Steel Frames with Knee Bracing by Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA). World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 76 2011

     

    Nihan, D. Aksoylar, A. Elnashai, F. Hussam, M. (2003). Seismic Performance of Semirigid Moment-Resisting Frames under Far and Near Field Records. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720

     

    ?piro, G. Stanko, B. Ljiljana, ?. (2011). Dynamic Properties And Time Response Of Frame Works With Semi-rigid And Eccentric Connections. 2University of Belgrade, Civil Engineering Faculty, Belgrade, Serbia

     

    Tomislav, I. Slavko, Z. Dragan, Z. Sr?an, ?. Nikola, S. (2010). Stability Design Of Structures With Semi-rigid Connections. The Highway Institute, Belgrade, Serbia

    Tehranizadeh, M. (2003). Approximate parameter for semi-rigid 'Khorjinee' connections in

    dynamic torsional response of steel structures Amirkabir University of Technology and IIEES, 37 Salmack St. Vali-Aasr Avenue, Tajrish, Tehran, Iran Received 9 February 1998; received in revised form July 1, 1998; accepted 9 July 1998

     

    Temel, T. Murat, E. Alemdar, B. Murat, M. (2009). Assessment of semi-rigid connections in steel structures by modal testing. a Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

     

    Vellascoa, d,. deandradec, A. Dasilva, b.

Investigating the seismic behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column joints in steel structures
How To Access The File
Related Contents:
Number of pages: 86 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering-Earthquake Abstract Using braces as a lateral resistance system in steel structures is one of the most common methods to withstand the forces caused by earthquakes. One of the weak points of this system is the compression resistance of the bracing member and its buckling as a result of reducing the member's load. Today, this problem has been ...

Number of pages: 231 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation to receive M.Sc degree in civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract: One of the ways to strengthen the building against lateral loads is the use of a wind system (convergent or divergent). The increasing use of steel braces to deal with earthquake forces requires that the seismic performance of these types of systems be given more attention. The common ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering - Earthquake Engineering 1391 Abstract Structures with frames with coaxial braces are among earthquake resistant systems. These structures are widely

Number of pages: 141 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil-Structural Engineering Abstract In our country, most of the structures and maybe all the conventional buildings are analyzed and designed independently, which means that these structures are mainly analyzed and designed by conventional software and considering a rigid or articulated support, and then the forces obtained at the base of ...

Number of pages: 165 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (Sc..M) field: civil engineering, specialization: structure, abstract: In recent years, the subject of seismic isolation has been particularly focused on the seismic design of buildings. The main purpose of this work is to isolate the structure from the ground instead of using conventional retrofitting methods The equipment used in ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering - Structural Orientation Abstract: The most basic goal in the seismic design of structures is to prevent the structure from collapsing during severe earthquakes, which is the basis of the governing theory of seismic behavior, the result of investigating the nonlinear behavior of the structure during an earthquake and the ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of structural oriented civil engineering, 2013, although the construction and design methods of structures have expanded over the years, but still the effect of earthquakes is one of the most important.

Number of pages: 115 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering - Structural Orientation, February 2013 Abstract: The performance of a building during an earthquake depends on many factors, as a result, predicting the seismic performance of structures should be considered either explicitly or implicitly as part of the design or evaluation. Predicting the seismic response of the structure is very ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering – Spring 2014 structure trend, first chapter, general research 1-1- Introduction: Mostly structures for severe earthquakes and surface acceptance

Number of pages: 158 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree Abstract: Dealing with external forces such as earthquakes is one of the most important missions of civil engineers. In order to achieve this goal, the light metal frame system, which has advantages such as the possibility of industrial production, prefabrication and lightness, can be considered as a suitable alternative to traditional systems. ...