Designing a secure communication network for the reliable operation of micro-grids in the power grid

M.A. Dissertation

Strategy: Power

Abstract

Evaluating reliability in power networks is essential. With the discussion of smart grids in traditional power systems, a lot of attention has been paid to the use of renewable resources, smart cars that can be connected to the grid, as well as other types of energy sources such as CHPs[1]. On the other hand, in the smart power system, not only the resources on the production side are relied on, but in such an environment, the use and efficiency of the capabilities of the subscribers on the consumption side is also very important. This issue is important because the response speed of the resources on the consumption side is much higher than the resources on the production side and they do not need investment costs. They also increase the ability to use sources with random production, such as scrap cars, as well as renewable sources. All these facilities that have appeared in the context of smart networks increase the reliability of power systems. In the meantime, telecommunication systems and sampling rates and information transmission can increase the effectiveness of other departments in reliability calculations. The purpose of this research is to design the telecommunication system in order to increase the reliability of the power system. The results show that the telecommunication system plays an effective role in reliability calculations. Keywords: reliability, electric vehicle, telecommunication system, demand side management Combined heat and power [1] 1-1 Introduction Today, the electricity industry is not only faced with providing resources to meet the energy demand of industries, but also minimizing and reducing the effects that humans have on the environment in connection with production. It has energy and is another matter of interest, and the smart grid [1] (SG) is a solution to this challenge that has a lot of profit and efficiency. For the consumer, the smart grid means that they can manage their consumption intelligently in order to pay less during peak hours when the price of energy is expensive, and for environmental experts, this grid means using technology to help solve bad climate changes and avoid excessive carbon gas production, and for the colleagues of the electricity industry, it means peaking and making smart decisions and providing accurate information about the state of the grid [1]. forces to move towards smart networks, including[1]:

Self-recovery distribution network

Self-recovery distribution network refers to a network that has a high reliability factor, inherent security at all levels. In this type of networks, using sensors [2] and measuring devices, there is decentralized control and comprehensiveness on the system parameters.

Distribution network with the possibility of providing electricity at a low price

These types of networks mainly have a non-hierarchical distribution of electrical energy production and usually reduce the cost of electricity supply by taking advantage of scattered production sources by consumers. In this type of networks, the involvement of human factors is greatly reduced and the level of automation is increased.

Environment-friendly electricity distribution network

Definitely, smart distribution networks prevent excessive greenhouse gases from entering the environment by optimizing energy consumption. For this purpose, by expressing the features of the intelligent distribution system and the communication technologies used in it, we will learn about the infrastructure of the intelligent network. Also, by stating the importance of the issue, we will examine the reason for addressing this issue. 1-2 Statement of the problem and the necessity of research Today, with the advancements made in communication technology and measuring devices such as PMUs [3] and all kinds of sensors, as well as in order to manage energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution, as well as in order to regularly plan network upgrades, smart networks are expanding. Meanwhile, the design of a secure telecommunication platform is of great importance in order to maintain and increase reliability.

In an intelligent distribution system of electric energy, information and their transmission are of great importance. Because any intelligent system is not able to make a decision without knowing the conditions.In a smart system, the information required by the system is collected from various sources such as smart meters, power plants, feeders, substations and any other components that are related to the network. In this type of network, the information transmission is two-way in some cases, that is, for example, not only the network receives the subscriber's data, but the network may send information and commands to the subscriber (for example, the smart meter).

Information transmission in such networks has special characteristics. The information sent must have high security and reliability and, in addition, have a high sending speed. For example, when a command to cut off a feeder or enter a unit from a power plant is issued in a smart network, the entire network must ensure that the command is received and executed with full accuracy and speed. Therefore, the communication infrastructure in a smart network, which is considered one of the most important and basic parts of a smart network, must have special features such as speed, security and high reliability. On the other hand, due to the large size of distribution networks and the large number of terminals, it is impossible to imagine creating a separate network for data transmission next to the distribution network. Therefore, this data transmission network must somehow use the capabilities and capacities of the distribution network itself. Intelligent electric energy distribution networks are one of the latest technologies in the world and the result of specialized efforts to modernize distribution networks and enter the digital century. The main goal is to provide reliable electricity and respond to the growing needs of customers with minimal damage to the environment. The world's first smart network was introduced in March 2008, and the city of Balder, Colorado, USA, was awarded the title of the first city with a smart electricity distribution network. The goal of the designers is to use smart technology around the three main axes of subscribers, equipment and communication. Smart technology has the ability to make fundamental changes in the production, transmission, distribution and use of electric energy along with economic and environmental benefits, which ultimately ends in meeting the needs of customers and the availability of reliable and stable electricity[2]. On the other hand, the intelligent power system does not rely only on resources on the production side; Rather, in such an environment, the use and efficiency of subscribers' capabilities on the consumption side is also very important. This issue is important because the response speed of the resources on the consumption side is much higher than the resources on the production side, they also do not need investment costs, and they also increase the ability to use resources with random production, such as scrap cars, as well as renewable resources. Among the solutions that are implemented on the consumption side, we can refer to the efficiency or energy response solutions. For the consumer side, the smart grid means that they can manage their consumption intelligently to pay less during peak hours when the price of energy is expensive. Reducing the power consumption of subscribers during peak hours can also help to improve the environmental conditions, which is one of the goals of smart networks.

Now that the importance of the efficiency of consumption side resources has been determined, it is necessary to establish a secure communication infrastructure with high reliability in the smart network; In other words, the discussion of intelligentizing the power grid is not only a discussion related to power systems, but issues related to communication, information technology, and intelligent processing should also be considered in it. It should be mentioned that in the smart power network, most of the loads are in the form of digital loads that require much higher reliability. Accordingly, in this thesis, the goal is to design a suitable telecommunication infrastructure for operation with the desired reliability. For this purpose, a microgrid will be considered as a sample network that has resources such as renewable resources, electric vehicles that can be connected to the network, and load response resources [3]. Regarding the power system, reliability can be defined as the ability of the system to provide electrical energy to consumers