Obtaining the necessary geotechnical data for the design of kiwall, land reclamation and land improvement in a part of Shahid Rajaei port.

Number of pages: 192 File Format: word File Code: 31327
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Civil Engineering
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  • Summary of Obtaining the necessary geotechnical data for the design of kiwall, land reclamation and land improvement in a part of Shahid Rajaei port.

    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering-Marine Structures

    Abstract

    In this research, in addition to using the results of SPT and CPT tests performed in 4 different points of Shahid Rajaei Port Development Project site and using Seyed Idris and Robertson Ride methods, the liquefaction potential of the region is evaluated. We considered 0.37g. By comparing the results of this evaluation, we find that due to such a stimulating factor, the soil of the area will liquefy, so it is necessary to provide a suitable method to improve the soil of the project construction area in order to prevent liquefaction. Considering that in the previous phases, dynamic compaction operations were used to improve the soil and the necessary equipment is available in the workshop, it is suggested to use dynamic compaction.

    Introduction

    Given that the construction of some structures is on loose ground with low resistance and bearing capacity, therefore, the category of controlling the construction of the structure in terms of phenomena such as liquefaction and as a result strengthening the structure with the conditions of the site, moving loose materials and replacing suitable materials instead or modifying the soil on the site is proposed. In order to achieve this, extensive geotechnical studies are conducted by drilling boreholes of up to 45 meters and taking various samples for laboratory studies. Due to the fact that in coastal projects, the soil in the area is saturated, so it is practically impossible to obtain intact samples to obtain the shear strength of the soil using triaxial shear and direct shear tests. Therefore, in this field, methods were presented that can obtain the soil strength during tests that are carried out in situ or in the field. One of the most important of these methods is the standard penetration test and the cone penetration test, in which the soil resistance is obtained at different depths during the modifications that have been fully explained. At first, while knowing the soil layers, the psychrogenic potential of the area is checked. If the soil of the area is prone to liquefaction, the construction site of the structure is checked and controlled in terms of the occurrence of liquefaction phenomenon due to a stimulating factor such as an earthquake with acceleration and magnitude of 7 Richter. In the case of the phenomenon of psychosis, the necessary methods to improve the construction will be provided. While improving the construction, it is necessary to provide the necessary laboratory methods to strengthen the base of the structure and to ensure its implementation. In this research, the construction of a practical project called Bandar Shahid Rajaei Bandar Abbas wharf has been examined and evaluated scientifically and by applying the earthquake trigger factor in terms of morphogenesis as one of the most important seismic phenomena. In the first chapter, generalities about the research and its method and the necessity of the subject are discussed. In the second chapter, the reasons for investigating this phenomenon of psychrosis due to the triggering factor of the earthquake are stated according to its history. In the rest of this chapter, various methods of soil improvement are presented. In the third chapter, the various theories and methods presented in this field are discussed in general, and by providing reasons and explanations from among the presented methods, the necessary method to evaluate the potential of psychosis is selected for a more complete interpretation in the fourth chapter. In the fourth chapter, along with the complete presentation of the two methods mentioned in the third chapter to evaluate the potential of psychosis, their complete interpretation has been discussed. Finally, the necessary methods to control the improvement of the project construction are presented. In the fifth chapter, the building of Shahid Rajaei port is evaluated using the two methods explained in the fourth chapter and using tests in place of cone penetration and standard penetration and other laboratory tests in terms of liquefaction potential. And the settlement is obtained due to liquefaction at specific depths. According to the workshop conditions of the Shahid Rajaee development project and the existing facilities, the best method to improve or strengthen the ground is dynamic compaction, which, by considering the design of different pounding patterns in the previous phases of the work, during which the necessary energy is transferred to the ground and the loose layers below are condensed, and the necessary methods to control the improved surface are presented in the following.

    Chapter One

    Generalities

    Introduction

    According to the fact that the construction of some structures is on loose ground with low resistance and bearing capacity, therefore, the category of controlling the construction of the structure in terms of phenomena such as liquefaction and as a result strengthening the structure with local conditions, moving loose materials and replacing suitable materials in its place, or soil modification on the site is brought up.

    This research has investigated the geotechnical situation under the effect of an earthquake trigger (with a magnitude of 7 on the Richter scale and maximum acceleration) and how to improve the soil in the coastal area of ??the Persian Gulf for the construction of a diaphragm pier.

    In the previous phases of the site in question, various operations have been carried out to investigate the site, as a result of which good and valuable information is available to judge the soil conditions behind the quay walls and the site area. Finally, a series of ramming patterns have been presented to improve the soil of the project site in order to prevent damage and subsidence caused by earthquakes.

    The importance and necessity of conducting research

    Considering the vastness of dear Iran and the necessity of moving the needs of the society as quickly as possible and the cheapness of sea transportation, and also according to studies on the integration management of the country's coasts, which is also stated on the website of the Port Authority, the length of the entire coast of the country is equal to is 5789 km, the construction of ports is necessary to facilitate the transit of goods.

    In line with this necessity and considering that the main structure in ports that enables the transfer of goods from the ship to the shore and vice versa is the dock marine structure, the purpose of this research is to investigate the construction of a type of marine structure called a dock with diaphragm walls [1] according to geotechnical data. According to the nature of these projects, which are mostly built on the coasts with a gentle and uniform slope and match the characteristics of the coasts of the Persian Gulf, in the area of ??Shahid Rajaei Bandar Abbas port, which is examined as an example, and the necessary conditions for the use of this structure are examined and the necessary arrangements for its implementation are presented. It is geotechnical. In the first chapter of this research, while presenting an introduction to the research and its necessity, as well as the research method, the general chapters of the research are discussed. is placed This survey was conducted using the results of field geotechnical tests and assuming the occurrence of an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 on the Richter scale and maximum acceleration (as a driving factor), the condition of the soil in the region has been evaluated in terms of psychrogenic potential. In the following, by using the relationships obtained by different scientists, a necessary criterion for evaluating the psychotropic potential has been obtained. In this case, if liquefaction occurs, by using one of the land improvement methods called dynamic compaction (which has a history in the projects carried out in the investigated area), the soil of the area is improved, and then by using field tests and comparing it with the basis provided to evaluate the potential of liquefaction, the implementation of the improvement operation has been measured.

    New aspect and research innovation

    Mastery of experts and graduates of marine structures on preliminary studies and how to evaluate data The geotechnical required for the design of diaphragm wharves, land reclamation and land improvement will greatly improve the knowledge and technology of the country's marine structures, especially since this type of wharf has a better match with the coasts of Iran in the south and even the north and is also economical.

    Methods and tools of information collection

    The data of the results mentioned in this research are the result of field tests recorded at the site of the research territory, which was conducted by the operator of the device. and the geotechnical expert is registered on site

  • Contents & References of Obtaining the necessary geotechnical data for the design of kiwall, land reclamation and land improvement in a part of Shahid Rajaei port.

    List:

    Introduction

    1

    Chapter One: Generalities

    1-1- Introduction ..

    3

    1-2- Importance and necessity of conducting research.

    4

    1-3- Purpose of research.

    4

    1-4- Territory Research:.

    4

    1-5- Research method:

    4

    1-6- New aspect and innovation of research.

    5

    1-7- Methods and tools of information gathering.

    5

    1-8- Information analysis method:.

    5

    Chapter two: Examining the theory of psychoanalysis with Paying attention to the earthquake triggering factor and land improvement methods to evaluate geotechnical information 2-1- Introduction 6 2-2 Investigating the formation of psychrosis phenomenon due to the earthquake provoking factor 7 2-3 Analyzing the causes of the use of psychrosis as an important phenomenon in the evaluation of geotechnical information 9

    2-3-1-Alaska earthquake 1347.

    11

    2-3-2-Kobe earthquake [1] (1374).

    12

    2-4- Consequences of the phenomenon of psychosis as a result of stimulating factors such as earthquakes.

    13

    2-4-1-General examination of the evidence related to the manifestation of the phenomenon Fluid flow for the evaluation of geotechnical information. 14 2-4-1-1-sand boiling. 14 2-4-1-2 flow rupture. 14 2-4-1-3 lateral rupture. 15

    2-4-1-4- Earth fluctuation.

    16

    2-4-1-5-Loss of bearing capacity.

    17

    2-4-1-6-Earth subsidence.

    18

    2-5- Land improvement as one of the solutions to reduce liquefaction potential in the region.

    19

    2-5-1-Methods for the improvement of the project construction site from the point of view of Van Imp et al.

    20

    2-5-2-Effective factors in choosing the appropriate method for soil improvement.

    21

    2-5-3- Different methods of land improvement using deep compaction in a dynamic method.

    21

    2-5-3-1- Compaction Explosive.

    21

    2-5-3-2-vibration compaction.

    23

    2-5-4-dynamic compaction.

    24

    2-6-Tests required to control soil improvement.

    24

    Chapter three: Review of past works

    3-1-Introduction..

    26

    3-2-The most effective factors in soil psychrization.

    26

    3-2-1-Knowledge of the factors mentioned in section 3-1 in brief.

    27

    3-3-Investigating the ability of fine-grained soils (clay and Sylt).

    32

    3-3-1-Chinese standard.

    32

    3-3-2-Andrew and Martin (2000) standard.

    33

    3-3-3-Said et al.'s 2003 standard.

    34

    3-4-Methods for assessing potential Fluidization.

    35

    3-4-1-Periodic stress method.

    36

    3-4-2-Periodic strain method.

    38

    3-4-2-1-Determination of periodic shear stress caused by an earthquake.

    38

    3-4-2-2-Determination of capacity Soil.

    40

    3-4-3-energy method.

    40

    3-4-3-1-method.

    43

    3-4-3-1-1-stimulation factor.

    44

    3-4-3-1-2-capacity factor.

    44

    3-4-3-1-3- Reliability factor.

    45

    3-5- General review of the presented methods.

    45

    Chapter four: Selection of the simplified stress method to evaluate geotechnical information and achieve the necessary criteria for diaphragm wall design

    4-1- Introduction..

    46

    4-2-Periodic stress coefficient.

    47

    4-3-Periodic resistance coefficient.

    49

    4-3-1- Calculation of resistance factor using the results of standard penetration number tests (Seyd and Idris method)

    51

    4-3-2-Calculation of CRR using the results of penetration test Cone (Robertson and Ride method) 2.

    57

    4-3-2-1-Example process of periodic resistance determination based on Yod et al.'s method.

    62

    4-4-Correction related to overhead stress for CRR7.5 obtained based on standard penetration and cone penetration tests

    63

    4-5-Confidence factor.

    64

    4-6-Analysis of the session related to psychosis.

    65

    4-7-Dynamic compression as one of the ways to improve in the case of psychosis.

    65

    4-7-1- Initial evaluation.

    65

    4-7-1-1-Studies Geotechnical.

    65

    4-7-2-Estimation of requirements

    66

    4-7-2-1-Required design based on standard penetration test.

    66

    4-7-2-2-Required design based on cone penetration test.

    67

    Chapter five: Evaluation of Shahid Rajaei Wharf Project construction and its structural system from a geotechnical point of view

    5-1-Introduction.

    69

    5-2-Study site.

    70

    5-3-Loading and deformation.

    73

    5-4-Seat.

    74

    5-4-1 Ship-to-shore crane.

    74

    5-4-2- Access roads.

    74

    5-4-3- Container storage area.

    74

    5-4-4-Rubber wheel gantry crane.

    78

    5-4-5-Construction:.

    78

    5-5- Design loads.

    78

    5-5-1-Container crane from sea to shore.

    78

    5-5-2- Rubber wheel gantry crane.

    78

    5-5-3- Cargo outside the cargo area.

    79

    5-5-4- Container loading area.

    79

    5-5-5- Construction.

    80

    5-5-6- Other loads.

    80

    5-6- Geotechnical information.

    80

    5-7- Necessity of ground reinforcement.

    84

    5-8- Assessment of liquefaction.

    85

    5-9- Determining the type of soil suspected of liquefaction.

    85

    5-10-Conclusion.

    86

    5-10-1-Evaluation of liquefaction potential using Syed and Idris method.

    86

    5-10-1-1- Borehole drilling and penetration test Standard.

    86

    5-10-2- Assessment of liquefaction potential using the Robertson and Ride method.

    87

    5-10-2-1- Cone penetration test.

    87

    5-10-3-Analysis of settlement in the investigated site.

    87

    5-10-4-Depth

    88

    5-10-5-Choosing dynamic tamping to improve the ground.

    90

    5-10-6- Area surface area before dynamic tamping.

    93

    5-10-7-Effect of falling weight on the ground.

    94

    5-10-8-Zoning of the area for hammering.

    94

    5-10-9-Dynamic hammering in the vicinity of the structure under construction.

    95

    5-10-10- Obtaining a comparative basis according to geotechnical tests.

    95

    5-11-Proposals.

    97

    5-11-1-Necessary preparations for compaction of the upper part.

    97

    5-11-2-Initial test level before pounding the area.

    98

    Resources.

    99

    Appendix A.

    104

    Appendix B.

    129

    Appendix P.

    154

    Appendix T.

    176

    Source:

    [1] - Jalali H, (1375). Shahid Beheshti University, Shahid Beheshti University, 1366-30 Khordad, Pages 5-39

    [2]-Litkohi S., (1371) "Dynamic compaction to prevent scouring and liquefaction in Al-Mahdi Bandar Abbas Aluminum Complex", Second International Seminar on Soil Mechanics and Engineering, November 3-5, 1371, Pages 87-106

    [3]-Deputy for Strategic Planning and Supervision of the President, (2013) "Guidelines for assessing soil liquefaction potential, its consequences and risk reduction methods", circular to executive bodies, consulting engineers and contractors, publication number 525

    [4]-Been, K., Jefferies, M. G., and Hachey, J. (1991), "The Critical State of Sands," Journal of Geotechnique, 41(3), pp. 365-381.

    [5]- Terzaghi, K. (1925), "Modern Conceptions Concerning Foundation Engineering," Journal of Contributions to soil mechanics, pp. 1-43.

    [6]-Casagrande, A. (1936), "Characteristics of Cohesionless Soils Affecting the Stability of Slopes and Earth Fills," Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp.  13-32.

    [7]-Seed, H. B. (1979), "Soil Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evaluation for Ground Level During Earthquake," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 105(2), pp. 201-255.

    [8]-Terzaghi, K., and Peck, R. B. (1948), Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 108.

    [9]-Poulos, S. J.

Obtaining the necessary geotechnical data for the design of kiwall, land reclamation and land improvement in a part of Shahid Rajaei port.