Comparing the relationship between leadership style and organizational climate with employee motivation in Press TV, One and Five channels of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Master's Thesis in Media Management

Abstract

In this research, we tried to investigate the relationship between leadership style and organizational climate with employee motivation in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Organization, and 384 people were selected as a sample through systematic sampling.

After examining the demographic information of the sample members and descriptive statistics of the research variables, the research hypotheses were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and finally using structural equations. Factor analysis and the valid partial least squares (PLS) model were presented to determine the type of relationship between research variables. The research results showed that there is a positive relationship between leadership style and employee motivation, leadership style and organizational climate, and organizational climate and employee motivation at a 5% significance level. Also, comparing the values ??of the correlation coefficients of leadership style variables and organizational climate with employee motivation in the broadcasting organization showed that the relationship between leadership style and employee motivation is stronger than the relationship between organizational climate and employee motivation. Among the three channels, the highest relationship between leadership style and organizational atmosphere belongs to channel one and then to Press TV.

Keywords: leadership style, organizational atmosphere, employee motivation, broadcasting organization

Chapter 1

Research overview

1-1 Introduction

In the section Currently, one of the dangerous cultural-media signs in the country is the loss of audiences who have turned to watching satellite channels in the era of easy access to communication. Satellite networks that are active outside the supervision of the Broadcasting Organization and the macro policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and are considered the most important competitors of domestic networks. Of course, this issue is not unique to our country, and naturally, every country prefers its nation to be the consumer of its own cultural productions, and even if it does not hinder the audience's access to these networks, in a serious competition with them, it tries to direct the audience's attention to those productions by increasing the quality and quantity of domestic productions. Due to the negligence and inadequacies in the two important sectors of education and universities in the field of cultural issues and the dominance of degree-oriented and score-based institutions on these two institutions, audio and video media currently play an extraordinary and unique role in creating and internalizing culture and civilization among the general public. This role in Iran is the responsibility of the Broadcasting Organization to help preserve and expand the Iranian-Islamic culture and civilization.

The human resources of any organization is the main factor in the life of that organization, and therefore human knowledge is necessary for its effective management. Great leaders do not lead systems, nor processes, nor technology, nor tasks, but they lead people, because human capitals are a potential competitive advantage that organizations must take appropriate and correct actions to turn them into a visible and actual force and grow and develop towards the organization's goals by increasing capacities and capabilities. Managers should use plans and programs for the effective employment of employees to prevent them from becoming invisible, which is the result of forming an organization of productive employees who feel that they are visible, paid attention to, valued and appreciated, which promotes productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and quality of services and optimal use of resources. Discussion and investigation regarding satisfying the needs of employees of the radio and television organization and encouraging factors and effectiveness. Most of the employees and creating a friendly and attractive environment for them in the organizational environment draws the attention of every person who cares about the future of this organization. Therefore, this question has always been raised for the author, why and how some cases have had a positive effect on the employees' attachment to work and raising their morale through creating motivation and satisfying the logical and reasonable needs of the employees. Why do some people remain active and motivated in the organization despite the same facilities and benefits, while others stay with all the problems? What is the effect of the free-spirited, autocratic or integrated leadership style of national media managers on improving the performance of employees and the creative and open organizational atmosphere? How to increase employee motivation? Knowing that employees have different needs can help managers understand why employee behavior is different in different networks.

The discussion and investigation regarding satisfying the needs of the employees of the broadcasting organization and the encouraging factors and the greater effectiveness of the employees and the creation of a friendly and attractive environment for them in the organizational environment draws the attention of every person who cares about the future of this organization, and therefore this question has always been raised for the author, why and how some cases through creating motivation and satisfying the logical and reasonable needs of employees have a positive effect on their attachment to work and raising their morale, or vice versa. As a result of lack of attention and weak management, to what extent has it affected the morale and motivation of people? Why do some people remain active and motivated in the organization despite the same facilities and benefits, while others stay with all the problems? What is the effect of the free-spirited, autocratic or integrated leadership style of national media managers on improving the performance of employees and the creative and open organizational atmosphere? How to increase employee motivation? Recognizing that employees follow different needs, can managers understand why the behavior of employees is different in different networks? Does a creative and open organizational atmosphere increase motivation?

Organizational success and effectiveness depend to a considerable extent on the knowledge of the organization, its factors, and the optimal use of organizational potential forces. Also, knowing the behavioral patterns in the organization and its relationship with different dimensions such as the organizational climate plays an important role in the optimal management of affairs.  Being aware of this, the present research has examined the relationship between leadership style and organizational atmosphere with the motivation of employees of the broadcasting organization.

In this chapter, the generalities of the research include the research problem, stating the importance and necessity of the problem, research questions, research objectives, and so on. It has been stated. 2-1 Statement of the problem The different levels of people's needs in organizations, the diversity and the way to satisfy these needs have gained a special importance and place in the current management. For a long time, the main reasons for human work and activity, the causes of behavioral differences of people compared to others, and the factors that determine the behavioral characteristics of people have been considered. In order to answer these types of questions, an important issue called motivation has been raised by the experts of organization and management science.

The results of many researches (Storm and David Keith, 1989: 53; Hersey and Blanchard, 1986: 26; J. Michael Lobov, 1994: 156 and.) in the last few decades in underdeveloped countries and the third world indicate the low success of motivation to work and Desire and lack of appetite for economic activity, production and feeling of hopelessness, feeling of impotence and pessimism about the future and the like among the potential workforce; especially young people and women.

Any organization, like a living organism, can continue its life and dynamism under favorable conditions. (Lavery [1], 2007: 3).  Therefore, in order to manage any organization, it should be studied and investigated from two dimensions, structural and behavioral, and these two aspects should be improved. In improving the structural dimension of the organization, one must know how the organization works and how to improve its performance and increase its efficiency and effectiveness. In order to improve and strengthen the behavioral aspect of the organization, one should also pay attention to the behavior of the people who work in this organization; Because the behavior of each of these people determines the behavior of the entire organization (Ployhart [2], 2006: 125)

The managers of each organization are considered a strategic factor in advancing the predetermined goals of that organization. Today, the leadership style of managers and the organizational atmosphere are among the topics that have attracted the attention of managers of organizations. The incompatibility of the leadership style with the organizational atmosphere that governs the organizations has caused a waste of energy and talent of the organization's employees, and instead of the production factors and human resources moving with a suitable and reasonable combination in the direction of realizing the organization's goals, they stop and waste human and physical capital. Therefore, the main question of the current research is that what is the relationship between leadership style and organizational atmosphere with employee motivation in the radio and television organization? In other words, does leadership style affect employee motivation? How?

3-1          The importance and necessity of research

The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Organization's focus on the quantitative development of radio and television networks in the last ten years and ignoring major issues such as the strategic management of human resources, improving organizational culture and the effects of motivational factors on improving the performance of employees, as well as neglecting the effects of a creative and open organizational atmosphere on the motivation of employees in leading media organizations, has led to the neglect of the qualitative development of these networks. The result of this is the addition of new television networks that fill their antennas with supply and repetitive programs (not production). The adoption of such a quantitative strategy by the organization should be considered a hasty reaction to the growing trend of establishing satellite television networks in recent years. A reaction that seems to have not been a suitable strategy in facing the growing trend of establishing satellite television channels, because the statistics in recent years not only do not report a decrease in the popularity of Persian-language satellite channels, but also indicate an increase in the number of viewers of satellite channels. It is noteworthy that out of more than one hundred Persian-language satellite channels, satellite audiences watch only 7 satellite channels more than 70% of the time. That is, only 7 satellite channels with 8 hours of programs per day (total of 56 hours of daily programs) have challenged our media system.