Investigating effective factors on the social capital of the Iranian police

Faculty of Administrative and Support Sciences and Techniques

Master's thesis in the field of management and human resources

Abstract

Social capital is the potential and actual sum that is the result of owning a durable network of institutionalized relationships between people and membership in a group to access the resources of that group. Today, the concept of social capital has become an important and important category in organizations in terms of its effects on improving organizational performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of social capital in police organizations, for this purpose, four factors were explained as five research hypotheses. These four factors were: the ability of the police; police advertisements; Police authority and knowledge-based police; The performance of the police.

This research is of an applied type, which is carried out in a descriptive survey method.  The statistical population of the current research includes all Fateb employees, from among whom 400 people were randomly selected and the required information was collected using a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. Then the collected data were analyzed through correlation and regression methods. The results show that among the research hypotheses, all 5 hypotheses were accepted. and a significant relationship between the ability of the police; police advertisements; The authority of the police and knowledge-based police and the improvement of social capital were reported.

Key words: social capital, police capability, police propaganda, police authority, knowledge-based police.

Chapter 1

General research

Introduction

Social capital should be evaluated as one of the important issues that after the project in the field of economic studies has reached other fields in a short period of time.  Today, this issue has become an independent debate that has its own experts. Social capital is a certain set of informal and formal values ??and norms that group members or citizens have with organizations and institutions of society through their cooperation, credibility and trust in each other's activities. In other words, social capital is a phenomenon that is the result of the influence of social institutions, human relations and norms on the quantity and quality of social interactions. Social capital is sometimes considered an individual's property. In that case, the emphasis is on extensive social networks and resources available to the individual, and in other cases, the quality of these relationships is addressed in the form of norms of trust and cooperation. Here, social capital is considered as total assets. (Tosali et al., 2014).

In the last two decades, social capital [1] as an intangible organizational asset has been the focus of those interested in organization and organizational management, this phenomenon can play a very effective role as a necessary, profitable and useful structure in understanding social relations between organizations and citizens in various situations. This phenomenon is based on customs, traditions, norms, and institutions that have been formed in a context of social relations between organizations and citizens, formally and informally, over the generations and have caused a kind of social supervision and control [2] based on the structure of socialization (Sharbatian, 2010). It is clear that one of the most important tendencies and human tendencies in natural life is the effort to achieve "stable security" [3]. In fact, such a tension has an inseparable connection with the essence of human existence, so that the preservation of the essence and preservation of the soul is considered one of the most basic desires of man in his natural life. In this connection, in order to fulfill this need and other biological needs, humans are forced to enter into various social relationships with each other. These relationships gradually prepare the foundations for the formation of a "human society" (Roshandel, 1374: 3). Today, in all civil societies, the "police" force[4] has been introduced as a structured organization, a force that maintains and guarantees public security at the community level, and "efficient management"[5] of the public security system of the community has been defined as its main task. In societies where the police will have a major and central contribution to the stable social order and security of that society; And this issue also shapes the most important performance of this organization, it makes a lot of efforts to improve and strengthen its level of intra-organizational, inter-organizational, extra-organizational and international cooperation in various ways (Nemati, 208: 1391).In societies where the police will have a major and central contribution to the stable social order and security of that society; And this issue also shapes the most important performance of this organization, it makes a lot of efforts to improve and strengthen its level of intra-organizational, inter-organizational, extra-organizational and international cooperation in various ways (Nemati, 2008: 2081391) Therefore, the important fact is that the survival and destruction of any organization depends on its effective interaction with the environment, and it is clear that the police organization cannot be exempted from this fact (Boed[6], 2009). In this connection, the social capital of the police organization plays a significant role in attracting environmental support, and the more the organization is present in a turbulent and dynamic environment, the more important these factors will be (Taqvi Hosseini, 2008).  

In short, this chapter deals with the generalities of the research and specifies the basics and direction of the research. First, we will explain the problem and the necessity of the research in detail. What questions are we trying to find answers to in this research? In the following, we will state the goals that we envision from conducting this research. Also, research elements that include hypotheses and research questions will be presented. After that, we will address the possible problems facing the research process and we will talk to some extent about the research method and information analysis methods. 1-2 Statement of the problem With the increase in the range of threatening risks, crimes, and violations, it becomes clear that the establishment of order and security at the community level cannot be achieved by the police organization alone. Also, regardless of the fact that the use of advanced facilities and technologies can help the police, the existence of various human, knowledge, financial, and equipment limitations; The need to take advantage of other methods, especially the assistance of popular institutions, and more importantly, the need for the sustainable participation of community members in maintaining their own security and the community's security, makes it even clearer. The readiness of community members for sustainable partnership with the police and their cooperation in providing security depends on various factors, among which "the amount of social capital of the police" is of particular importance (Shaygan, 2019). Because social capitals are social-structural resources that are considered as assets of organizations and facilitate their actions with their surrounding environment (Koleman, 2017: 464).  It seems that the police having social capital - which according to Stone [7] (2001) social capital is actually a network of social relationships that are created by norms of trust and reciprocity and lead to a mutual benefit - can be effective in the organizational communication of the police as well as interaction with the public.

Accordingly, strengthening social capital in the police field with major benefits such as creating trust and social security, participation in requested activities Police from citizens, strengthening social order [8], increasing social control, lowering crime rates, cleaning crime-prone neighborhoods and areas, increasing supervision of officers' performance, strengthening central knowledge and management knowledge, and so on. It can be in societies that move towards civilization; be accompanied Preservation and strengthening of social capital in all organizational fields is considered a valuable effort, so that the functions of this phenomenon can lead to a reduction in the exchange and communication costs of the police and society (Sharbatian, 2019). Therefore, in clearer terms, paying attention to the importance of police social capital can play an effective role in increasing the performance of police social security, the formation of stable security [9], and society's trust in the police. Based on this, it can be concluded that emphasizing the importance of police social capital for the society and the police organization focuses on the factors that increase the amount of social capital; And since the existence of insecurity, the threat of social damage, the lack of social order and control in the society will lead to the violation of human dignity, the withdrawal of social capital and the reduction of citizens' national determination to mistrust the police activities and the lack of comprehensive and sustainable participation with the police, it doubles the importance of addressing this issue and trying to find effective factors to increase the amount of social capital of the police.

Based on this, identifying the factors that affect the increase of the social capital of the police is presented as the main challenge of this study. The researcher is interested in conducting a scientific and practical study in order to find and present a set of factors that are meaningfully effective in improving the current level of police social capital. 

1-3 Necessity of conducting research

Improving social capital in the field of community-oriented police security, through continuous and sustainable strategies and capabilities in all dimensions, can be a suitable platform for monitoring, trust, socialization, preventing anomalies and social harms in order to maintain the order of society.