The effect of religious teachings on organizational citizen behavior in Kashan Municipality

Dissertation for Master's Degree

Management

Chapter One

Research Overview

Introduction

The change in the conditions of today's organizations has led to a change in the attitude towards human resources. In this situation, human power is introduced as the main capital of the organization and a unique competitive advantage, and as a result, employees have become the main operators of the work flow and partners of the organization. Therefore, today's managers, in addition to leadership skills, need to have employees with appropriate characteristics, and based on this, managers are always looking for the maximum use of their most important organizational capital, that is, human resources. In fact, it is this human force that can use other resources with its abilities.

What is certain is that doing work in organizational conditions, especially the relationship between managers and employees, is not free of friction, conflict and conflict. This issue is seen more in government organizations where the political aspects of behavior play a more colorful role. The gap between employees and managers often leads to a gap in its decisions and, as a result, implementation problems. (Tallis [1], 23:2009)

As a result, behavioral effects such as rumor spreading, conflict, work politics and underwork can take a lot of energy from the organization and increase costs. In such a situation, pay attention to issues such as improving performance, empowering human resources, self-control, commitment, work conscience, joint efforts, cooperation, creativity and so on. . . It will be unimportant and ultimately the organizational functions will be negatively affected. (Chavoshi, 2004:24)

Organizational citizenship behavior with a set of voluntary and informal behaviors will effectively improve the tasks and roles of the organization. (Apambom [2], 19:2004) Citizenship has been directed from believing in one's responsibilities in social issues and having positive and intrinsically communicative beliefs about cooperation with others to manage life, to the principle of rights that also includes social duties and obligations. The initial research that was done in the field of citizenship behavior was mostly to identify the responsibilities or behaviors that employees had in the organization, but it was often ignored. Although these behaviors were incompletely measured in traditional job performance evaluations or even sometimes neglected, they were effective in improving organizational effectiveness. And these rights are co-born with the creation of man and came into existence with his existence, because man is a being who has received his inherent dignity from his creator. (Mohved, 2008)

Although citizenship behaviors cannot be directly strengthened and are not rewarded by the organization, but studies show that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing it. (Karkmaz and Arpasi, 2008:682)

Organizational culture, with its potential, can have a great impact on the formation and dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors of employees, because culture provides norms for individuals. It creates that these norms lead to their behavior (Navar[4] and others, 2005:185)

Citizen behavior of the organization's employees is also not part of the norms and beliefs of the people of that organization.  Under this influence, the members of the society consider themselves obliged to observe the values, customs and principles of Islamic ethics. The rich and original culture of Islam teaches good morals and has many recommendations to improve human behavior. On the other hand, considering that organizational culture itself is influenced by social culture, therefore, individuals and employees under the influence of their social culture (Islamic culture) bring it into the organization in the form of their attitudes and behaviors.

Undoubtedly, the religious, moral and religious beliefs of Islam are among the effective elements in the formation of behaviors.

Undoubtedly, the religious, moral and religious beliefs of Islam are among the effective elements in the formation of appropriate behaviors and as a result, improving and improving the behavior of the organization's employees, as well as the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior.  Because, on the one hand, it guides thoughts and ideas, and on the other hand, it encourages correct behavior and actions in the organization. Therefore, the recognition of religious teachings in organizational culture and behavior, as a completely indigenous concept and its effect on organizational citizenship behavior, can be a topic that is lacking in recent studies. And the citizenship behavior of the employees was easily resolved by using religious teachings.

Currently, citizenship rights are one of the important legal topics, both at the domestic and international level. In this way, the present study and research seeks to answer the following question:

Do religious teachings affect the behavior of citizen organizations?

1-2 Necessity and importance of the subject

The concept of citizenship for both politicians and Social thinkers and implementers of cultural projects are important, because they all emphasize the responsibilities of the survival of political societies in view of the fact that each society nurtures special citizens with special characteristics according to its cultural and value contexts: and this guarantees the survival and continuity of social life and the level of development of each country (Hosseini, 2011: 21). These are values ??that are consistent and related to the nature and administrative methods of a democratic and participatory system and will be used as a means to cultivate a sense of belonging to society and having a purpose in life. Such education from the very beginning of childhood creates a kind of self-confidence and responsible behaviors from a social and moral point of view. In fact, the purpose of such education is to foster social and moral responsibility, social activism and political literacy. Delfroz, 1383)

According to Bolino and Thornley, "OCB" includes a variety of employee behaviors such as performing additional tasks, volunteering to help people at work, progressing in their profession and maintaining it, following the rules even when no one follows them, supporting employees, maintaining a positive attitude and tolerating discomfort at the workplace (Korkmaz and Arpasi, 2009). It defines the minimum structural and political rights of the individual in the society, on the other hand, it strengthens the awareness of the individual political and social rights of the people. It expands democracy and participation in the political-social-economic-religious fields. In a way, these trainings promote non-discrimination, equality and egalitarianism in enjoying life fields among the citizens. (Binstock et al., 2003; 361)

In the religion of Islam, and its citizenship rights, which has its effect in all fields, is the pure and complete idea of ??monotheism. From the point of view of Islam, not only is Almighty God the creator of the universe (monotheism in creation), but He alone and without any partner arranges the world (monotheism in creative lordship) and also establishes laws governing citizens and human societies (monotheism in legislative lordship) and the citizen is obliged to obey only His orders and laws (monotheism in servitude). So that he can be an exemplary citizen for the sake of excellence and guarantee his happiness in this world and the hereafter by following the citizenship rights established by the Holy Law. (Masbah Yazdi, 1388)

The development of a human being is fully realized when he lives in a healthy society that is in accordance with his dignity and personality. The rights of citizenship are very vital in order to create a balance in personality, peace of mind and avoid being abused and neglected by others. And it clarifies the legitimate and rightful choices, behavior, values ??and needs of humans. It doesn't matter what age and status people are, all people are valuable and respectable. Being aware of citizenship rights helps us to free ourselves from the old, restrictive and non-constructive ideas of our predecessors and lead a more productive, rational, and purposeful life. (Sharifi, 1378)

With the obligations he feels towards his norms (organizational citizen behavior), he performs behaviors beyond his official role and duties.