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The relationship between social capital and sustainable development of tourism in Abyaneh village

Number of pages: 141 File Format: word File Code: 31173
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Tourism - Tourism
Tags/Keywords: Rural management - Social capital - Sustainable development - Sustainable development of tourism - tourism - tourism - Tourism economy - Tourism in the village - Tourism management
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  • Summary of The relationship between social capital and sustainable development of tourism in Abyaneh village

    Master's thesis in the field of tourism management, planning and development

    Abstract:

    The rural environment is one of the most important assets of any region and is the reason for starting many leisure trips and one-day trips around the world. The formation of new types of tourism and changes in the forms of tourism supply and demand have increased its importance. This increase in demand in recent decades with the environmental and social cultural damage caused by the economic benefit and the effects of the presence of tourists in the vulnerable rural environment has led to an increasing attention to the issues of sustainable development in rural tourism.

    Given the importance of the issue of sustainable development of rural tourism in this research, we intend to see if it is possible to facilitate the achievement of sustainable tourism development by using the social capital among the residents of the village and reduce the costs necessary to achieve this goal.

    In this regard Abyaneh village was chosen for study as one of the destinations that has been widely welcomed by tourists in recent years, but unfortunately, due to the lack of a coherent plan for the sustainable development of tourism, it has witnessed the emergence of negative economic and cultural effects. According to the 2013 census, the statistical population was 294 people, of which 170 people were selected as available samples. The tool used in this research was a questionnaire and the questions were measured based on a 5-point Likert scale. To evaluate the research model, Lisrel and SPSS statistical software were used. Data analysis was done at two levels, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The research findings showed that there is the highest correlation between social capital cooperation index and sustainable development. In sum, from the analysis of research findings, it can be concluded that social capital has an effect on achieving sustainable tourism development.

    Key words: social capital[1], sustainable tourism development[2], Abyaneh village[3]

    Chapter 1:

    General research

    1-1-Introduction

    In this era Tourism and tourism economy is becoming one of the fastest growing industries in the world, a tool for creating national income, it is considered one of the main economic pillars of the world, as well as one of the concepts, forms and pillars of sustainable development. Identifying the potential impact of mass tourism and paying attention to the impact of tourism activities on the economy, environment and culture of tourist destinations (hosts) began (Choi [2], 2003, 7).  This trend continued in 1970 with the formation and emergence of the concept of green tourism, and it focused more on the protection of natural and cultural resources and other tourism resources on the permanent use of the current generation and future generations.

    In the discussion of social capital, societies in which social capital plays a role as a basic component have better progress and performance in sustainable tourism than other societies. Because social capital is the type of capital that is formed in connection with others, and as we know tourism is a service industry and people and their connections are the main players. Based on this, social capital by creating mutual trust and entanglement of people in human networks has improved human relations/people's adherence to social norms, as a result, in societies that have higher social capital, the amount of delinquency and social crimes has decreased as a result of increasing community security, which itself provides the basis for attracting tourists.

    2-1- Statement of the problem

    With the reduction of traditional rural industries [3] such as agriculture, mining, forestry during the past few decades, many rural communities needed alternative ways to strengthen their economic foundations. Therefore, rural communities sought to find industries to strengthen and diversify their economy. Rural tourism was recognized as one of the first industries that could contribute to the economic diversification of local communities.  Tourism development has always been associated with damage to the environment, and these damages can lead to the loss of resources and conflict of interest between different stakeholders.

    When the residents of the community participate in the planning process, the development of tourism is accepted by the local community. Various studies show that social capital affects the development of tourism. Among them, Yoon [4] (2009) has stated that most forms of social capital affect the attitude of residents and their level of support for the sustainable development of tourism. Macbeth et al.

    Also, previous researches that have been conducted in this field show that the good work and cooperation of residents in the host community are the first essential components of sustainable development. And over time, experiences have shown that a sustainable tourism industry cannot be created without the cooperation, support and participation of the local community (Chu and Jamal [6], 2009).

    Local social networks can also expand horizontally and vertically, and horizontal social networks are created in families and vertical social networks are created in organizations, regions and countries. A society that consists of strong horizontal social networks will have the necessary social capital to create new opportunities such as tourism development. Also, a society that has strong vertical social networks has a clearer and more open mentality towards tourism (Macbeth, 2004, 502-522).

    In this regard, the researcher intends to investigate the possibility of achieving sustainable development through strengthening the social capital of local community members. Because wherever there is a higher social capital, a higher level of performance can be expected.

    3-1- Importance and necessity of the topic

    Today, the sustainability paradigm in general and in the tourism industry in particular has become a global concern, and in the writing of tourism development, the concept of sustainability has become the main focus of scientific and academic discussions in the world. (Mason and van der Berg[7], 2002). The evidence and clues indicate that the development of tourism has moved from the common economy-oriented development to the sustainable social development (Choi, 2003, 7).

    The sustainable tourism approach examines tourism in the form of borders and establishes a triangular relationship between the host society and the guest society with the tourism industry (Figure 1-1) and aims to moderate the pressure and crisis between the sides of the triangle and establish a balance in the long term (Qadiri 1382, 135).

    As it can be seen, people are considered as one of the main pillars in relation to achieving sustainable development.

    Among the factors that play an important role in this direction is the amount of social capital among people. which is exploited today along with human, financial and economic capitals. This concept refers to the links and connections between members of a network as a valuable resource. By creating norms and mutual trust, it makes the goals of the members come true. (Alwani and Seyed Naqvi, 2011, 3)

    In the traditional views of management, the development of economic, physical and human capital played the most important role. But in today's age, for development, we need social capital more than we need economic, physical and human capital, because without this capital, the use of other capitals will not be done optimally. In a society that lacks sufficient social capital, other capitals are wasted. Therefore, the issue of social capital is considered as a central principle to achieve development and successful managers are considered to be able to achieve more social capital production and development in relation to the society (Alwani and Shirvani 1383, 16).

    The World Bank considers social capital as a phenomenon that is the result of the impact of social institutions, human relations and norms on the quantity and quality of social interactions, and the experiences of this organization have shown that this phenomenon has a great impact on the economy and The development of different countries.

  • Contents & References of The relationship between social capital and sustainable development of tourism in Abyaneh village

    List: Chapter 1: Generalities of the research Research

    1-2-4-1-main hypotheses

    2-2-4-1-sub-hypotheses

    5-1-research objectives

    6-1-general research method

    7-1-spatial domain of research community

    8-1-temporal domain of research

    9-1-methods of sampling and volume estimation Society

    10-1-Data collection methods and the tools used

    11-1-Data analysis methods

    12-1-Research obstacles and limitations

    13-1-Theoretical macro framework

    14-1 Road map

    15-1-Description of words and terms Research

    Chapter Two: Research Literature

    1-2- Introduction

    2-2- Part One: Social Capital

    1-2-2- History of Social Capital

    2-2-2- Nature of Social Capital

    3-2-2- Types of Social Capital

    1-3-2-2- Formal and informal social capital

    2-3-2-2- Dense and non-dense social capital

    3-3-2-2- Introspective and extroverted social capital

    4-3-2-2- Discrete and continuous social capital

    5-3-2-2- Chain social capital

    4-2-2- Micro levels and Macro social capital 5-2-2-Components of social capital 6-2-2- Sources of social capital Social

    2-8-2-2- The negative effects of social capital

    9-2-2- Theories of social capital

    1-9-2-2- James Coleman's theory of social capital

    2-9-2-2- Bourdieu's theory

    3-9-2-2- Robert D. Putnam's theory

    3-2- The second part: Development Sustainable tourism

    1-3-2-Dimensions of sustainable development

    2-3-2- Principles of sustainable tourism

    3-3-2-Dimensions of sustainable tourism

    4-2- Part three: The relationship between sustainable development of tourism and social capital

    5-2- Research background

    Chapter three: Research method

    1-3- Introduction

    2-3- Research method

    3-3- Statistical population and its characteristics

    4-3- Sample size and sampling method

    5-3- Independent and dependent research variables

    6-3- Research questions and hypotheses

    7-3- Data collection tool

    8-3- Allocation of questionnaire questions

    9-3- Validity and reliability of the data collection tool

    1-9-3- Questionnaire validity

    2-9-3- Questionnaire reliability

    1-2-9-3- Cronbach's alpha coefficient

    10-3- Data analysis method

    1-10-3- Simple linear regression test with software SPSS19

    2-10-3-first-order confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL8.8 software

    3-10-3-structural equation model analysis with LISREL8.8 software

    4-10-3-goodness of fit indices

    11-3-summary of the third chapter

    Chapter Fourth: Data analysis

     

    1-4-Introduction

    2-4-Descriptive

    1-2-4-Analysis of the community situation of the research respondents

    1-1-2-4-Gender

    2-1-2-4- Age

    3-1-2-4- Main activity

    4-1-2-4- Education

    5-1-2-4- Activity in the tourism sector

    6-1-2-4- Amount of income from tourism

    7-1-2-4- Type of activity in the tourism sector

    3-4- Inferential statistics

    1-3-4- Normality test of research variables

    2-3-4- The test of sub-hypotheses of the research using the simple linear regression method

    3-3-4- Ranking the relationships between independent and dependent variables of the research

    4-3-4- Confirmatory factor analysis of research items and indicators

    5-3-4- Share and rank of each index and their prioritization

    6-3-4- Equation modeling Structural

    7-3-4- Fitting the conceptual model of the research

    8-3-4- The conceptual model of the next research8

    4-10-3-Goodness of fit indices

    11-3-Summary of the third chapter

    Chapter four: data analysis

     

    1-4-Introduction

    2-4-Amarto-Safifi

    1-2-4-Analysis of the state of the respondent community Research

    1-1-2-4-gender

    2-1-2-4- age

    3-1-2-4-main activity

    4-1-2-4- education

    5-1-2-4- activity in the tourism sector

    6-1-2-4- amount of income from tourism

    7-1- 2-4- The type of activity in the tourism sector

    3-4- Inferential statistics

    1-3-4- The normality test of the research variables

    2-3-4- The test of the sub-hypotheses of the research using the simple linear regression method

    3-3-4- Ranking the relationships between the independent and dependent variables of the research

    4-3-4- Confirmatory factor analysis Research objects and indicators

    5-3-4- Share and ranking of each index and their prioritization

    6-3-4- Structural equation modeling

    7-3-4- Fitting the research conceptual model

    8-3-4- Research conceptual model after examination

    9-3-4- Response to the main research hypotheses based on the research method Structural Equations

     

    Chapter Five: Discussion and Conclusion

     

    1-5-Introduction

    2-5-Examining the results of hypotheses and statistical tests

    1-2-5-Part one: Results related to social capital in Abyaneh village

    2-2-5-Part two: Results related to sustainable development in the village Abyaneh

    3-2-5- The third part: Results related to the relationship between social capital and sustainable development

    3-5-Examination of the results of sub-hypotheses of the research

    4-5--Examination of the results of the main hypothesis

    5-5-Final conclusion

    6-5-Aspects of research innovation

    7-5-Limitations of the research

    5-8-Presenting suggestions to managers based on research findings

    5-9-Presenting suggestions for future research

    6-Resources

    7- Appendices

    1-7-Research questionnaires

    2-7-Output of SPSS and LISREL statistical software

    Source:

    Persian sources

    Schneider, Barbara. (1385). Social capital. Translated by Heydari, Daud. Social Science Development Journal, Vol. 29, 54-59.

    Alwani, Seyed Mehdi and Pirouz Bakht, M. (2006), Tourism Management Process, Tehran, Cultural Research, p. 107

    Alwani, Seyed Mehdi, Shirwani, Alireza. (1383). Social capital is the central principle of development. Tadbir Monthly, No. 147, 16.

    Alwani, Seyed Mehdi, Seyed Naqvi, Mir Ali (2001). Journal of Improvement and Transformation Management Studies, No. 33, p. 3

    Bourdieu, Pierre. (1381). Theory of action, translated by Mardiha, Morteza, Tehran: Naqshnegar page 32-45

    Baker, Vine. (1382). Management and social capital. Translated by Alwani, Seyyed Mehdi, Rabiei Farjin, Mohammad Reza. Tehran: Publications of Industrial Management Organization.

    Piran, Parviz and others. (1385). Conceptual foundation and conceptualization of social capital (with an emphasis on Iran's conditions), Social Welfare Research Quarterly, No. 23, pp. 44-9

    Tajbakhsh, Kian. (2004). Social capital, trust, democracy and development, Tehran: Shiraz Publications

    Ruknuddin Eftekhari, Abdul Reza and Esmail Qadri. (1381). The Role of Rural Tourism in Rural Development, Modares Quarterly, Volume 6, Number 2, Summer, Tarbiat Modares University

    Rizvani, Mohammad Reza (1388), Development of Rural Tourism (with Sustainable Tourism Approach), Tehran Side Publications

    Zahedi, Shams Al Sadat (1385), Basics of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism, Allameh Tabatabai University Publications, Tehran

    Sharifian Thani, Maryam and Maleki Saeedabadi, Amir. (1385). Social capital as a complex system, social welfare research quarterly, number 23, pp. 45-66. Ziyaei, Mahmoud. (1387). Sustainable development of tourism and its challenges in Iran, collection of articles, Allameh Tabatabai University, pp. 1 and 2

    Abdollahi, Mohammad and Mousavi, Mir Tahir. (1386). Social capital in Iran, current situation, future perspective and feasibility of transition. Scientific Research Quarterly of Social Welfare, 6th year, number 25, pp. 199-200

    Abdollahi, Mohammad and Mousavi, Mir Tahir, (2006). Social capital in Iran, the current situation, the future perspective and the feasibility of the transition, social welfare research quarterly, number 25, pp. 195-233

    Alambaz, Sotoudeh. (1388). Revitalization of dilapidated urban tissues focused on social capital, master's thesis, Shahid Beheshti University. pp. 16-29

    Fukuyama, Francis. (1379). The End of the Order, translated by Tavasli, Gholam Abbas. Tehran: Iranian Society.

    Firouzabadi, Seyed Ahmed and others. (1385). Social Capital and Social-Economic Development in Tehran Metropolis- Scientific Research Quarterly of Social Welfare, No. 23, pp. 173-197

    Karoubi, Mehdi. (1386). Ethnic culture, cultural capital and tourism industry, social welfare research quarterly, year 7, number 28.

    Coleman, James. (1386). Foundations of social theory, translated by Sabouri, Manouchehr. Tehran: Ney Publishing.

    Coleman, James. (1377). Foundations of social theory, translated by Sabouri, Manouchehr. Tehran, Nashrani.

    Mahmoudzadeh, Seyyed Mojtabi. (1390). The model of influence of social capital on organization performance, PhD thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University.

    Novabakhsh, Mehrdad. Fadavi, Jamila. (1387). Examining the dimensions of social capital and its role in urban development, Social Sciences Research Journal, second year, first issue.

The relationship between social capital and sustainable development of tourism in Abyaneh village
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