Investigating the relationship between organizational justice based on Islamic management and the motivation of employees of Kerman University of Applied Sciences in the academic year 1992-1991

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Management (M.A)

Trend: Educational Management

Abstract

Nowadays, due to the pervasive and comprehensive role of organizations in people's social life, the role of justice in organizations has become more obvious. Today's organizations are actually a miniature of the society and the realization of justice in them means the realization of justice at the level of society. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational justice based on Islamic management and motivation of employees of Kerman General University of Applied Sciences. In this research, 13 verses of the Holy Quran and 8 authentic hadiths were used. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research is all the employees of the Comprehensive University of Applied Sciences in the number of 53 people. Then the data has been analyzed using SPSS software, and the results show that there is a significant relationship between organizational justice based on Islamic management and employee motivation. Also, the results of the sub-hypotheses of the research indicate that there is a relationship between distributive justice, behavioral justice, transactional justice, and motivation. Keywords: organizational justice, Islamic management, motivation.

1-1- Introduction

One of the most fundamental concepts in human sciences is the concept of justice, the importance of which is not hidden from anyone. Throughout history, one of the basic wishes of man has been the implementation of justice and its realization in the society (Hosseinzadeh et al. 1386, 19). Justice is a concept that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Observing nature, the history of events and thinking in creation long ago made man realize that the world was not created in vain, it follows a purpose and an order rules over it. Man is also organized and targeted in this collection and is synchronized and compatible with it (Katouzian 2016, 34). Justice in its modern meaning and understanding is closely related to concepts such as freedom, brotherhood and equality. In fact, in many systems and institutions, they are judged on the basis of whether all its members have equal rights and whether the said institution guarantees its efficiency or not. In many current schools of thought, the realization of justice depends on the recognition of legitimate human rights and freedom (Golparvar 1385, 12). Justice is the oldest concept that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and considered it an ideal goal. For this reason, he has tried a lot to establish and realize it (Azimzadeh Ardabili, 2014, 5). According to Khwaja Nasir al-Din Tusi, Saadat consists of four types, which are called virtues: they were wisdom, courage, chastity, and justice (Mahmoudian 40, 1380). In justice, concepts such as fairness, merit and deservingness are raised. The formal principles of justice can be found in the idea that similar cases should be treated similarly and dissimilar cases should be treated differently. The expression of the issues of the Law of Protection of Equal Rights[1] and positive discrimination has always been discussed (Lauten[2], Farsi translation 2014, 70). Campbell[3] believes that justice is one of the basic terms of politics and ethics, which has a central role in all political and social theories with universal importance, and its global validity has led to the development of a diverse set of analyzes and practical plans, which makes it difficult to achieve a clear and precise definition about it. Therefore, it has caused many disagreements about the meaning of justice and the examples of just and unjust actions. In this regard, various human and divine schools and thoughts have proposed different solutions for its explanation and establishment. Most of the schools, theories and political systems have tried to put this principle and concept on the theoretical and practical side of their efforts and pretend to be attributed to it. The goal of all divine religions has been the realization of this principle. As the final religion, Islam has put the realization of justice at the top of its goals. The first definitions of justice are attributed to Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. One of the most important questions of Socrates was about the nature of justice. After Socrates, his student Plato in his most important work, Republic, called a discussion justice, which is the first and oldest discussion about justice in ancient political philosophy (Hosseinzadeh and others, 1386, 19).In the book of the Republic, Plato spoke of justice in a special way. In his opinion, justice is an ideal that only those educated in the lap of philosophy can achieve, and it cannot be achieved with the help of experience and sense (Qurbanian 2013, 54). The life and consistency of any social system depends on the existence of a strong bond between its constituent elements. This link is influenced by the degree of justice. Therefore, justice is considered as the factor of life and survival of social systems (Pourezat 1382, 12). Sometimes the concepts of justice and fairness in organizational environments are referred to as organizational justice [4]. If there is organizational justice in the organization, working with pleasure and with satisfaction and self-fulfillment on the one hand, and the progress of affairs and work flourishing and motivation on the other hand. Organizational justice is one of the underlying factors of motivation. Awareness of the issue of employee motivation, which is actually the search for the cause and reason for the movement and behavior of the organization's members and people, is absolutely necessary for every manager in the organization.

Exploring the issue of motivation is the answer to the reasons for human behavior.

Why does a person work in an organization? Why are some people very active and some less active? What is the reason for interest in work and disinterest in work? These questions and many others are all related to the topic of motivation and the answer to them is summed up in the motivation and motives of employees. Therefore, by being surrounded by the way employees are motivated and their motivations, managers can easily take steps to achieve the goals of the organization with the help of employees and be successful in performing their other duties as well (Alwani 1371, 10).

Managers can influence the thoughts, feelings and aspirations of employees under their supervision. These thoughts, feelings and desires motivate and guide behavior. In order for a manager to be more effective in his work, it is necessary to know the important internal factors in his work environment and to control these factors with scientific and humane methods for the benefit of the organization. In other words, in addition to controlling and guiding the behavior of employees, he must also manage and lead their motivation and the factors affecting work motivation (Saat Chi 1377, 35).

According to the definition of Seitz [5], "Motivation means the forces that cause people to behave in a certain way" (Moorhead and Griffin [6] 1377, 88).  

1-2-Statement of the problem

It is obvious that humans have a desire for social life. Many days of our lives are spent within social institutions such as schools, courts, conventions, and commerce (Coleman [7] 1993, 200). Therefore, in order to function actively in these institutions, a number of criteria for interpersonal relations and cooperation of people are needed. 

Today, human resources are called as the main capital of the organization, although it is thought that managing human resources is easier than the rest of the production resources, but without exaggeration, it must be said that attracting, maintaining and maintaining this great capital is a very difficult and exhausting task that few managers can easily handle. People usually pay an amount for their time, effort and taxes, and compared to social institutions, they give us the opportunity to enjoy various benefits. In general, researchers divide these benefits into two categories: economic and social (Cropanzano[8] and others 1993, 52). Economic benefits, which are also called utility benefits, are those that can provide a standard and comfortable life for themselves through the dignity of people. They tend to earn and accumulate money. Social interests refer to a person's social position in a group. In fact, the nature of social justice research is based on people's feedback regarding what they get. Social institutions are actually a source of economic and social benefits. How these benefits are distributed is one of the most important things in people's opinion. People's response and reaction to what they gain and what they lose is the main basis of social justice research. The way of distribution of these benefits is evaluated by the people working in those institutions, and this is where people's perception is formed as to whether this method and distributions are fair or unfair. This perception of justice allows people to evaluate the future behaviors and benefits they get. If organizations distribute rewards unfairly, then people will perceive that such unfair distribution will definitely happen in the future.