Examining the relationship between ethics, work and organizational intelligence; Considering the mediating variable of organizational citizenship behavior in administrative staff of Shiraz University

Master's Thesis in Industrial Management (Production and Operations)

Abstract:

Evaluation of the relationship between ethics and organizational intelligence; Considering the mediating variable of organizational citizenship behavior in the administrative staff of Shiraz University

Today's world is the world of organizations whose custodians are humans. Human power with its ability and potential, if well taken care of, can play an important and sensitive role in achieving economic development and growth. It is necessary to achieve this goal by paying attention to the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations by giving importance to the characteristics and characteristics of organizational behavior variables, including ethics and organizational intelligence in individuals and employees. The main purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between ethics and organizational intelligence, taking into account the mediating variable of organizational citizenship behavior.

The statistical population of the research includes all official administrative employees of Shiraz University (540 people). Sampling was done based on simple random method and using Cochran's formula. In order to measure the research variables, a questionnaire tool was used, which included 30 ethical questions, 25 organizational intelligence questions, and 10 organizational citizenship behavior questions. After collecting the data from the research, to determine the relationship between the variables, they were analyzed and analyzed by Lisrel statistical software.

The results of the research indicate that the variable of organizational citizenship behavior has a significant relationship with the variables of ethics and organizational intelligence. This means that with the increase of organizational citizenship behavior in ethical employees, as well as their organizational intelligence will also increase. By considering the variable of organizational citizenship behavior as a mediating variable between ethical and organizational intelligence variables, the indirect relationship of these variables is also confirmed. However, based on these results, the ethical and organizational intelligence variables do not have a significant relationship and the relationship between them is not confirmed. Therefore, a direct relationship between them is not conceivable.

Keywords: ethics, ethical worker, organizational intelligence, organizational citizenship behavior.

Chapter 1

Generalities of the research

Introduction

In a general view, the present research aims to examine the state of appropriate behaviors in the work environment that increases organizational efficiency and effectiveness; such as the appropriate degree of ethics, organizational intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior; Analyze the relationship between these behaviors. It is obvious that the recognition of such factors, which help the management in controlling and managing the organization's human resources, will accelerate the realization of organizational goals and subsequently social growth and development, and will not only be beneficial for the organization, but also for the society as a whole. The order of presentation of topics is such that the research problem and its importance and necessity are stated at the beginning; Then the goals, method, limitations, scope and hypotheses of the research are stated. At the end, the operational definitions of the research words are presented. 1-1) The research problem. Humans, as the best of God's creations, have different morals and character, such that not only do they have different morals in different environments and conditions, but they may also express different behaviors in the same environment. Man's mood is derived from his soul. Those creations that Hazrat Haq said in his description:

And we ask you from the soul, the word of the soul is from the command of the Lord, and we are the only ones from the knowledge except for a few [1]

(Surah Mubaraka Bani Israel, verse 85)

The soul Man is under the influence of various and complex conditions, many of which remain unknown according to God's words. But today it is evident that among the factors affecting the human soul are the features and environmental conditions, which with its change and transformation, the mood and subsequently the mental conditions and behavior of a person also undergo changes, and then the mood, or in other words, his behavior in any situation, is formed in a special way. While believing in man as one of the valuable resources, management is looking for a way to manage and cultivate this resource, in order to optimally use his God-given abilities; Therefore, managing a human being requires managing his behavior.

Islamic culture is always full of moral virtues, derived from the practical learnings and practices of the Prophet and Alawites.In the narrations from the Prophet of Islam and the Imams (peace be upon him) regarding work, its quantity and quality, as well as ethical and behavioral matters in the all-round relations of employees with each other, with their legal subordinates and superiors, it has been determined that by adhering to those orders, the fields of worldly and hereafter success will be provided. For example, Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (A.S.) in his letter 53 to Malik Ashtar, while giving management advice to his workers in the Islamic country, has always advised them to pay attention to and handle the affairs of the workforce and subordinates, and introduced them as the only success factors in the administration of the country, just as today, expert employees are mentioned as the only factors of competitive advantage. Hazrat Zain al-Abidin Imam Sajjad (a.s.) also in his treatise on rights; Sahifeh Sajjadieh has paid full attention to the quality of relationships between colleagues and managers with their employees.

Such issues, which are known today as human behavior management and attention to human resources, have gone through various and extensive experiences in recent decades and left many old principles and rules to the archives of history. Now, the classic rules of the past have given their place to new ideas related to these new and thoughtful topics and criteria that are used in societies. Ethical worker is one of the important aspects of culture in the organization and it goes towards becoming a part of an organization's strategy. Understanding the concept of ethics in general and in its specific meaning is the basis for creating and maintaining an ethical system in society and, accordingly, in organizations.

Humans in the individual and personality dimension have special moral characteristics that shape their thoughts, speech and behavior. It is possible that when the same people are placed in an organizational position and position, factors cause them to think, speak and behave differently from the individual dimension, and these human characteristics affect the level of efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. On the other hand, whether or not behaviors and performance are ethical can cause positive or negative consequences at the organization level (Tolaei, 1388: 14).

Besides the ethical person, another factor that causes the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization; It is organizational intelligence. In new organizations, instead of the power of the arm, the power of the mind rules and the effectiveness of the organizations depends on their knowledge. Therefore, improving organizational intelligence can improve the organization and increase the intelligence, productivity and evolution of the organization (Khosravi, 2019: 2). Increasing organizational intelligence makes organizations analyze the data of their environment faster and more accurately and save the obtained results in useful ways and make them available to decision makers at appropriate times (Zahrai and Rajaipour, 2010: 156). The category of voluntary efforts of employees in helping colleagues, customers and the survival of the organization; Behavior is called organizational citizenship. In this way, organizational citizenship behavior generally focuses on those behaviors that, although there is no compulsion on the part of the organization to perform them, benefits are created for the organization if they are performed by the employees (Tahri Demeneh; Zanjechi and Ghasemieh, 1390: 32).

In this context, the university, as one of the most important and effective centers for educating people in the society, should be able to observe ethical principles by considering the ethical worker in all fields, as well as the context of emergence and appropriate use It provides the information of the organization to increase the organizational intelligence and most importantly, it directs the behavior of its employees in the direction of appropriate and efficient voluntary behavior on their part and even goes to the point where such issues are institutionalized in the organization. Today's competitive world has not been unaffected in the academic environment. The effort of prestigious universities to attract students has made educational officials provide the necessary facilities in this regard. According to these issues, any center that can establish a more appropriate and better relationship with clients (accepted) will take a more effective step in the direction of recruitment policy. Therefore, the behavior of employees in the academic field will have a significant impact on the admission of students and even on the reputation of the relevant university. In addition to investigating the relationship between the issues raised, the main issue of this research is to measure the state of ethics, organizational intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior in Shiraz University.