Dissertation for Master's Degree in Public Administration
Abstract:
The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the employees of Tehran Daru Parseh Company. The statistical population of the research includes all the male and female employees of Daro Pasha company in Tehran. The number of employees of Daru Pasha company in different departments of this factory is estimated to be 1000 people. Sampling has been done in the form of systematic stratified sampling. 132 male employees and 50 female employees were selected as research samples. Amram's standard questionnaires of spiritual intelligence, Porter's organizational commitment, and Crack and Rock job satisfaction were used to collect information. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods have been used for data analysis. The results of the research show that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment of employees of Daro Parseh Tehran Company. In addition, the findings of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction of the employees of Tehran Pharmaceutical Company. Also, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction of employees of Daro Parseh Tehran Company. In addition to these findings, it was shown that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the spiritual intelligence and the organizational commitment of the employees of Daro Pasha, Tehran, with their job satisfaction.
Key words: organizational commitment, job satisfaction, spiritual intelligence, organizational behavior management, human resource management
Key Words: Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, spiritual intelligence, management, organizational behavior, human resource management
Chapter 1
Generalities of the research
Introduction:
All societies value certain skills and behaviors. Which talents each society honors depends on what needs and desires the society has for its survival and continuity. According to the majority of people, having intelligence is the ability to successfully compromise with cultural and environmental needs and demands.
What is certain is that intelligence is one of the most attractive psychological forces whose effects can be seen and seen in different amounts in different beings. The more evolved the organisms are and the more complex they are, the more advanced they will be in terms of intelligence.
For more than a hundred years, intelligence quotient (IQ) was considered a measure of individual intelligence. IQ test was the only indicator that showed a person's learning ability. In recent years, these tests have been discussed and challenged by scientific circles. But in recent years, the concept of spiritual intelligence has also been proposed as a new category in industrial and organizational psychology.
In the workplace, spiritual intelligence plays a more prominent role in having optimal performance than other capabilities such as cognitive intelligence or technical skills; Therefore, with the cultivation and development of spiritual intelligence and its capabilities, both the organization and the employees benefit from its benefits. Research shows that the importance of spiritual intelligence is increasing in order to improve the position of organizations and increase the job satisfaction of employees. Using IQ, can you predict which job is suitable for which person? While spiritual intelligence can be used to predict the path of progress, failure, or change in the moral and emotional spirit of employees. Therefore, in this research, the relationship between the variables of spiritual intelligence, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction among the employees of Darupakhsh Company is investigated.
Statement of the problem:
Among the factors that are taken into consideration by managers and officials in the survival of organizations, is the human resource factor. From a general point of view, the success of any organization depends on the effort and job satisfaction of the employees of that organization (Irannejad Vadigan, 2008). In the simplest definition, job satisfaction is a positive emotional feeling that is created in a person as a result of doing work. In other words, job satisfaction is positive feelings and attitudes that people have towards their jobs. If people are satisfied with their jobs, this situation makes them more motivated and interested in performing their duties. Therefore, many researchers believe that job satisfaction is strongly related to psychological factors (Mahdavi, 1389).
Organizations that can identify the factors that increase job satisfaction, by applying reliable policies and methods, will increase the quality and quantity of their personnel and ultimately lead to an increase in efficiency, productivity and job success (Maqemi, 2017).
The concept of job satisfaction is an important and valuable issue in human resource management. Job satisfaction is a set of feelings that each person has about his job. Zohar and Marshall (2010) concluded that job characteristics such as time pressure, job importance, autonomy, clarity and variety of tasks and individual characteristics such as coping methods, social support and work experience affect employee job satisfaction. In addition, Manus (2000) believes that the factor of spirituality and having spiritual intelligence can directly affect the job satisfaction of employees. By using spiritual intelligence, we solve problems according to the position, meaning and value of those problems. The intelligence with which we are able to give meaning and meaning to our work and activities and by using it to become aware of the meaning of our actions and to find out which of our actions and behaviors are more valid and which path in our life is higher and more excellent to make it the model of our life. Spiritual intelligence combines the concepts of spirituality and intelligence into a new structure and gives a person the opportunity to be sensitive to material and spiritual realities and pursue excellence every day in objects, places, relationships and roles. In addition, Genia and Purhovit (2006) believe that spiritual intelligence can increase the organizational commitment of employees. Organizational commitment is the positive or negative attitudes of people towards the whole organization (not the job) in which they work. In organizational commitment, a person has a strong sense of loyalty towards the organization and identifies himself through it (Meir, 2000).
According to Zoha and Marshall (2010), having a high organizational commitment can bring order to work and give employees the opportunity to provide their services to clients with more interest. This issue itself can increase the level of satisfaction of managers with the work and performance of employees. In fact, the satisfaction of the personnel is a function of various factors, which can be mentioned among the satisfaction of the function, behavior and ethics, order, cooperation with the personnel, accuracy in the work and the like among the employees. Due to the wide range of work and the variety of products, as well as the number of employees, Daru Pasha is considered the largest drug production unit in the country. Considering that medicines play a special role in providing health to patients in the society, it is necessary to try to produce these medicines in a correct and high-quality manner. Quality production in an industrial unit depends on the motivation and organizational commitment and high job satisfaction of the employees of that complex. Therefore, if Daru Pasha company can have employees who have high work spirit and effort and have high job satisfaction, we can hope that the products produced will also be of high quality. Meanwhile, the spiritual feelings and religious attitudes of employees have an impact on this issue. Considering this importance, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among the employees of Daro Pasha, Tehran, in the form of a scientific and coherent research. In this research, the relationship between spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among the employees of Darupakhsh Company is investigated. The variables of spiritual intelligence, organizational commitment and job satisfaction have been discussed, and this research can be considered as the first research in this field in Daru Farah Company. On the other hand, by conducting this research, we can hope that part of the theoretical gap and poverty in this field will be removed. Also, the findings of this research can help localize the results and make the studied subject more applicable in our country. Since problems such as reduced organizational commitment, and a drop in job satisfaction among some employees can be seen in the pharmaceutical company, this issue has caused a decrease in the efficiency and productivity of employees, leaving the organization and dissatisfaction of employees as well as managers, which has been obtained in the company's internal surveys and information on productivity and human morale, it is necessary to study this important issue in this research.