Modeling the relationship of regulatory parameters on the mechanical and dynamic properties of acrylic, polypropylene and polyester carpets and comparing them.

To receive a master's degree

Textile technology

Abstract

Knowing the physical and mechanical properties of carpets is essential to produce a quality product and maintain a good appearance. In this research, an attempt has been made to provide a model to determine the relationship between the different parameters of these characteristics. Therefore, to measure these characteristics, three types of acrylic, polypropylene, and polyester fibers were used, and 81 carpet samples were prepared with different parameters, including density, thread count, and pile height, and they were subjected to dynamic and static loads, and the amount of pile height reduction, reversibility, and resistance were measured. The statistical analysis of this research was carried out with SAS software and the results show that while all the tested variables have a significant effect on the pile height reduction behavior and its reversibility and resistance, the effect of the fiber type and pile height variables is particularly important. Keywords: ductility, physical and mechanical properties, static and dynamic force, pile height, carpet. Chapter 1: Introduction About Floor Coverings

Introduction

Today, carpet is seen as a floor covering in most homes. For Iranians, carpet is one of the unique effects. A number of Iranian hand-woven carpets are among the most outstanding works of art created by human hands. The name of the carpet is knotted. The house of an Iranian without a carpet looks soulless and empty, and this is a rare example of the connection of a nation with its national art. However, with these interpretations and considering the role of the beauty and effect of the carpet that we are in contact with in our daily life, the production of durable carpets and maintaining the proper appearance during the period of use is of particular importance. For this purpose, we should be fully aware of the physical characteristics of the carpet, which is constantly under the pressure of fixed and moving loads such as table and chair bases and walking on it, and by examining the smallest details, we should try to produce better quality products. Central Asia is coming back. Persian Pazyrik carpet is the oldest hand-woven carpet found in the world, which was discovered in Siberia and was woven in Iran during the Achaemenid period. Carpet weaving was introduced to Spain by the Moors in the 10th century. The Crusades brought Turkish carpets to Europe, where they were mostly hung on walls or placed on tables. Therefore, from the beginning of the acquaintance of the Europeans with the carpet, they looked at it as a work of art and not as a rug. After the expansion of trade in the 17th century, Iranian carpets were significantly introduced to Western Europe. Today, the main centers of carpet production and weaving are the countries of Iran, Pakistan, India, Turkey, North Africa, the Caucasus region, Nepal, Spain, Turkmenistan, and Tibet. It is a subfloor and floor covering. According to the above definition, concepts such as rugs, felt, zilo, machine and hand-woven carpets can be considered as carpets

Types of floor coverings

A: Pile floor coverings that are woven on wire. These floor coverings are produced on single-stage weaving machines where steel rods determine the height of the pile and are divided into Wilton two-ply and three-ply types.

B: Layered floor coverings that are created on weaving machines that can produce interlocking floor coverings

C: Axminster floor coverings that are created by placing successive and colored wefts so as to create a predetermined design

Technical specifications of the machine carpet

Carpet density: Each carpet board has two types of density (transverse and It is longitudinal).

Transverse density of the carpet: The number of roots (color nodes) in one meter of the width of the carpet, which is determined by the shoulder. Example: A carpet with 350 combs means that 350 roots (color knots) are woven in each meter of the width of the carpet. Common combs in the market are 220-250-280-320-350-380-400-440-500-700-1000 combs.

Longitudinal density of the carpet: The number of roots (color nodes) in one meter length of the carpet. Example: A carpet with a density of 500 means that 500 roots (color knots) are woven in one meter length of the carpet. Common longitudinal densities in the market are: 300-400-500-600-700-800-900-1000 rows. (Longitudinal density is different in different methods of machine carpet weaving).

The number of roots (color knots) in one square meter of carpet: the product of the number of knots in one meter of machine width by the number of knots in its length is equal to the number of roots in one square meter. Of course, the material of these three threads is usually different, but the same material is also used.

Color: Different colors are used to weave the knots, which are placed around the weft thread in the form of a knot or in a (U) shape, and different materials are used. The most common ones are acrylic, wool, polypropylene, and its mixture. Its spinning is an important factor in the durability and beauty of the carpet. This type of yarn is mostly used in acrylic carpets, and the same type of pile yarn (i.e. BCF yarn) is used for the weft yarn of polypropylene and BCF carpets because of its cheapness.

Features of fibers suitable for pile yarn

Uniform dyeability and very long-term durability

Resistance to environmental factors such as sunlight and .

High resistance to tearing (consistency, appropriate elongation)

Resistance to waterlogging

Antistatic properties

High gloss and desirable fibers

Long lifespan of fibers

Resilience of fibers

Getting dirty later and on the other hand cleaning fibers sooner Washing

Common threads used in machine carpets

A: Acrylic fibers

In general, acrylic fibers are prepared in the following ways

1-Ethylene oxidation: it is a classic method and has no industrial use

2-From acetylene: in order to prepare acrylonitrile, acetylene is mixed with hydrocyanic acid in the vicinity of water and Chlorosod is added as a catalyst.

3- Sohio method: In this method, the oxidation of propylene to acrolein is used to prepare acrylonitrile. It turns out that this compound has the ability to combine with another molecule of acrylonitrile due to its double bond, so it can be polymerized. B: Polypropylene fiber. The polypropylene molecule consists of a long chain of carbon atoms with branches of methyl groups. Polypropylene is the main part of the mixtures obtained from thermal and catalytic cracking processes in the oil industry. Polypropylene is similar to polyethylene in many cases, but it has lower thermal resistance and higher strength and hardness, and is overall better than polyethylene. Polypropylene was first produced for plastic use, but later it was offered in the form of staple fibers and multifilament threads.

Polyester fibers:

Synthetic fibers obtained from dimethyl terephthalic or terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol or from 1 and 4 in methylol cyclohexane or kodel, which are produced by melt spinning. The mass production of these fibers began in 1945. Among the characteristics of these fibers, density is 1.38 g/cm3, very high tear strength, good elasticity, abrasion resistance, very good optical stability, and high resistance to inorganic and organic acids. Polyester fibers are anti-wrinkle and felting and do not shrink, wash easily and dry quickly.