The effect of watching animation encouraging drawing on the drawings of preschool children - the practical title of the proverb "They made everyone useful" according to a chameleon with a long tail!

Academic Thesis in Master's Degree in Motion Picture Direction

Abstract

This research is an attempt to find answers to questions related to what effect watching cartoons encouraging drawing has on the drawings of preschool children and whether the production and distribution of such programs have been done to the required extent or not. Considering the interdisciplinary topic of this thesis, the point that has been considered in collecting the present material was to address the concepts and challenges of this topic from the perspective of art and animation. One of the acceptable and important things in the structure of animation is to consider the audience. Considering the artistic abilities of children in different age periods, a detailed analysis of the recognition of the child's audience and the relationship it establishes with different ways of opening animations has been carried out, and finally, with the implementation of a test conducted by the researcher and under standard conditions, the effects of animations encouraging drawing on preschool children's drawings in relation to six dependent variables of color, subject, frame, educational content, representation of shape and child's emphasis on The representation of these cases was carefully analyzed. The method of collecting information in this research was library, field and data analysis in quantitative and qualitative method and through manual diagrams and logical and rational arguments and accurate statistical calculations. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of preschool children's drawings from watching animation encouraging drawing, in four indicators of subject, color, shape representation and emphasis, and reject the effectiveness of these children's drawings in two indicators of frame and understanding of educational content.

Key words

Preschool children, television, educational animation, children's drawing, motivation, art education.

Introduction

Today's machine living conditions have deprived children of some of the blessings of the past periods, and on the other hand, they have been given much better welfare and educational conditions than the children of yesterday. One of the duties of the television media is to fill the void of the lack of possessions to some extent for children and to teach them how to use the valuable possessions of children in a subtle and effective way.           Considering the compatibility of the animation format with the mental structure of children, the production of animation programs in order to achieve the above-mentioned goals is very vital. As it seems, one of the functions of television is to use it for motivation and education. But understanding how television and animations can teach educational content to children or motivate them to address certain topics will be possible with approaches and studies aimed at knowing the children's audience. A method that will be very useful for children's program production teams is research known as stage research. The issues that are addressed in phased research are considered to be the most fundamental issues for the success of the efforts made. Among the issues is, do children like the content? Do they pay attention to the content? Do children understand desired and unwanted messages from the program?     Are these messages pleasant or unpleasant? Will watching these programs be useful for children? How can the content be changed to achieve the goals? The questions related to staged research neither contain theoretical questions nor ideal methods. But it will definitely reform television programs made for children. When the research of a stage is coordinated and combined with the work of skilled people and the proper advisory guidance of experts, the program made will be attractive and understandable for children. Investigating the relationship between watching animation and the motivation of drawing by children is an issue that has led to the formation and conclusion of this thesis. In this research, which consists of ten chapters, the author is looking for an analysis on the effect of watching drawing animations on preschool children's drawings. In the first chapter, why and how to choose the research topic and a background of related research will be presented. In the second chapter, it will be examined how motivation, education and learning are done, especially in children. The third chapter of this treatise deals with the methods and principles of teaching art to children. In the fourth chapter, the degree of understanding the audience, some points about children are stated, and specifically, the characteristics of preschool children in various areas of cognitive, social and moral development.In the fifth chapter, we will know the features of children's drawing in a wide way. In the sixth chapter, discussions about the media, television and how to establish a child's relationship with television will be presented. In the seventh chapter, we will find out the interest and passion of children in watching animation. In addition, we will get acquainted with the special effects of animation on children and find out the very broad commonalities between the mental world of children and the fantasy world of animation. In the eighth chapter, which is the most important part of this dissertation in terms of the importance of the subject, the implementation process and the results obtained from a test conducted by the researcher will be presented. In this section, we will deal exclusively with the effect of drawing animations on preschool children and answer the main and key questions of the research. Finally, the ninth chapter presents the results obtained from this research. The 10th chapter will provide a report on the practical part of the thesis in a completely separate form.

Chapter 1

Overview of the research

-1: The importance of the problem

There has been a lot of research on the effect of television programs on people, especially children, and also on children's drawing.

In recent years, psychologists have accepted drawing as a complex activity for children and along with this Acceptance is also realized that the painting process can have a dramatic effect on the finished image. During the process of creating a picture, children face issues such as planning, placing and aligning the components of the picture. Children's solutions to these problems can be considered subject to and influenced by their perceptual and functional tendencies. Only when all these factors are examined and considered, we can interpret children's drawings in terms of what they may expose to us from the world of their perceptions and feelings.

Art activities help the child to know others and make the child aware of his surroundings. In the meantime, children participate and exchange opinions and explain their opinions and realize the necessity of sharing efforts and cooperation. Drawing helps to freely express the child's thoughts and feelings and strengthens the child's creativity, initiative and sense of independence. Artistic activity helps to understand the contents and concepts and creates a sense of self-confidence and valuing oneself. The importance of dealing with art and especially children's painting can be investigated in different fields.

If a child's painting is analyzed carefully and taking into account his social facts, it is a very important tool for monitoring the process of development and social cognition, intellectual and emotional discomforts of the child and the causes of his incompatibility with society and stopping or slowing down the process of his development and progress. It can even be said that no experiment can fully reveal the intellectual and characteristic differences of different people like painting. Painting is also used to measure children's mental ability. In other words, "the existence of a child's life often appears in play or painting."[1]

From Piaget's point of view[2], painting is something between play and mental image through which the child represents his real world. [3]

The use of painting even includes children with physical deprivation, mental disabilities, and a disorder in adapting to the living environment. Painting is a very effective means of expression for retarded and nervous children. Gay[4] (2004) in clarifying the consequences that art education brings with it, states that art education is effective in different areas and focuses on the effects of art education in the three areas of values, morals, mental development and work skills, and mental and physical strengthening of people.[5]

Simon [6] (1996), art develops the child's skills to express ideas and feelings to others and can provide an opportunity for the child to express himself through what he creates. Also, since there is no right or wrong in what is created, art can be a source of success for a person. Art also promotes the growth of people's creativity. [7]

Eisner [8] (2002) believes that arts teach students that problems can have more than one solution and questions can have more than one answer. Through the arts, the concept is understood that good works can be done in different ways.