Master's Thesis (M.A)
Field of Visual Communication
Lorestan and Timreh are among the very rich regions of petroglyph art in Iran, where many collections have been identified. So far, no graphic and conceptual analysis has been done on these motifs. Among the most important things that have involved the researcher's mind: the motivation to record the motifs, the identity of the painters, the age of the motifs, the meaning of the motifs and the ability to use these motifs in today's art, especially visual communication. By traveling to some of the study areas, taking photos, designing motifs, and talking with expert professors, I investigated and analyzed the structure and content of the motifs. A table has been provided to separate the motifs from different aspects.
Key words: Dusheh, Hemian, Mirmalas, Timreh, petroglyphs_visual communication
Abstract:
Lorestan and Timreh among others There are very rich areas of petroglyph art in Iran, many collections of which have been identified. So far, no graphic and conceptual analysis has been done on these motifs. Among the most important things that have involved the researcher's mind are: the motivation to record the motifs, the identity of the painters, the age of the motifs, the meaning of the motifs, and the ability to use these motifs in today's art, especially visual communication. and by traveling to some of the study areas, taking photos, designing motifs, and discussing with expert professors, I examined and analyzed the structure and content of the motifs. A table is provided to separate the motifs from different aspects.
Key words: Dosheh, Hemian, Mirmalas, Timreh, rock painting_ visual communication
Introduction
Rock art has geographical dimensions. It is wide and has been obtained in many parts of the world. In terms of time, this art covers from the prehistoric era (Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze), history to the new centuries and is considered one of the most primitive human arts. Rock art is a general concept and work on rock as a platform and a means to convey concepts and messages. includes One of the special aspects of this art is lithography. In fact, petroglyphs are one of the most common and at the same time the most complex manifestations of rock art that have been identified so far. Petroglyphs and Pictographs are created in two ways, examples of both methods have been found in Iran. But the number of carvings has been reported to be much more than paintings.
Man will not live at any time without the history of his culture and civilization, and in order to understand more deeply what his current conditions have created, he must study the evolution of the life of his ancestors and examine the thoughts, opinions, myths, art, architecture and tools used by the predecessors and, in a sense, he has focused on the material and spiritual culture of the past.
Since art was initially It has been an integral part of human life, its initial flow can never be examined independently of various aspects of life. Hungry and wandering primitive man, why did he create art while trapped in a turbulent life before history? Undoubtedly, primitive man created works of art in parallel with his desperate efforts to survive in nature, and he benefited from this work. is In the Middle Zagros, there are remains of primitive human works of art on the rock walls and next to the stones, these works remain in the areas of present-day Lorestan, which is a part of historical and cultural Lorestan, and the Timre region. It is not possible to know the evolution of primitive man in these areas except from the works that have been left behind, for example, the artist from Lorestan once recorded a picture on the mountain wall and once proved his existence to the contemporaries by making bronze objects. The paintings of these rocks, which are the basis of prehistoric motifs, are mostly simple, with human and animal shapes and subjects.
The pictures on these rocks, which are the basis of prehistoric motifs, are mostly simple and human and animal shapes, and the subjects are hunting and war. In terms of technique, they are created by carving and painting, and all motifs are located in the open air. In principle, no accurate chronology has been done on these motifs, and no graphic and conceptual analysis has been done on the images.
But for the purpose of iconography, one should interpret these motifs with a comprehensive and at the same time detailed view. Petroglyphs can be analyzed from several aspects. Like the viewpoints that pay attention to anthropology and anthropology points, but the viewpoints that give artistic interpretations is the ultimate goal of this research.
I started my research in search of the questions raised, and I first found that the research in this case is possible by knowing the culture of the people of that period and the only source of that time is the images and objects left behind.
Chapter One
Generalities of the research
1-1 statement of the research problem
Throughout human history, humans have made efforts to increase their ability to receive and absorb information and communicate with their surroundings and other humans. Increasing the speed, clarity and variety in information transmission is also one of the factors desired by humans. In general, humans started communicating by using head and hand gestures and voice signals, and to convey their messages, they developed and perfected special tools such as music, dance, sign fires, and painting. The history of using images to convey messages, news and communication goes back to our time before human history and the paintings drawn on caves. Caves are the first human settlements and the beginning of recorded human history, because the paintings on rocks are the oldest works left by early humans. The significance of the mentioned motifs is that they are the first manifestations of the artistic and cultural taste of the cave-dwelling people of the study areas. This art gradually evolves and is passed on to the next generations, until in the first millennium BC, the manifestation of this old art, a special skill and evolution appears on Lorestan bronze objects, and in terms of technique and industry, it becomes world famous as a branch of metalwork art and named Lorestan bronze. This attention led to the identification of engraved petroglyphs on the walls of some caves and rocks in this mountainous land. Caves of Dusheh, Mir Melas, Hemian, and Chalgeh Shele in Lorestan, Golpaygan, Mahalat, and Dilijan. There are areas in Timre where petroglyphs have been identified and introduced. These ancient settlements are in fact a mirror of the life of early humans and their moods, rock carvings are among the unique works in the country that show the longevity and age of several thousand years of this land. People have lived in this land whose artistic paw prints on hard stones after thousands of years are still visible and express their thoughts thousands of years ago.
Most of these petroglyphs in Lorestan and Timreh regions are stylized and far from exact representation. The subjects of the petroglyphs are animals, humans and in some cases tools and signs. The theme of the scenes is often about hunting and war. Basically, the chronology is presented relatively and not very precisely for these works. 1-2 The importance of the research topic and the reasons for its selection Apart from the artistic importance of these motifs, it can be attributed to reasons such as: knowing the culture and thoughts of a land, familiarizing the new generation with the past thought and culture of their land, transferring these values ??and culture at the global level in terms of contributing to the culture of the global village. Thematic classification, A scientific and aesthetic research on all the petroglyphs that have been identified so far in the areas of Lorestan and Timreh, as well as a scientific (systematic) analysis of those petroglyphs for the use of these motifs in contemporary (graphic) art and their use in scientific texts and art history of Iran seemed necessary and useful.