Survey and approach of surrealism photography in a selection of contemporary graphic works - the practical title of designing 12 posters with social themes based on the expression of surrealism photography

Master's Thesis Abstract

The current thesis is a research about surrealism, not as an art style, but in terms of thought and philosophical, artistic perspective and the entry of this thought into the field of photography and its surrealistic application in contemporary graphics.

For this reason, a major part of the thesis examines and explains the philosophy of exaggeration and its role in photography and its application. It is dedicated in graphics.

From this art movement, it is always mentioned as one of the most popular art styles. Therefore, a detailed examination of the atmosphere governing the world of art in the contemporary era and parts of discourses related to photographic expression and narrative in photography was necessary. In this research, it has been tried, even as much as possible, to summarize the scattered materials in books, articles, magazines, publications and the opinions of expert professors in this field, in relation to the category of photographs and the capabilities of photography and photography. to be the framework of this research.

Given the great function of photographic images in creating graphic works, history and definitions related to the artistic styles that have played a role in the creation and development of photomontage, photography and photocollage have been presented, and since in most books, the Dada and Surreal movements in painting have been mentioned and there has not been much talk about their relationship with graphics, this research has led to the investigation of these movements and their effects in the field of graphics. They are discussed in the second chapter.

Key words: graphics, photography, photographic, surrealism, photomontage.

Preface

Man expresses his social character by fulfilling social obligations. An artist can perform his duties as a real artist by knowing the relationships between people and influencing their ideal relationships. Individual needs and social demands can be one of the main motivations for artistic activities and creation of works of art. Waking up and provoking positive or negative action in the viewer is part of the essence of art. Among the arts, graphic art is a tool that can affect the current issues of society, from artistic and cultural to political and economic, and this makes graphic art one of the most important visual media of its time.

In this regard, the importance of photographs and their montage is undeniable, each combination can be a new attitude and symbol of the world around the artist and give wider dimensions to the visual content of humans.

Images or It directly gives its message or indirectly targets the subconscious mind of people. In the age of digital media, images have found a special place in creating graphic works. In order to quickly convey concepts and penetrate public opinion and communicate with people, images and especially photos can be used as an effective tool in graphic works, especially social aspects, to raise political and social awareness, and as a result, society's progress, as well as help to solve society's problems and problems and improve public taste. and show his concepts visually and preserve knowledge in graphic form and give order and clarity to information. Various people such as scribes, printers and artists have fulfilled these needs throughout history. William Addison Gynz (William Addison Gynz), an outstanding book editor, used the term Graphic Designer (Graphic Designer) in 1922 to explain his activity as someone who gave structural order and visual form to printed messages, and since then the same name has been chosen for this new profession. But today, the graphic designer is the heir of prominent ancestors. Sumerian scribes who invented calligraphy, Egyptian artisans who combined words and images on papyrus leaves, Chinese printmakers and gilders of the Middle Ages, printers and typesetters of the 15th century who designed the first European printed books, are all part of the rich heritage and history of graphic design. But in general, the main founders of this tradition are unknown; Because the social value and aesthetic achievements of graphic designers, many of whom were innovative artists with high imagination and intelligence, are not sufficiently recognized. (B. Meggs; Frost; Nouri; 2014; p.. Megs; Frost; light 1384; p. 4)

"The word design in Persian language is translated and used as design. If the design has a different and wider concept. Design means structuring or organizing. It is to organize and organize the meaning or purpose by considering the possibilities, by understanding the priority of its components with the help of reason, logic and creativity for the understanding or consumption of the audience or a specific group; which is far from the meaning of design. Drawing is the last stage of design formation, which is used on paper to show thoughts and ideas. (Mothaghali, "Design", Artist's Career, No. 19, p. 2)

"Graphic design today has such a long life that its role in society can be easily examined and recognized. However, unlike architecture, literature or fine arts, graphic design has developed without relying on much theoretical thinking. In a gradual process, graphic design has become a conscious action in the form of scattered efforts in the expansion and development of its subspecies such as posters or books, but without the foundation of the existing theoretical apparatus in the field of literature or the current dialogue in the field of architecture. (Frascara, "Graphic Design: Fine Art or Social Science?", Artist's Profession, No. 19, p. 14)

"Since man decided to present a visual message and, in his opinion, used materials and materials that had specific and somewhat fixed concepts for his fellow species; Graphic art started and still continues to move in the same way with all the improvements and changes it has had. "Hundreds of paintings in the Chauvet cave, in the south of France, which were designed around thirty thousand years before Christ, Lascaux cave paintings, around fourteen thousand years before Christ, and many more of these cave painters in other parts of the world, which were also equipped with the appearance of writing, in three or four thousand years before Christ, are all clear signs of the history of graphics and related disciplines." (Wikipedia; May 30, 2012; 19:55)

"Visual communication has a long history. Ever since the early man hunted for food and saw animal paw marks in the mud, he was actually looking at a graphic form; He saw the animal in his mind. "Graphics can even be a set of signs." (Kerman province art district website; 9 February 2018)

"Design in its modern meaning has been formed in the West during the last 400 years. We have been dealing with this phenomenon for less than 100 years (in the old days, designer, artist and craftsman were one, and this separation of jobs has been slowly formed in recent centuries) and as a result, it is alien to us. (Mothaghali, "Design", Artist's Career, No. 19, p. 4)

"Poster in graphic design is considered as one of the symbols of development, so that a subject with economic content becomes a memorable subject with the help of image and writing. In the growing big cities of the 19th century, posters were considered signs of economic, social and cultural life, and there was always a competition to attract customers, sell more, attract people's attention and direct them to cultural affairs (types of entertainment, etc.). With the expansion of lithography and printing and the use of color, people's interest in posters increased. Illustration found a whole concept of writing that reflected the artistic fashion of the day, elegantly simplified images and economic, artistic and . reflected well. Before lithography, posters were printed like books with printed letters and with black ink and sometimes with images that were carved on wood, and it was the printer who selected and arranged the letters and placed them on the page. (Kerman Province Art District website; 9 February 1390)

"Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, who was one of the most prominent masters of poster art in the 19th century, has brought about valuable transformations in both the content and artistic style of posters. More than anything, it can be said that modern graphic art reached its peak in his posters, and in other words, Lautrec's works led to the birth of graphic art in posters. Lautrec abandoned the poetic and impressionistic style seen in the work of other poster makers and instead used the technique of Japanese prints with shallow and flat color surfaces to present his work. (Wikipedia; May 30, 2012; 19:55)

"Also, the beginning of the third millennium AD and the passing of the industrial age and entering the post-industrial (information) age, caused the design profession, which had passed a very fruitful century, to step into a completely new stage of its evolutionary process.