Examining the discourse of the film Party

Dissertation for M.A.

Abstract

The present research is a critical analysis of a socio-political film, called "Party". Discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary study trend that emerged from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, this tendency was soon welcomed as one of the qualitative methods in various fields of political science, social science, communication and critical linguistics. The movie Party is considered as an example of this socio-political discourse due to its discourse resulting from the component of ideology and power. This film, in the most honest way possible, tries to tell about a generation that does not consider itself dependent on any current and any political faction and acts independently. Since critical discourse analysis provides new and interesting ideas and tools to challenge political and social events, I have decided to choose this topic for research. The hypotheses of the research are that, by examining and analyzing the discourse of the film, it is possible to find out what meaningful signs have ruled this space, and also by examining and analyzing the discourse of this film, it is possible to find out what was the effect of these meaningful signs on the semantic system represented in the film. This research is a descriptive research, and the discourse method of Lacla and Moff is used. At the end of the research, hypothesis one was confirmed by analyzing the discourses, and it was found that the most important and prominent signifiers of meaning in this film are the signifiers of freedom, law, and justice, which have been discussed many times around these signifiers in the discourses of the film. Also, in response to the second question, it was found that this film was able to show these superior signifiers in an effective manner in the discourses and prove the legitimacy of freedom of speech. Slow down. The discourse of this film supports these signs in all the dialogues. The influence of democracy, law and justice can be seen in all the discourses.

1- Chapter 1 Generalities

1-1- Introduction

Discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary study trend; which has emerged from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s following extensive scientific-cognitive changes in fields such as anthropology, ethnography, micro-sociology, perceptual and social psychology, poetry, meanings and expression, linguistics, semiotics, and the course of social and human sciences fields interested in systematic studies of the structure, function, and process of speech and writing production. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, this tendency was soon welcomed as one of the qualitative methods in various fields of political, social, communication and critical linguistics. It was first used in 1952 in an article by the famous English linguist "Zelick Harris". Of course, in the period when Harris spoke about discourse analysis and used this term, he only paid attention to this category with a linguistic perspective. The entry of this debate into other scientific fields such as political science, sociology and communication, and in fact its departure from the monopoly of linguistics, goes back to the new era. During this period, discourse analysis was used as a critical analysis of discourse, and it was removed from being a scientific method for language analysis, and it was associated with schools and critical theories such as Frankfurt, feminism, etc. transplanted; To the extent that nowadays discourse analysis is synonymous with a critical perspective (Mirfakhrai, 2013, 6-7)

Among the thinkers who in the West brought such studies from sociolinguistics and critical linguistics to cultural, social and political studies and gave them a critical form, we can mention Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida and Michel Pechou. These thinkers, who further developed discourse analysis in the form of critical discourse analysis, were indebted to the Frankfurt critical school and its direct and indirect heirs (new Marxists, especially Gramsci and his followers, structuralists such as Althusser and researchers of the feminist school) in the 1960s. It should be noted that this postmodernist thought, which in fact outlines a complete method of the qualitative method, was proposed from the 1980s and especially in the last years of the 20th century as the latest and most extensive analysis method used in social sciences and communication and the latest achievement of human thought in explaining new concepts and meanings in the field of conversational language and written text (Farqani 1382, 60).

1-2- Statement of the problem

Since according to Michel Foucault, no text can be produced privately in any situation unless it depends on a source of power and authority.

1-2- Statement of the problem

Since according to Michel Foucault, no text is produced privately in any situation unless it depends on a source of power and authority. The movie Party made by Saman Moghadam is considered as an example of this socio-political discourse due to the discourse resulting from this element of ideology and power. The movie "Party" in the most honest way possible tries to tell about a generation that does not consider itself dependent on any current or any political faction, acts independently, has a different definition for the values ??that are only chanted in the stands and fights to protect it. This script was widely criticized. This film is related to the current of hidden aggressive reforms. For this reason, the analysis of this script was chosen to clear the ambiguities of criticism about this film.

In what social discourse was this film produced and how is this discourse space represented in the film, and in general how the theory of discourse analysis by Norman Fairclough and Michel Foucault and especially the theory of discourse by Lacla and Mouffe which is a framework for analyzing the socio-political discourse system provided, it can be used to explain social phenomena and cultural products and what is the role of power in the production of this discourse and how the discourse system that governs a society plays a role in the production of cultural products and thereby actually reproduces itself in the society. There has been no discussion in the field of cultural studies and the main goal of this research is to take an initial step in this direction. However, since discourse approaches have wide complexity and diversity and the field of culture covers large parts of society, the explanation of discourse analysis and its impact in the analysis of cultural events is certainly of particular importance; And since critical discourse analysis provides new and interesting ideas and tools to challenge political and social events, I have decided to choose this topic for research.

1-4-Research questions

Is it possible to find out by examining and analyzing the discourse of this film that meaningful signs ruled this space?

What was the effect of these meaningful signs on the semantic system represented in the film?

1-5-Research Hypotheses

By examining and analyzing the discourse of the film, it can be found that meaningful signs have been dominant in the political and social atmosphere.

By examining and analyzing the discourse of this film, it can be found that the impact of these meaningful signs on the semantic system represented in the film was positive. It is said to be an intellectual activity on a logical and organized basis.

Discourse is a process consisting of a set of partial intellectual activities and it is also said to be a set of speeches that revolves around a specific axis.

A discourse is a special language that everyone speaks with and uses it to take a position in front of others. is, the discourse is basically born from a will aimed at power and leads to the reproduction of power relations.

Discussion is formed and mastered by a set of discourses, of course, within the framework of power and specific discourse knowledge, and every discourse must be cast in its format to be understood and understood. Sometimes a discourse or speech is so strong and dominant that it prevents hearing the speech or understanding the meaning of the language. (Khormi, 2011)

Articulation

Articulation refers to the work of gathering various components and combining them into a new identity. (1391. Marafet Monthly, No. 105)

The central sign

    The central sign is a privileged sign around which other signs are integrated. (same)

Hegemony

Hegemony is a discourse based on the semantic coherence of other signifiers around the central signifier, if a discourse succeeds in bringing its intended signifiers closer to its discourse signifiers by relying on its central signifier, that discourse becomes hegemonic. But if the rival discourse can break the foundation of this semantic system with the help of different mechanisms and destroy the semantic structures formed in the collective mentality of the people, then this discourse will lose its hegemony. Therefore, the success of political groups depends on their ability to produce meaning