Dissertation for Master Degree (M.A)
Treatment: Illustration
Foreword
Illustration and the concepts of the images created in the book create an unbreakable and deep link with the text of the book for children and finally, a result is obtained that is very effective in teaching children. Illustrations for children are divided into two parts: fiction [1] and non-fiction [2], and scientific-educational illustration is included in the non-fiction section. This branch of illustration for children is one of the branches that is shown very poorly in Iran, if this category is very important for this age group and is effective in the development of children's science and knowledge.
By reading and at the same time seeing beautiful, attractive pictures of a scientific-educational book and its creative presentation method, children will become more enthusiastic and education will be more pleasant for them. Scientific-educational for children and despite the weak showing and underestimation of this part of illustration in Iran, I decided to compile this research.
Here, I need to express my utmost gratitude to the generous teachers who helped me during this study period. Also, to my dear parents who, while studying and presenting the project, made the conditions possible for me by providing the necessary facilities and never withheld their kindness. A writing, that the children of this border and land have not been deprived of this heritage. The evolution of children's literature in Iran, like any other country, is influenced by issues such as culture, society and so on. It has been placed and classified into different eras, which are briefly mentioned in this research.
"Folklore[3] and popular culture, just as it is the beginning of the emergence of all arts, is also the beginning of literature, especially children's literature. Lullabies, parables, children's songs, children's fables, adventure stories, epics, romances, and myths, all of which are the product of the imagination and thinking of people of different ages, form the foundation of children's literature" (Malekian, 2015, p. 139).
Many definitions have been provided for children's literature. In the book "Children's Literature" written by Ali Akbar Shaarinejad, it is stated: "Children's literature is a collection of works and writings (books and articles) prepared by expert authors for the free study of children, and in all of them, the taste and level of growth and maturity of children are considered" (Shaarinejad, 1364, p. 29). Banafsheh Hijazi also writes in the book "Children's Literature: Characteristics and Aspects": "Whatever is a legend, biography, scientific material, etc. Children's literature that is written and arranged artistically outside the direct curriculum and education is read" (Hijazi, 2004, p. 19).
In general, the goals of children's literature can be summarized in these cases: arousing children's taste and interest in learning about various issues of life, making use of free time, flourishing mental talent, getting to know the world and different cultures, preparing the child to know, love, the desire to continuously improve and create a habit of studying (Shaari). Nejad, 1364, p. 29; Ayman (Ahi), 1357, p. 3-4).
Therefore, children's literature is in reality an area that satisfies the emotional, psychological, cognitive and reasoning needs of the child. Considering the above, we can understand the role and importance of non-fiction books in the development of the child's thinking and personality and the development of his talents.
Inquisitive children are constantly faced with new questions and They have many unanswered questions that they want to answer. They try to know the world around them better, to find out the cause of natural phenomena. Curiosity like this causes them to start asking questions or search for the answers they want in different sources. This is where the need to know the types of non-fiction writings and how to choose and use them becomes clear. There was a time when scientific-informational books were not considered part of children's literature, because they thought that not only the art of writing was not used in their writing, but also that beauty and charm were not seen in their pictures.But today this opinion is not acceptable, as many non-fiction books (scientific-educational) have a lot of value in terms of writing style and in terms of illustrations.
According to the presented materials, I realized the importance of the presence of images in children's science books and it becomes important that beautiful and suitable images for books of this age group can sell even books with poor writing, and how many books with excellent literature and writing are overlooked due to the lack of good images.
The child finds a world in words and images that he can draw in his mind, adapt to reality and learn a lot from them. This point can be the basis for his artistic and aesthetic understanding, so that through it he gets to know the emotions and the world around him, understand the meanings and concepts and define his imagination. This world will be his guide to take a step towards new experiences.
In this way, illustration as an art of conveying concepts, in the form of characters and shapes, has a high place in children's books, and by breathing life into a picture of his own life, the illustrator gives rise to his experiences and his whole personality. :
Illustration is one of the branches of visual arts that sometimes expresses a narrative or story uniquely and creates an image using this literature, and sometimes expresses the educational role and transmission of written information with the help of images, such as the images that are designated for scientific-educational books. This branch of illustration is placed in the field of scientific-educational illustration, which has a very important and decisive role in recording concepts and visual documentation as a supplement for scientific-educational texts.
Scientific illustration can be changed according to each age group and according to the educational text, one of the most important age groups that needs correct education with the help of appropriate images is the age group of children. The child learns and needs education from the very beginning of life, and scientific illustration can help. May it be for correct education.
Considering the title of this research, this issue is always raised, considering that education as a context for the all-round development of a child plays a very important role in his upbringing, can the illustrator by creating suitable images consistent with the text, as well as having creative ideas and techniques in presentation, and the fact that generally science and art can not be mutually exclusive, can play a decisive role in improving the quality of children's educational quality? And are the publishing policies of Iran in the field of scientific-educational illustration and in order to express and understand scientific topics for the age group of children adopted correctly or not?
1-2 The importance of the research topic and the reasons for its selection:
Education plays a decisive and important role in improving the understanding of scientific concepts, and in line with this education, presenting a suitable image and consistent with the scientific-educational text will increase the effectiveness of this rationale. Considering the importance of group education The age of the child, the publishing policies of Iran (Soroush, school, center for the intellectual development of children and adolescents) will also become important in this age group. If these policies are adopted correctly, the effectiveness results will follow, such as increasing the number of audiences and a higher understanding of concepts for this age group. All age groups, especially the age group of children, whether in preschool or elementary school, are more effective for better understanding of scientific concepts, the illustrator is obliged to create images with the correct technique, tools, color and angle of view to have the greatest impact on the audience, taking into account the text and maintaining its scientific load. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of education with the help of visualization in the advancement of science and compare it with other educational methods. 1-4 research questions or hypotheses: 1-4-1 main questions: 1) Can the works printed in Iran visually communicate with the audience? 2) Is there a correct evaluation system for the performance of governmental and non-governmental institutions?
1-4-2 sub-questions:
Are publishing policies in line with improving the quality level of education?
Does an evaluation institution actually exist in Iran?
1-5 Research method:
The help of library and internet methods and observation and case study and analysis of images has been taken.