Yadgarban stand design in Tehran theater area

Academic Thesis for Master Degree

Industrial Design Field

Abstract

Vandalism is observed in all societies today. One of the examples of vandalism is writing memorials on historical and cultural monuments. The purpose of this research was to design urban furniture in order to prevent memorial writing on the wall of the theater in Tehran as a cultural monument. In other words, the goal was to design a memorial stand that would encourage people to write a memorial on it instead of on the wall. In order to obtain practical information for design, observation and photography of the wall of the city theater building was done. Among the photos, 416 inscriptions were identified and analyzed. The most frequent words used in souvenirs were names and surnames of people and the date of placing souvenirs. On the other hand, a questionnaire was answered by 35 people who were present in the theater area of ??the city and its results were analyzed. The results of studies and researches show a significant relationship between writing mementos with friends' encouragement, seeing other people's mementos, lack of supervision, creating a sense of immortality, expressing one's presence, recording a good moment with friends, and the desire to see my mementos in subsequent visits. Using the above findings and taking into consideration the incentive design approaches, design to change user behavior and fun design was carried out in the design phase and the final design was selected. Key words: memorial writing, vandalism, urban furniture, Tehran city theater Various historians have been tempted to register, sign and date of their visit to the work (Akhlaghi, 2012). According to the director of the legal office of the country's cultural heritage organization, engraving on works and buildings with cultural and historical values ??is considered a crime, and criminals are sentenced to imprisonment from one to 10 years in addition to compensation. This is despite the fact that dealing legally with all the criminals who destroy historical and cultural monuments by writing memorabilia and carvings is beyond the power of the cultural heritage organization or any other organization, and of course, most of the damage caused cannot be compensated (Lalami, 2013). With the expansion of the possibility of tourism in recent years, the phenomenon of recording souvenirs of tourists on historical and national monuments has increased, and the destruction of these monuments has emerged more than before (Nobukht, 2013). According to antiquities experts, the lack of culture and education in the field of preservation of historical and national monuments is the most important cause of this phenomenon (Modi, 2014). On the other hand, vandalism against ancient monuments can be due to the lack of internalization of the idea of ??giving importance to the historical monument as a symbol of national identity; A heritage that, with the internalization of cultural and artistic values, can be respected as a global aesthetic heritage for all tourists (Zandachi, 2012).

In order to reduce the possibility of destruction of these valuable works, one can use the knowledge of product design to change user behavior by applying the principles of fun design theory, incentive design, design to change user behavior as some theories of sustainable behavior (Montazeri, 2013). Designing furniture to record souvenirs, in addition to reducing the destruction that may occur in the future due to the expansion of the tourism industry; It can bring positive effects such as expanding social relationships, strengthening emotional connections between people, learning new issues and creating self-confidence through it, managing emotions (through separation and analysis of emotions), letting go of emotional feelings (leading to relaxation), stimulating memory (through creative processes), reviewing memories, taking advantage of the wisdom and knowledge of others, and finding goals in life (Farrokhi, 2016). The phenomenon of mnemonic writing on the wall of the theater in Tehran, a product in the field of urban furniture should be designed, which on the one hand will be a solution to respond to this need and on the other hand lead to the reduction of the destruction of this valuable national and cultural work.

2-1-Vandalism

Vandalsim is a derivative of the word Vandal, the name of an ethnic group of Germanic and Slavic peoples who lived in the 5th century AD. They were warlike and aggressive people who wanted to destroy and destroy different countries after attacking them. Therefore, vandalism is referred to as destructive behavior in pathology discussions (Mohsani Tabrizi, 2013). In this act, destruction is voluntary and does not benefit the agent (Moser, 1992). A behavior that, while having aspects of violence and destruction, has one of these elements: 1- Damage to things that belong to others. 2- Damage to public property. 3- In general, any damage that others have to compensate (Bessette, 1996; Cooper&Carolyn, 1997; Yavuz&Kuloglu, 2011; Tahmasabi, 2017). A crime that is considered a petty crime and is not easy to study, and in which property is the target rather than people (Buck et al., 2003).

Many researches show the effects of various factors on vandalism. Some believe that vandalism is caused by the incompatibility between the individual and the society. The incompatibility that comes from the feeling of injustice and oppression, failure, disruption in relationships and family conditions. (Sadiq Orei, 1387; Mohseni Tabrizi, 1379). Others consider it the result of the generation gap. A gap caused by differences in attitudes, ideas, beliefs and behaviors and patterns of different generations, the reasons for which should be sought in the physical and social aspects of the environment and the vandal's inducement. (Goldstein, 1997; Ahmadi Aliabadi, 1387; Sharbatian and Parvesh, 1392) in a research found the factors affecting vandalism as follows: learning aggressive behavior, social and economic status, socialization process, educational environments and life experiences, urban security, influence of the group on the individual, crises and life events. These factors are very helpful in choosing the design approach by the researcher. Social psychologist Philip Zimbardo, author of The Devil's Effect, shares his experiences about what makes people do wrong and how ordinary people can commit crimes. He believes that all those who are normal and honest people of the society will commit a crime if they are in a certain situation and are not trained to deal with it, and of course all of them start with a small crime that seems to be negligible (Zimbardo, 2007).  

Behavioral economist, Dan Ariely, in examining our morals, has presented some ideas that are the root of many behaviors that he calls predictable irrationality; Since vandalism is also considered as a criminal behavior that is not accepted by ethics and wisdom, the author has benefited from this analysis in order to investigate the causes of such criminal behavior. He considers a person who commits an unethical act (fraud and theft in his research) under the influence of two opposing forces. On the one hand, people want to feel good about themselves in the future; So they don't want to commit a crime. On the other hand, a person can commit a minor crime and still feel good about themselves. He introduces a level of crime that he thinks the perpetrator cannot cover up; While it can benefit from a small amount of it; As long as it doesn't destroy his good feeling about himself. Ariely calls this feeling the index of individual deception (Ariely, 2009).

Some researchers have gone further in their research and have achieved remarkable results. Mohseni Tabrizi (1374) found out that the amount of committing vandalism is different in different months of the year. Accordingly, the month of August witnesses the highest rate of vandalism due to the extreme heat, the closure of schools and universities, and the lack of facilities to fill free time. He, who investigated people between the ages of 15 and 25 in his research, has evaluated the amount of these behaviors decreasing at the end of summer. Since Tehran is a young city, one third of its population is under 15 years old, the high proportion of young people, along with disorderly urban planning and socioeconomic conditions, has turned Tehran into a society with high vandalism (Rezaee, Rao & Arbi, 2010). On the other hand, studies on the prevention of vandalism basically follow two perspectives (Roos, 1992). It is based on the effect of opportunities and possibilities in the occurrence of vandalism.

Persuasion point of view: This point of view expresses the effect of internal persuasion and the need of the wrongdoer in the occurrence of vandalism.