The role of air borders in the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Number of pages: 124 File Format: word File Code: 30870
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Geography - Urban Planning
  • Part of the Content
  • Contents & Resources
  • Summary of The role of air borders in the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran

    Academic Thesis for Master's Degree (M.A) Field: Geography / Political Orientation

    Abstract:

    Border refers to a spatial phenomenon that reflects the territory of political sovereignty of a state and according to specific rules against human movement, transfer of goods, dissemination of thoughts and so on. creates an obstacle. One of the important topics about international borders is the role and functions of different borders and, more importantly, knowing the different factors affecting them. Scholars and experts have listed different roles and functions for borders, including things such as separation, integration, conflict and communication, delimiting the area of ??exercising sovereignty and government power, shaping economic and political relations between governments, defense and economic barriers, etc. In international law, airways are corridors defined by countries, which are designated for the movement of airplanes on specific routes over the skies of a country. According to ICAO rules, transit planes can and should move within these air corridors that have a certain height and width and are marked on the map, but the air borders include the extension of the geographic borders of a country on the ground to the atmosphere, and their entry by commercial and non-commercial airplanes is subject to coordination and obtaining permission from the host government while respecting the security of the host country, so the air border is more important in geopolitical studies.

    The results of this thesis show that How can air borders transform the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran? Keywords: air borders, the role and function of air borders, geopolitical relations, the Islamic Republic of Iran. 1-1 Introduction: The air border refers to a spatial phenomenon that reflects the territory of political sovereignty of a state and according to specific rules against the movement of airplanes to transport people, goods, and publications. thoughts and creates an obstacle. One of the important topics about the air border is the role and functions of this border, and more importantly, knowing the different factors affecting it. Experts and experts have listed different roles and functions for the air border, which include things such as separation, integration, conflict and communication, delimiting the boundaries of the area of ??exercising sovereignty and government power, shaping economic and political relations between governments, defense and economic barrier, and so on. pointed in the airspace of each country. It seems that based on a new approach and a general attitude, the most important functions of the air border can be divided into two categories: defense-security and ceremonial-commercial functions.

    On the other hand, various geopolitical factors are effective for the role and function of the air border, which include things such as the political systems of the neighboring countries on both sides of the air border, the economic and social characteristics of the bordering countries, the relative position of the country and the type of strategic space dominating the region, the attitude and behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the air border. The economic impact of the optimal use of the air border, the political-military and economic pacts of bordering countries with trans-regional powers and so on. pointed out In this dissertation, an attempt has been made to review the function and role of the air border, the most important geopolitical factors affecting the security and communication function of this border, with an emphasis on the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Issue: Undoubtedly, the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran have caused Iran's air borders to be defined based on it, and indicators with the titles of security, safety, culture, economy, foreign policy, internal policy and so on. The first priorities of decision makers and decision makers will be regarding Iran's air borders.

    Iran's geographic location in Asia, the Middle East region, the world and the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran have reciprocally made air borders play an essential and strategic role in relations with the countries of the region and the world. A comprehensive look at Iran's presence in international forums and the goals defined by the Islamic system can include cultural, social, political and economic exchanges in addition to preserving the revolutionary identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

    It seems that based on a new approach and a general attitude, the most important functions of the border can be divided into two categories: defense-security functions and communication-commercial functions.

    On the other hand, various geopolitical factors affect the role and function of borders, which include things like the political systems of the neighboring countries on both sides of the border, the economic and social characteristics of the border dwellers, the relative position of the country and the type of strategic space dominating the region, the type of attitude and behavior of governments towards the border, reserves and natural resources in the border area, political-military agreements of bordering countries with extra-regional powers, and so on.

    In the research findings section, the operational variables of the thesis should include economic components (the role of airports and air corridors in creating economic added value, air transit and creating geopolitical affiliation in other countries in relation to Iran, etc.), political (air strategies and its impact on the geopolitical behavior of countries, etc.), and military (the role of Iran's geographical location in the air attacks of powers against other countries, including Afghanistan and Iraq, etc.).  In this regard, the role of air borders can be investigated in each of these fields.

    In this thesis, air borders are the independent variable and the relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran are the dependent variable.

    1-3 research problems:

    How can air borders transform the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran?

    1-4 Hypotheses:

    Hypothesis 1: Air borders can ensure the regional security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

    Hypothesis 2: Air borders can provide a platform for the export of the culture of the Islamic Revolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

    1-5 related records:

    The topic of the thesis entitled the role of air borders in the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran is a new topic and there is not much literature related to it. It seems that in the first stage, it is better to refer to the articles and books related to this topic, in this field, several books, including the book Polar Geostrategy and Space, the Fourth Dimension of Power, written by Dr. Nami of the Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces, and in the theoretical foundations, refer to the book by Dr. Hafez Nia entitled Principles and Basics of Geopolitics, the book by Dr. Ezzati and Dr. Zain al-Abidin, and refer to the fundamental concepts related to the topic of your research, including geopolitical position, geopolitical affiliation, competition, etc. define In this regard, international law books and ICAO website will also help a lot. 1-6 research objectives: Analyzing the role of air borders in the economic field. Explaining the role of air borders in political and international relations. Identifying the importance of air borders in the military and defense field.

    1-7 Research Necessity:

    The country of Iran is of special importance due to its potential geopolitical position in the region and being on the main route of the Southeast Asian airways towards Europe. In case of detailed and principled planning and determination of a clear vision of the future of the industry in the country and definition of its mission, the responsibility of various departments in charge of air transportation will be determined on a large scale. It is worth mentioning that in the current situation, time is a very important factor and if we don't pay attention and plan in time, we will practically lag behind the competition in the region and we will not have the opportunity to make up because our competitors in the region have determined specific plans and are seriously pursuing and implementing their plans, among others, we can mention the programs carried out in the form of the aviation communication network [1] in the region, which based on the planning, the country of Iran is not actually on the main route of this network. Obviously, once a procedure is established, it will be very difficult and sometimes impossible to change it. Or, for example, we can refer to the programs that Iran's neighboring countries have started in order to attract transit traffic to Europe. It is worth noting that in the past years, international organizations such as IATA have given warnings many times regarding the removal of flight obstacles and the creation of parallel and flexible air routes, but unfortunately no serious action has been taken in this regard, as a result of the opening of the Iraqi flight information zone and the actions taken by the northern countries of Iran, the flight pattern of the airlines in the region has undergone changes, and if there is no planning in this regard, the country will suffer irreparable losses in the coming years. became

  • Contents & References of The role of air borders in the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran

    List:

    Table of Contents

    Title Page Number

    Abstract 1

    Chapter 1 of the general research. 2

    1-1 Introduction. 3

    1-2 statement of the problem. 4

    1-3 research problem. 4

    1-4 hypotheses 4

    1-5 related records. 5

    1-6 research objectives. 5

    1-7 The necessity of research. 5

    1-8 research methods. 6

    1-9 study area. 7

    1-10 beneficiaries of research. 7

    1-11 words and concepts. 7

    1-12 research limitations. 7

    The second chapter of theoretical foundations of research. 8

    2-1 Introduction. 9

    2-2 Theoretical foundations. 9

    2-3 types of land border lines. 10

    2-4 maritime boundary lines. 10

    2-5 transportation: air, land, sea, railway travel. 13

    2-5-1 Traveling by air. 13

    2-5-2 Traveling by land. 13

    2-5-3 Traveling by sea. 14

    2-5-4 Traveling by rail. 14

    2-5-5 Other borders 14

    2-6 International border. 16

    2-6-1 The most important geopolitical factors affecting the functioning of international borders. 19

    2-6-1-1 The political systems of the neighboring countries on both sides of the border and the attitude of the neighboring countries towards each other 19

    2-6-1-2 Political-military agreements of bordering countries with extra-regional powers. 20

    2-6-1-3 types of attitude and behavior of governments towards the border. 23

    2-6-1-4 stability of instability in neighboring and border countries. 28

    2-7 Introduction to the Chicago Agreement. 30

    2-8 ICAO Charter. 31

    2-8-1 ICAO annexes. 32

    2-8-2 ICAO regions. 34

    2-9 Civil Aviation Law. 37

    2-10 research background. 38

    Chapter three research materials and methods and geographical features of the studied area. 40

    3-1 Introduction. 41

    3-2 Research implementation methods. 41

    3-2-1 research method. 43

    3-2-2 The statistical population of the research. 44

    3-2-3 statistical sample of research and determination of its volume. 44

    3-2-4 Information gathering methods and measurement tools. 45

    3-3 Iran's geographical and political borders. 45

    3-4 Iran's current political borders. 46

    5-3 Iran-Afghanistan border. 47

    3-6 common border between Iran and Pakistan. 52

    3-7 common border between Iran and Turkmenistan. 52

    3-8 The importance of the air border. 53

    3-9 tripartite alliance between IATA, ACI and CANSO to negotiate threats to the aviation industry in disputed areas. 56

    3-9-1 Growing trend of passenger and cargo traffic in May. 56

    3-10 review of annexes 58

    3-11 review of Iranian border aerial maps. 59

    3-12 Creating software subsystems. 71

    The fourth chapter of research findings. 74

    4-1 Introduction. 75

    4-2 Identification of factors affecting air traffic management in the country. 75

    4-3 Coordinated and integrated planning of air traffic affairs in the country. 79

    4-4 Planning regarding issues related to air routes. 81

    4-5 Designing, developing and implementing a comprehensive flight time planning system. 81

    4-6 operational basic indicators of the country's air transportation industry. 83

    4-6-1 Statistics collected from international organizations and institutions. 85

    4-7 International Civil Aviation Organization. 85

    8-4 ICAO forecast of passenger traffic in different regions of the world. 86

    4-9 Middle Eastern air traffic. 87

    4-10 International Association of Airports 89

    4-11 transit flight statistics and total flights between the years 68 and 92. 91

    Chapter 5 evaluation of hypotheses, conclusions and suggestions 92

    5-1 Introduction. 93

    5-2 analysis of passenger movement in all airports 94

    5-3 analysis of cargo and postal product movement in all airports 95

    5-4 analysis of the amount of imported and exported goods through airlines. 96

    5-5 Analysis of the number of domestic and international flights. 97

    5-6 Analysis of the number of air traffic in the Middle East by different regions. 98

    5-7 Analysis of International Association of Airports statistics 98

    5-8 Conclusion. 98

    5-9 thesis proposals. 105

    Resources. 109

    Abstract 112

    List109

    Abstract 112

    List of charts

    Title

    Page number

    Chart 2-1 Model of the influence of geopolitical factors on the functioning of borders (Source: Zarkani, 1386: 186) 18

    Chart 2-2 Important producers of opium the world 24

    Chart 2-3 Opium cultivation and production in Afghanistan in four different historical periods 1990-2007. 25

    Chart 2-4 Imbalance in development indicators in border provinces of the country. 26

    Chart 4-1 The trend of changes in landing and takeoff of various flights from 1377 to 1385. 76

    Chart 4-2 Changes in oil prices and GDP per capita in Middle Eastern countries. 85

    Chart 4-3 Middle East air traffic by different regions for the period from 1997 to 2007. 88

    Chart 4-4 International Association of Airports forecast about the passenger traffic of the whole world 89

    Chart 4-5 transit flight statistics and total flights between the years (68-92) over Tehran FIR. 91

    Chart 5-1 The process of moving passengers from 1354 to 1391. 95

    Chart 5-2 Status of cargo and postal items moved in the air transport sector. 96

    Chart 5-3 The amount of goods imported into the country and exported from it by airplanes 96

    Chart 5-4 A view of the total number of flights made in the country from 1355 to 1389. 97

    Chart 5-5 The number of military zones. 106

    Chart 5-6 of the division of regions. 107

    Chart 5-7 of the division of prohibited areas. 107

    Source:

    Akhlaghi, Behrouz, textbook, Air Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences Publications, University of Tehran.

    Aftakhari, Asghar (1378); The natural security capacity of strength and violence in Iran; Management Studies Quarterly Number 5 and 6, Fall and Winter

    Bahramian, Hamid Reza, Identifying the factors influencing air traffic management in the country, 5th National Congress of Civil Engineering, 14

    Prescott (1359); New trends in political geography; Translated by Dera Mir Haidar; Tehran: Tehran University Publications

    Website http://www.flightradar24.com/13.08,79.8/4

    Kishor Airport Specialized Parent Company Website http://www.airport.ir

    Jabari, Mansour, 1381, International Aviation Law, Tehran Farozesh

    Hafiz Niya, Mohammad Ramza (1381); Political geography of Iran; Tehran: Samit Publications.

    Hafez Nia, Mohammad Reza (1379); Basics of political-social studies; The second volume, Qom: The organization of seminaries and religious schools abroad. Khataei, Gholam Hossein (1374); border guard; first edition; Tehran: Naja Education Department.

    In Isdel, Alasdeer and H Blake, Gerald (1374); Political geography of the Middle East and North Africa; translated by Dera Mir Haydar; Tehran: Publications of the Office of Political and International Studies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

    Rahmati Rad, Mohammad Hossein (1374); Border Guard, Passport and Foreign Nationals; Vol. 1, Tehran: Naja Education Department. An introduction to the recognition of international borders, Tehran: Publications of the University of Police Sciences. An analysis of the security function of the eastern border; Master's thesis in the field of political geography; Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University.

    Zarkani, Seyyed Hadi (2006); Factors affecting border security with an emphasis on the eastern border of Iran and Afghanistan; Journal of Geographical Sciences; First issue, Mashhad: Islamic Azad University. Geopolitical factors affecting the role and function of borders with an emphasis on Iran's borders, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publications. Safavi, Hassan, International Air and Space Law (Tehran: Publishing House, 1362). Alinqi, Amir Hossein (1378); data of imbalance in Iranian society; Border Provinces, Management Studies Quarterly, 5th and 6th issues, Autumn and Winter. Andalib, Alireza (2010); The basic theory and principles of the border areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Tehran: Faculty of Command and Headquarters of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

    Qawam, Seyyed Abdul Ali (2013); Principles of foreign policy and international policy; Tehran: Samit Publications

    Quaidel, Mehdi (1383); Israel's view of Afghanistan after September 11; Asia book (especially Afghanistan after the Taliban); Tehran: Publications of Contemporary Iran Institute.

The role of air borders in the geopolitical relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran