Integration of satellite images and GIS information to prepare land form map, tides and 3D model

Number of pages: 97 File Format: word File Code: 30865
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Geography - Urban Planning
Tags/Keywords: 3D model - Jask - Landform - Satellite data
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    Letter for Master's Degree in Remote Sensing and GIS

    Abstract

    Using remote sensing data leads to comprehensive knowledge and investigation of geographic areas in a short period of time and at low cost. The use of satellite data analysis techniques leads to the optimal use of these data in order to know the study area and the geographical phenomena and complications in it as fully as possible.  The coastal region as a geographical area with relatively dynamic nature has special economic, commercial, recreational and in some cases strategic conditions. . Optimum exploitation of the environmental facilities of these areas requires knowing their different characteristics. Jask region is one of the deprived and developing coastal regions, knowing its geomorphology using landform map and 3D model can lead to better planning and management in the development and development of the region in the future. In this research, the landform map and 3D model of Jask coastal area have been prepared using Landsat, Aster satellite images and Cartosat 1 stereo pair images. In the preparation of the landform map, the techniques of color combinations (RGB) were used in different bands to highlight the general characteristics of the area in the form of visual interpretation. Complications were classified by using supervised and unsupervised classification methods.  High pass filter was used to determine the roads. Here, by calculating NDVI, the greenness of the vegetation was obtained. And by mosaicing Landsat images in two different times, coastal tide maps and coastal regulatory zone (CRZ) were prepared. Finally, using a combination of the above, a landform map was prepared. Next, the DEM of the area was prepared using a pair of Cartosat1 satellite images and the Ortho Engine tool of PCI Geomatica software. The error of the extracted DEMs was estimated to be one pixel. After extracting the DEM using the light shadow method in the form of topography, the landform of the region was added as a layer to the prepared map.

    Key words: satellite data, JASK, landform, 3D model

    Introduction

    Recognizing the shape, natural and artificial features of the earth in an integrated manner in a wide area, although it has been of interest to humans and especially researchers in this field for a long time, but in order to do this, it is time-consuming and costly. They were increasing. Today, this recognition will not be possible in a short period of time and cost-effectively, except through remote sensing data. The landform map shows the different forms of the earth's surface and the contributing and effective processes in its formation. Preparing a landform map on one hand and a 3D model with good quality on the other hand will lead to this knowledge in the best way.

    Types of geological satellites with different gauges and capabilities have been launched into space since 1943. Land study analysts will achieve their predetermined goals by using these data and field studies and using the existing geographic information system. In fact, it can be said that a combination of remote sensing science, field studies and geographic information system will be among the inseparable tools and methods needed by earth studies researchers. As mentioned, the remote sensing data of different satellites have different capabilities, from ground resolution to spectral, radiometric, temporal and of course altitude resolution. The techniques used to analyze satellite data and optimal use of these data and of course accessible data are called remote sensing techniques. Various satellite data analysis methods are available, both pre-processing and post-processing, which the researcher will use according to his predetermined goal.

    In this study, with a complete presentation of satellite data analysis methods, the preparation of the landform and tide map and the three-dimensional model of the coastal city of Jask will be discussed. The satellite data that will be used in this research will be Landsat data, Ester data and Stereo Cartost 1 images. A case study on the coastal city of Jask actually includes from the mouth of Jask to a distance of 50 kilometers west of it and from this distance to a depth of approximately 50 kilometers in the north.

    Jask region is one of the deprived and developing coastal regions, and knowing its geomorphology at the beginning using the preparation of a landform map and 3D model can lead to better planning and management in the development and development of the region in the future.

    In the first chapter of this research, the generalities of the research are discussed, including the statement of the problem, research questions, hypotheses, goals and research method. In the second chapter, an overview of domestic and foreign studies conducted in this field is given, and a summary of the research method, results, along with the merits and demerits of these studies are included. The third chapter includes materials and methods. In this chapter, with a brief explanation of the studied area, the features and characteristics of the satellite data used in this research, and of course, briefly, the features and characteristics of the available satellite data, and a complete explanation of the types of satellite data analysis methods in the preparation of landform maps, tides, and 3D models are discussed. In the fourth chapter, data analysis is done, and the landform map, tides and 3D model are prepared. The fifth chapter includes the statement of results and suggestions. It is hoped that the present study will be fruitful and useful in moving forward for the advancement of research in this field. 1-1 Introduction In this chapter, general issues such as statement of the problem, main research questions, purpose of research, research hypotheses, research methods, the necessity of using RS, GIS, GPS, etc. are discussed. It should be noted that the issues that are discussed in this chapter include the areas that were discussed in the oral presentation of the subject plan for approval, and it is tried to achieve the set goals in the continuation of the research. 1-2 statement of the problem The landform map shows the different forms of the land surface and the processes that contribute and are effective in its formation and its preparation in coastal areas, generally within the coastal legal boundaries. (CRZ) included. According to the definition of the Ministry of Environment and Forests of India, this range includes lands 500 meters from the highest tide line to the land and the lands between the lowest tide line and the highest tide line. Considering that this area includes the border between the land and the sea, the water currents, especially the sea tides, will leave certain landforms in these areas. Better management in terms of industrial, commercial, residential, environmental, world tourism, tourism, etc. Preparation of a landform map in the legal coastal area on the one hand and preparation of a 3D model of the city with optimal resolution in an area beyond the legal coastal area will lead to an accurate and real understanding of natural and artificial effects, which will be very fruitful in both military and industrial areas to achieve their goals. Prepared an existing description. In this project, the landform map of the Jask region after obtaining the tide statistics in this area, and subsequently determining the legal coastal area, and then, a three-dimensional model of the city with optimal resolution in an area beyond the legal coastal area using satellite images such as Landsat, 1 Cartosat and Aster, and for validation, a comparison between limited field studies and these results will be made. The landform map and 3D model of the area will be made, and an attempt will be made to prepare the best landform map and 3D model of the area by using the unique features of each image separately and combining them with field data as well as the existing spatial and descriptive information of the area.

  • Contents & References of Integration of satellite images and GIS information to prepare land form map, tides and 3D model

    List:

    Table of Contents

    Title..Page

    Introduction..1

    Chapter One (General) ..3

    Introduction..4

    Problem Statement..4

    Main Research Questions..5

    The Importance and Necessity of Conducting Research..5

    Basic Objectives Research..6

    Research hypotheses..6

    Necessity of using RS,GIS,GPS..6

    1-7-1 Necessity of using geographic information system..6

    1-7-2 Necessity of using remote sensing..7

    1-7-3 Necessity of using global positioning system..8

    Chapter two (research background) ..10

    2-1 Introduction..11

    2-2 The background of the research regarding the preparation of the landform map..11

    2-3 The background of the research for the preparation of the three-dimensional model..16

    The third chapter (selection range, materials and methods) ..22

    3-1 Introduction..23

    3-2 Selected area..23

    3-3 Location of Jask city..23

    3-4 Natural complications of Jask city..25

    3-4-1 Beshagard mountains..26

    3-4-2 Mangrove forests..26

    3-4-3 Western and Eastern Jask bays..27

    3-4-4 Rocks Sandy hills..28

    3-4-5 Puraf hot springs..28

    3-4-6 Sedij hot water..28

    3-5 climate of Jask city..28

    3-6 water resources in Jask city..29

    3-6-1 underground water..29

    3-6-2 Surface water..29

    3-7 Vegetation, pastures and forests in Jask city..31

    3-8 Satellite data..31

    3-8-1 ETM+ data of Landsat 7 satellite..31

    3-8-2 ASTER data of Terra satellite..33

    3-9 Color combinations..34

    3-10 Filters..35

    3-10-1 Noise reduction filters..35

    3-10-2 Edge detection filters..36

    3-10-3 Majority filters..36

    3-10-4 Principal component transformation (PCA) ..37

    3-11 combining images..37

    3-11-1 general steps of combining images at the pixel level..37

    3-11-2 methods of combining images at the pixel level..38

    3-11-2-1 Brovey method..38

    3-12 vegetation indices..39

    3-12-1 vegetation index Normalized difference (NDVI). 3D model..44

    3-15 method of preparing map and tide chart of the area..47

    3-15-1 Determining CRZ boundaries..48

    Chapter four (data processing and results) Color..52

    4-4 Vegetation determination using the normalized NDVI vegetation index formula: 57

    4-5 Data fusion (Data Fusion) and coastal mode and legal range..66

    4-10 Landform and tide map..69

    4-11 three-dimensional model..70

    Chapter five (general conclusion) ..73

    General conclusion..74

    Suggestions ..77

    Resources..78

    English abstract..80

    List of figures

    Title..page

    Chapter Two

    Figure 2-1: Flowchart of Khosravani's research method (1390) ..14

    Figure 2-2: Flowchart of Iqbal's research method (2012) ..15

    Figure 2-3: Flowchart of Sadeghi Naini Fard's research method (1385) ..17

    Figure 4-2: A, stereo image of Tehran and B, digital health model of the region (Farazdel, 1391). 18

    Figure 5-2: Flowchart of the research method of Baltsavir (2005). Beshagard in Jask city. 26

    Figure 3-5: Mangrove forests in Jask.. 27

    Figure 3-6: Jask Bay-shore of Oman sea..27

    Figure 3-7: Jagin river bridge..29

    Figure 3-8: Gabrik river..30

    Figure 3-9: Sedich river bridge in hand. Construction..30

    Figure 10-3: Vegetation of Jask region..31

    Figure 3-11: Display of false color combination of Landsat images. 34

    Figure 3-12: Red and infrared wavelength reflectance values ??along with NDVI values ??for two34

    Figure 12-3: Red and infrared wavelength reflectance values ??along with NDVI values ??for two types of dry and fresh vegetation. 40

    Figure 3-13: Collection of stereo image data by satellite www.satimaging.corp.com. 44

    Figure 3-14: An example of a pair of stereo satellite images, District 22 of Tehran (Farazdel, 1390). 45

    Figure 15-3: Images of the three-dimensional model of Zone 6 and Zone 2 of Tehran (Farazdel, 2010). 46

    Chapter 4

    Figure 4-1: The steps taken in this research. 51

    Figure 4-2: Landsat RGB 321 true color image. 53

    Figure 4-3: RGB false color image 742 Landsat.54

    Figure 4-4: False color image of Landsat 432 RGB.55

    Figure 4-5: False color image of RGB 321 ASTER.56

    Figure 4-6: Image of NDVI index applied to Aster satellite images.57

    Figure 4-7: Comparison of combined images and images before combination (false color combination) 234 Landsat).59

    Figure 4-8: Unsupervised classification (a- Kmeans, b- Isodata). 61

    Figure 4-9: Four implementations of different algorithms in the supervised classification method for Landsat images. 63

    Figure 4-10: Four implementations of different algorithms in the supervised classification method for Ester images. 64

    Figure 4-11: Roads identified from satellite images with high-pass filtering. 65

    Figure 4-12: Graph of parameters of monthly tide statistics of Jask station in 1388. 66

    Figure 4-13: Mosaicing of Landsat images. 67

    Figure 4-14: Tide lines and legal coastal zone in satellite images.

    Figure 4-15: Landform map of the area. 69

    Figure 4-16: Cartosat1 stereo images of Jask city. 70

    Figure 4-17: Landform map with topography of Jask city.

    Source:

    M

    Resources

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    2- Darvish Sefat Ali Asghar, 1390: Environmental assessment and planning with geographic information systems, Tehran University Publishing Institute.

    3- Sadeghi Naini Fard, 1385: Feasibility of urban DSM production using 1:2000 maps, methodology, error checking and accuracy test.

    4- Ziaian Firouzabadi Parviz, 1388: Preparation of the landform and tide map of Bushehr city using GPS, GIS, RS in the Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ), humanities textbook chapter, volume 14 no. 1.

    5- Ali Mohammadi Abbas et al., 1387: Comparison of the spectral and spatial performance of image combining methods in the difference of different resolutions of multispectral and panchromatic images, Modares Humanities Quarterly, Volume 12, Number 2, Summer.

    6- Fatemi Seyed Baqer and Rezaei Yusuf, 1389: Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Azadeh Publications.

    7- Farazdel Frank and Enami Razieh, 2013: Extracting the third dimension from World View2 satellite stereo images, Shahrnagar Magazine, numbers 56 and 57.

    8- Farazdel Frank, 2013: Building a 3D model of the city using satellite images with high spatial resolution, Shahrnagar magazine, number 54.

    9- Malamah Alizadeh Fateme et al., 1383: The effectiveness of remote sensing data (RS) in the preparation of landform maps and its role in environmental planning, Modares Humanities Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 4. 10- Baltsavias E, Li Zhang, Eisenbeis H, (2005) Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. ETH-Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

    11- Benjamin W, (2011). Heumann, Satellite remote sensing of mangrove forests: Recent advances and future opportunities. 12- Coppin P, Jonckheere I, Nackaerts K, and Muys B. (2004). Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring: a review. Int. J. Remote Sens. 25: 1565-1596. 13- Dharanijan. K, Kasinathapandian. P, Gurugnanam. B, Narayanan. R.M, Ramachandran. S. (2006) An Integrated study for the Assessment of Tsunami impacts: A case study of South Andaman Island, India using Remote Sensing and GIS. Coastal Engineering Journal vol.

Integration of satellite images and GIS information to prepare land form map, tides and 3D model