The relationship between personality types and organizational citizenship behavior in the employees of Melli Bank branches in Gilan province

Number of pages: 121 File Format: word File Code: 30859
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Management
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  • Summary of The relationship between personality types and organizational citizenship behavior in the employees of Melli Bank branches in Gilan province

    Academic Thesis for Master's Degree

    Field: Public Administration Human Resources Orientation

    Abstract:

    The main purpose of this research is to examine and identify the relationship between the personality and organizational citizenship behavior of the employees of National Bank of Gilan Province. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive in terms of execution method. The field data collection method and data collection tool is a standard questionnaire. In order to measure personality, a questionnaire (NEO) was used, and the organizational citizenship behavior questions were also taken from the questionnaire (Podsakoff et al., 1990). The statistical population of this research is the employees of National Bank branches in Gilan province, numbering 1234 people. Questionnaires were distributed among 221 of them, who were selected according to the limited population sampling formula and simple random sampling method. The method of testing research hypotheses is correlation test and using SPSS 18 software. The results of the research show that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the personality and citizenship behavior of the employees of Melli Bank branches in Gilan province, and among the 5 dimensions of personality, the extroversion dimension has a stronger correlation with organizational citizenship behavior than other dimensions. Also, there is no significant relationship between the dimension of adaptability and organizational citizenship behavior.

    Key words:

    personality, emotional stability, extroversion, experientiality, adaptability, conscientiousness, organizational citizenship behavior

    Introduction

    Unlike in the past, when employees were expected to act within the limits of official roles, in new psychological contracts, beyond-the-role behaviors are expected. Current research considers these behaviors under the title of organizational citizenship behavior. In recent decades, terms have been used to describe such behaviors, such as pre-social behavior, trans-role behavior, and organizational spontaneity and contextual performance. Although each of these concepts has a different starting point, they generally refer to the same concept, which is considered in this research under the title of organizational citizenship behavior [1], and it means those activities related to the role of people in the organization, which are performed by the individual beyond the expectations of the task and job description, and although the official reward system of the organization does not recognize these behaviors, they are effective for the good performance of the organization (Kakhaki and Qalipour, 1386: 117). Organizational citizenship behavior was first used by Bateman and Oregon (1983). Oregon (1988) defined organizational citizen behavior as follows: "Individual behavior that is not clearly and indirectly recognized by the official reward system and behaviors that play a vital role in the effective functioning of the organization (Pavalache-Ilie, 2014: 490).

    Man acts as an organized whole and we will find less aspect of human action and behavior that is not influenced by his character and personality; therefore, It is obvious that organizational citizenship behaviors are also influenced by personality. Personality is one of the factors that predicts behavior and is one of the factors that create individual differences between people. Personality is the category of individual characteristics that includes constant intellectual, emotional and behavioral patterns, and is considered the most reliable predictor of various job criteria, especially in researches that relate personality to organizational citizenship behavior (Rafzi et al., 2016: 44-45).Oregan (1994) considers the theoretical basis for the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and personality to be that because the individual's behavior is related to his general attitudes and since the personality of individuals affects their general attitudes, it may be assumed that personality is related to organizational citizenship behavior (1392: 71). In organizations active in the field of business, the motivation to conduct this research was formed in the minds of the researchers. In this chapter, the statement of the problem, the importance and necessity of the research, the objectives, the theoretical framework, the research assumptions, the conceptual and operational definitions of the variables, and the scope of the research are discussed.

    1-2) Statement of the problem

    The completely changing and governing conditions of the organizations, the increase in competition and the need for the effectiveness of the organizations in such conditions, reveal their need for a valuable generation of employees, a generation that is referred to as "organizational soldiers". Undoubtedly, these employees are the difference between effective and ineffective organizations.Today, in the literature of organization and management science, these efforts beyond expectations are called "extra-role" behaviors or "organizational citizenship behaviors" or "OCB" (Zinabadi et al., 1387: 76). There have been macroeconomic trends that are related to the activities of the banking network, this has brought the country's banks into a new stage of competition. Today's organizations must comply with existing norms. Therefore, there is a need for people who are willing to go beyond the official job requirements and tasks, this action beyond the role refers to the organizational citizenship behavior (Megimi 2015). Bateman and his colleagues [3] (2001) believe that in the last decade, organizational citizenship behavior forms the main structure of psychology and management disciplines and has attracted a lot of attention. There are approximately 31 different forms of organizational citizenship behavior. These behaviors lubricate the organization's social structures and provide the flexibility needed to operate through unforeseen events and also help the employees of an organization to adapt to amazing interdependent conditions (Foote & Tong, 2008: 934). Organizational citizenship behavior refers to individual and voluntary behaviors that promote the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization's performance, but directly It is said that the organization's formal systems are not rewarded.

    The presence of employees with a favorable level of organizational citizenship behavior enables organizations to provide quality services through planning, scheduling and participation of all members. The importance of such behaviors for the organization is such that some researchers in this field, including Bolino, seek to understand its drivers They like to help others, such as people active in charitable institutions, whose helping behaviors and contributions to these institutions are completely derived from their internal and altruistic motivation. They don't do these things for fame and they don't stop doing them because of external pressure. Therefore, it can be said that personality is one of the important predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Also, researchers such as Pavalch-Ili [4] (2014), Mahdiun et al. [5] (2010), Rafzi et al. They believe that the personality characteristics of employees (emotional stability, extroversion, experienceability, adaptability, conscientiousness) can be an important factor in promoting their organizational citizenship behavior. So that the presence of emotional stability characteristic among employees causes organizational citizenship behavior, that is, general unwillingness to experience negative emotions such as fear, sadness, confusion, anger, guilt, and hatred, has an effect on improving organizational citizenship behavior of employees. Existence of extroversion, that is, the existence of attitudes and behavioral tendencies that include being sociable, group friendly, talkative, and active can lead to the improvement of organizational citizenship behavior; The existence of adaptability among employees causes the emergence of organizational citizenship behaviors, that is, the existence of certain characteristics or human attitudes, such as altruism, interest in others, and emotional support for others, can have an impact on the improvement of organizational citizenship behavior of employees; The existence of conscientiousness among employees is related to the ability to trust and have confidence and will, and the behavioral tendencies related to it generally include being productive, seeking success, being persistent, being careful and being responsible, can have an effect on improving the organizational citizenship behavior of employees; Attitudes and behavioral tendencies related to the dimension of experientiality generally include being imaginative, curious, innovative, open-minded, broad-minded, and intelligent, and by improving these dimensions, organizational citizenship behavior also improves. Features that can help us to know ourselves and others better and be more popular with others and make the bond with them stronger than before (Lewis & Bates, 2014: 10).

  • Contents & References of The relationship between personality types and organizational citizenship behavior in the employees of Melli Bank branches in Gilan province

    List:

    Title

    Page number

    Chapter 1: General research

    Introduction

    3

    Statement of the problem

    4

    Importance and necessity of research

    7

    Research objectives

    9

    Framework Research Theory

    9

    Research Hypotheses

    11

    Conceptual and Operational Definition

    12

    Research Field

    15

    Chapter Two: Literature and Research Background

    Part One: Organizational Citizenship Behavior

    18

    2-1-1) Introduction

    18

    2-1-2) organizational citizenship behavior

    18

    2-1-3) two main approaches in the definitions related to the concept of organizational citizenship behavior:

    20

    2-1-3-1) in-role and extra-role behaviors

    20

    2-1-3-2) all positive behaviors inside Organization

    21

    2-1-4) Functions of organizational citizenship behavior

    22

    2-1-4-1) Graham's model

    22

    2-1-4-2) Organ model

    23

    2-1-4-3) Podsakoff et al.'s model

    24

    2-1-4-4) Lambert model

    25

    2-1-4-5) Borman and his colleagues model

    26

    2-1-5) Factors affecting the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior

    26

    2-1-5-1) Social capital

    26

    2-1-5-2) Intelligence emotional (emotional)

    27

    2-1-5-3) transformational leadership

    28

    2-1-5-4) organizational justice

    29

    2-1-6) influencing factors of organizational citizenship behavior

    29

    2-1-6-1) organizational commitment

    30

    2-1-6-2) Employee performance

    30

    2-1-6-3) Human resource efficiency

    31

    2-1-7) Organizational citizenship behavior

    32

    Part II: Personality

    35

    2-2-1) Introduction

    35

    2-2-2) Definition of personality

    36

    2-2-3) Personality theories

    37

    2-2-3-1) Costa and McCree's theory (1987)

    38

    2-2-3-2) Freud's theory

    40

    2-2-3-3) Jung's theory

    41

    2-2-3-4) Cattle's theory

    42

    2-2-3-5) Eysenck's theory of personality

    44

    2-2-3-6) Small theories or narrow band theories

    46

    Part III: Background Research

    2-3-1) Internal research

    49

    2-3-2) External research

    51

    Chapter 3: Research implementation method

    3-1) Introduction

    54

    3-2) Research method

    55

    3-3) Society and statistical sample

    55

    3-4) Checking the normality of the second variable

    56

    3-5) Data and information collection methods and tools

    58

    3-6) Validity and reliability of measurement tools

    59

    3-7) Data and information analysis method

    61

    Chapter four: Data analysis

    4-1) Introduction

    63

    4-2) Description of demographic variables of the respondents:

    64

    4-3) Description of research variables

    70

    4-4) Test of research hypotheses

    77

    Chapter five: conclusions and suggestions

    5-1) Introduction

    82

    5-2) Summary of the research

    82

    5-3) Descriptive statistics results

    83

    5-4) Description of the research variables

    84

    5-5) The results of the research hypotheses test

    85

    5-6) Suggestions according to the hypotheses Research

    87

    5-7) Suggestions for future research

    89

    5-8) Research limitations

    89

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Tables, Figures and Diagrams

    Tables:

    1-2) complete profile of organizational citizenship behavior variables

    20

    2-2) personality characteristics prepared by Cuttle

    43

    2-3) Eysenck's personality classification

    45

    3-1) Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for organizational citizenship behavior variable

    56

    3-2) Questionnaire and its dimensions

    59

    3-3) Cronbach's alpha table of research variables

    60

    4-1) Describe the gender of the answerDescription of the respondents' marital status

    65

    3-4) Respondents' age

    66

    4-4) Description of the respondents' education

    67

    4-5) Description of the respondents' work experience

    68

    4-6) Description of the respondents' employment type

    69

    4-7) Description of the behavior variable Organizational citizenship

    70

    4-8) Description of the emotional stability variable

    71

    4-9) Description of the extraversion variable

    72

    4-10) Description of the experiential variable

    73

    4-11) Description of the adaptation variable

    74

    4-12) Description of the variable Vigilance

    75

    4-13) Personality variable description

    76

    4-14) Correlation coefficient between emotional stability and organizational citizenship behavior

    77

    4-15) Correlation coefficient between extraversion and organizational citizenship behavior

    78

    4-16) Correlation coefficient between experientiality and organizational citizenship behavior

    79

    4-17) Correlation coefficient between adaptability and organizational citizenship behavior

    79

    4-18) Correlation coefficient between conscientiousness and organizational citizenship behavior

    80

     

     

    Figures:

    conceptual research model

    11

    Charts:

    Gender bar chart of respondents

    64

    Marital status bar chart of respondents

    65

    Bar chart of respondents age

    66

    Education bar chart of respondents

    67

    Bar chart of respondents' work history

    68

    Bar graph of respondents' employment type

    69

    Histogram of organizational citizenship behavior variable

    70

    Histogram of emotional stability variable

    71

    Histogram of extraversion variable

    72

    Histogram of experienceability variable

    73

    Histogram of adaptability variable

    74

    Histogram of alertness variable

    75

    Histogram of personality variable

    76

    Resources

    90

    Appendices

    96

    Questionnaire

    97

    Software outputs

    102

    English abstract

    113

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The relationship between personality types and organizational citizenship behavior in the employees of Melli Bank branches in Gilan province