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Investigation of casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province in 2012

Number of pages: 134 File Format: word File Code: 30855
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Management
Tags/Keywords: Casualties - Mazandaran - Out-of-town roads - Road accidents - Sari - Transportation
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  • Summary of Investigation of casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province in 2012

    Dissertation

    Master of Industrial Engineering (System and Productivity Management)

    • Introduction and purpose: In Mazandaran province, part of the transportation problems are related to road accidents. The resulting costs are one of the most important challenges of the province and the financial losses caused by them are imposed on the budget of the family and the province. It is necessary to implement effective solutions in order to prevent damages from road accidents. The purpose of this study is to examine the casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study and the studied population were the casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province in 2012 and registered in the General Department of Transport and Terminals of Mazandaran and the Forensic Medicine Organization of Mazandaran province. Results: The casualties caused by road accidents in the provincial roads of the province were mostly drivers (44%) and men. Most of them are between the ages of 21 and 30 (26%). There is an inverse relationship between the level of education and the frequency of accidents. Most of the cars were passengers (40%), and most of the casualties were related to vehicle collisions (49%). Most of the casualties occurred at the scene of the accident (54%) and most of them were taken to medical centers and hospitals by ambulance (85.9%). The highest number of casualties was caused by multiple fractures (53%), which occurred during the day (60%) and on the main roads of the province (82%). Conclusion: In 2013, the total number of road accident casualties (extra-urban and rural roads) in the province increased by 4.1% and on extraurban roads by 1.3% (compared to 2013). The number of deaths in men is higher than in women. People with university education had the lowest number of casualties in traffic accidents. Contrary to popular belief, the highest number of casualties occurred during the day. The number of casualties on main roads is much higher than freeways and highways. In the conducted study, it is possible to find out that there are more deaths of drivers, the influence of the male sex, 21-30 years, collisions between vehicles and light vehicles in accidents that lead to death, and based on this finding that the most deaths were due to multiple fractures.

    • Keywords: Mazandaran, casualties, road accidents, suburban roads, Sari, transportation, 2013

    • Today, transportation has a great impact on the economic growth process due to its fundamental role. Transportation is considered one of the main foundations of sustainable and balanced development, and in the process of economic and social development of countries, there is a direct correlation between the expansion of transportation and the achievement of economic growth rates. Transportation includes activities that have been carried out widely in all fields and has an undeniable role in the set of activities. This expansion of activity causes various accidents, including road accidents.

      The increase in the number of cars has caused the society and people to be exposed to various mental and physical conditions. Currently, life is out of the traditional mode and has become completely machine-made. The process of car life has exposed the life of the society to road accidents. The number of these accidents is increasing and as a result, the financial damages caused by them are imposed on the budget of the family and the country; It is high and irreparable, therefore, it is necessary to implement effective solutions in order to prevent road accident damages in the province. Road accidents are a social phenomenon in the province, which requires identifying the dimensions of its infrastructure and various inadequacies, including the quality of roads and roads, the quality of car construction. Undoubtedly, the number of disabled and injured people due to road accidents is several times the amount of casualties caused by it, and its irreparable consequences such as homelessness, mental and psychological problems, and huge medical expenses. The importance of road accidents and the resulting casualties in Mazandaran province should never be reduced or forgotten due to the direct and indirect damages and costs that it brings and considering that it is largely preventable.

      Road accidents are currently a social problem at the province level, which kills a large number of people every year and imposes costs on the society.Any person who is injured or damaged in an accident or disabled or dies, because a person is not independent from others and lives in a network of relationships with others, so the consequences of this accident do not only affect the person who suffered the accident, but also affects all those who are connected with his life.

      Recent research in Iran shows that 38% of accidents are caused by unnatural deaths due to road accidents. is According to statistics published by the Forensic Medicine Organization, more than 235,000 people have been killed due to traffic accidents in Iran, from 2009 to the end of 2009, and during this period, more than 222,000 people have been injured due to traffic accidents (1). Therefore, finding a solution to reduce these accidents and the problems caused by them is considered an inevitable necessity.

      Given the impossibility of real valuation for human lives and the pain and suffering resulting from their loss, it seems impossible to accurately estimate the costs of an accident. Regarding the country of Iran, which is currently in the stage of increasing growth of vehicles, followed by an increase in the number of accidents and damages caused by it, this issue is more important. In the meantime, Mazandaran province (with 591 people), after Khuzestan province, has the highest number of people killed in accidents outside the city in 2012, and an average of 1.6 people are killed in road accidents in Mazandaran province every day. Therefore, investigating the casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province and identifying their causes and calculating the frequency of these reasons can be a way to reduce accidents on the roads of Mazandaran province.

      The correct diagnosis and determination of the cause of accidents, while preserving the rights of citizens, will also reveal the factors that cause accidents and will be very effective in preventing future similar accidents. In order to increase traffic safety and prevent the occurrence of accidents and injuries caused by them and to increase the level of awareness, the main cases of accidents should be identified so that by being aware of them, steps can be taken in the direction of eliminating the shortcomings and, at the same time, preventing harm to the people. It can be done by vehicle. On the other hand, special geographical and demographic characteristics in Mazandaran province, such as the number of cities and the proximity of villages to the main roads, the presence of multiple and diverse uses on the side of the roads, high population density, etc., and cultural and social problems such as the lack of a culture of safe use and sufficient information on how to use the vehicle have also caused an increase in casualties due to road accidents in Mazandaran province.

      Mazandaran province has always been one of the provinces where the number of deaths caused by road accidents It has allocated a high number to itself, it has been and still is, and this is the basis for an effort to identify the causes affecting it. Therefore, the increase in casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran and the loss of capital that is neither compensated nor replaced definitely needs investigation and solutions. The development of our country is more visible. According to the report of the World Health Organization[1], death due to traffic accidents has doubled in every 6-year period since 1990, and the rank of traffic accidents in the list of causes of death in the world will rise from the 9th place in 1990 to the 6th place in 2020. According to the statistics of this organization, deaths due to road accidents will reach from 1.3 million people in 2004 to 2.4 million people in 2030, which is mainly due to the increase in the ownership and use of vehicles, which is accompanied by economic growth in low and middle income countries. Every day in the world more than 3000 people die due to accidents and injuries caused by it. In low-income and middle-income countries, the cause of death of about 85% of the deceased and the disability of about 90% of the people who suffered from physical disabilities and limb defects were accidents (2).

  • Contents & References of Investigation of casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province in 2012

    List:

    Title

    Page

    Chapter 1- Generalities of the research

    1-1- Introduction .. 2

    1-2- Statement of the problem .. 4

    1-3- Necessity and importance of research implementation .. 7

    1-4- Research goals .. 8

    1-5- Research questions or hypotheses .. 8

    1-6- The theoretical and conceptual model of research .. 9

    1-7- Definition of words, terms and abbreviations .. 10

    1-8- The temporal and spatial scope of the research .. 11

    Chapter 2- Research literature

    1-2- Basics Theoretical.. 13

    2-1-1- The history of accidents in Iran.. 13

    2-1-2- Accidents from a psychological and sociological perspective. 20

    2-1-2- 1- Sociology of traffic accidents .. 15

    2-1-1-2- Psychology of accidents .. 17

    2-1-3- Road accidents .. 19

    2-1-3-1- Concept of accidents .. 19

    2-1-3-2- Analysis of accidents Roads.. 22

    2-1-4- Effective factors in road accidents.. 25

    2-1-4-1- The role of human factors in road accidents.. 30

    2-1-4-2- The role of cars in road accidents.. 32

    2-1-4-1- The role of roads in road accidents.. 33

    2-1-4- 3- The role of environmental conditions and climatic factors in road accidents. 35

    2-1-5- Education and culture building in order to reduce road accidents. 38

    2-1-5- 1- Driver behavior training .. 38

    2-1-5- 2- Cultivation of driver behavior .. 40

    2-1-5- 3- Effective factors in reducing road accidents .. 41

    2-1-6- Economic effects of road accidents .. 42

    2-1-6-1- Economic dimensions of road accidents... 42

    2-1-6-2- Direct and indirect costs of road accidents. 46

    2-2- Research conducted inside the country .. 50

    2-3- Research conducted abroad .. 56

    Chapter 3- Research method

    3-1- Research method .. 59

    3-2- Statistical population .. 59

    3-3- How to select groups (samples) .. 59

    3-4-Measurement and data collection tool .. 59

    3-5- Reliability and validity of the tool .. 60

    3-6- Statistical methods used .. 60

    Chapter 4- Statistical analysis

    4-1- Introduction .. 62

    4-1-1- Traffic accident casualties and Accidents in the country.. 62

    4-1-2- Fatalities in road accidents (outside urban and rural) in the country. 64

    4-1-3- Contribution of suburban and rural roads in casualties caused by road accidents. 65

    4-2-The main question of the research: What is the ratio of casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province in 2012? 67

    4-3- Research Question 1: What is the ratio of casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province?  70.

    4-3- Research Question 2: What is the proportion of casualties on the province's suburban roads by age and sex of the deceased? . 71

    4-5- Research Question 3: What is the proportion of casualties on the provincial roads according to the level of education of the deceased? . 73

    4-6- Research Question 4: What is the ratio of casualties on the provincial roads according to the place of death of the deceased? . 74

    4-7- Specific research question 5: What is the proportion of casualties on the province's suburban roads, and how is the breakdown of the final cause of the deceased's death? . 75

    4-8- Research Question 6: What is the ratio of casualties on the province's suburban roads according to road lighting? . 76

    9-4-Question 7 of the research: What is the ratio of casualties on the province's extra-urban roads by type of extra-urban road? . 77

    4-10- Question 8, specific to the research: What is the ratio of casualties on the province's out-of-town roads according to the method of transportation of the deceased? . 78

    4-11- Research Question 9: What is the ratio of casualties on the province's suburban roads according to the type of accidents? . 79

    4-11- Research Question 10: What is the ratio of casualties on the provincial roads according to the type of vehicle used by the deceased? .. 80

    Chapter Five - Discussion and Conclusion

    5-1- Summary of the research .. 83

    5-2- Research findings .. 85

    5-3- Answers to the research questions .. 85

    5-4- Comparison of the research results with the results of other researchers .. 87

    5-5- Limitations of the research .. 88

    5-6- Discussion and conclusion... 88

    5-7- Suggestions for the organization or society where the research was done. 89

    5-9- Suggestions for others89

    5-9- Suggestions for other researchers who want to do research in this field. 91

    Resources. 93

    Appendix. 99

     

    Source:

    Reports of deceased traffic accidents, forensic medicine of the country, 1389.

    2-Zangiabadi, Ali and Shiran, Gholamreza and Gestil, Khairi, investigating the causes of accidents on highways (case study: Isfahan intra-urban highways), Rahor Quarterly, number 17, 1391, from page 37 to 57. 3- Tanzadeh, Javad, Geometric design and road safety, Sanei Publications, 1387. 4- Mohammadfam, Iraj and Golmohammadi, Rostam, investigation of unsafe behaviors among Hamedan intercity bus drivers, Tabib Sharq, fifth year, number 4, 1382, pp. 251-260. 5- Malik, Mehdi and Helvani, Gholamhossein and Falah, Hossein and Jafari Nadoshan, Reza, 2018, investigating the relationship between Pittsburgh sleep quality index and road accidents of truck drivers, Tebkar Quarterly, 1st issue, Spring 2019, pages 14-20.

    6- Noor Amiri, Mohammad and Ghorbani, Mehran, Road Safety Guide (World Road Forum-Piark), Bureau of Safety Technology Studies, Ministry of Roads and Transport, 2018.

    7-Reports of the deceased in traffic accidents, forensic medicine of the country, 1389.

    8-Iran Statistics Center, Statistical Yearbook 1379.

    9- Statistical survey of deaths caused by traffic accidents in 1392 and Nowruz 1393, Research Center of the Forensic Medicine Organization of the country, 1393.

    10-Report of the Safety Commission of the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development on traffic accident statistics. In 1392.

    11-Laighi 1384

    12-History of accidents in Iran

    13- Ferdowsi, Taybeh and Ahmadi, Ali Asghar, comparative study of the personality of accidental and non-accidental drivers, Journal of Psychological Studies, Volume 7, Number 2, Summer, 1390, pages 103 to 85.

    14-Robingen, Earl and Weinberg, Martin, Seven theoretical approaches in investigating social issues, translated by Rahmat Elah Sediq Sarostani, Tehran University Press, 1386, page 19.

    15- Ferdowsi, Tayyaba and Faratikashani, Nadera, The impact of psychological factors in traffic accidents and methods of intervention to reduce them, 1389.

    16- Yaqoubi, Hamid, Investigation of the role of human factors in the occurrence of traffic accidents in Iran, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Andishe and Behavare, 6, (1, 21 consecutive), 1379, pages 67-60.

    17- Abdolreza Arjarodi, Shahin Shabani, Methods of recording accidents and identifying high-accident points, Transportation Research Institute, 1386, page 4.

    18- Abdolreza Arjarodi, Shahin Shabani, Methods of recording accidents and identifying high-accident points, Transportation Research Institute, 1386, page 4.

    19- Road Vehicle Standard Commission, Road Reforms of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, Iran Standard Number 5429

    20- Estimation of the costs of intra-urban and extra-urban accidents on Iranian roads from 1373 to 1386, Transportation Research Institute, 2017.

    21- Mohmandar, Mohammad Reza, International Road Safety Congress, Mashhad, Khorasan Newspaper, No. 18341, 26 Bahman, 2018.

    22- Ferdowsi, Tayyaba and Faratikashani, Nadera, Impact of psychological factors in traffic accidents and methods of intervention to reduce them, 2019.

    23- Gharavi, Behrouz, the 43rd debate program on the topic of the last round of summer trips 2013, 2013

    24- Akhwan Behbahani, Ali, Roads of death, Jam Jam newspaper, 2016 www.jamejamonline.ir

    25- Qara Daghi, Jalil, 10-year statistics of deaths due to road accidents (79-88), Medical Research Center Kouni, 1380.

    26- Maravi, Azimi, effects and consequences of accidents on mental health, Khorasan newspaper, Wednesday, December 7, 2018, number 18017

    27- Iran newspaper, road accidents, Saturday, May 31, 1384.

    28- Yagoubi, Hamid, investigation of the role of human factors in the occurrence of traffic accidents in Iran, magazine Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology of Iran (thought and behavior), volume 6, number 1 (21 consecutive), 2019, page 67-60

    29-Afarashte, Afshin, causes and consequences of traffic accidents from the perspective of social and public health, Iranian Sociological Association conference hall, Tuesday, November 19, 2018,

    30-Kazemi, Mojtabi and Khoshtab, Mirza Ali. Bagheri, Seyyed Ramtin and Hosseinnejad, Aziz, comparing the loss of GDP in road accidents, Rahor Quarterly, No. 20, 1391, from pages 109 to 129.

    31-Sayt Shahr, 1387.

    32- Abdkhadovandi, Manouchehr and Pourakrami, Mohammad, What the rescuers of road shelters should know, Piamim Hilal, No. 137, 1387

    33- Road and traffic safety in developing countries, Traffic Organization of Tehran, 1393.

Investigation of casualties caused by road accidents in Mazandaran province in 2012
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