Investigating the effective factors on empowering the employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education of Tehran Province

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree "M.A"

Abstract:

In this article, the effective factors in empowering the employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education of Tehran province have been examined. The main question of the research is whether the factors (feeling of meaning, feeling of being effective, feeling of choice, feeling of competence, feeling of trust) are effective on empowerment, and on the other hand, whether empowerment has a significant difference according to background variables. To find answers to these questions, a standard 27-question empowerment questionnaire was used. The statistical population in this research is the employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education of Tehran Province, whose number is 196. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size of the research was calculated as 130 people. However, 135 questionnaires were distributed and data analysis was done based on the number of 135 people using SPSS software. Content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The random sampling method is simple.  Descriptive statistics such as frequency, frequency percentage and average were used to analyze the data as needed. Also, in the inferential statistics section, correlation test (Pearson's correlation coefficient) and bivariate regression were used. The explanatory results show that the relationship between variables influencing empowerment was confirmed in the 95% confidence interval. And empowerment was only significant in terms of education. In addition, the results of the causality analysis showed that the meaningfulness variable had the most positive and direct effect on employee empowerment.

Key words: empowerment, right to choose, feeling meaningful, feeling of trust, feeling of competence, feeling of being effective.

Organizations today are under the influence of factors such as increased global competition, sudden changes, the need for quality and after-sales services, and the existence of limited resources. have After years of experience, the world has come to the conclusion that if an organization wants to be a leader in its economy and business affairs and not fall behind in the field of competition, it must have specialized, creative and highly motivated human resources. Human resources form the basis of real wealth of an organization. One of the most important concerns of the successful economic enterprises of the world is gathering educated and intelligent human capital that is capable of creating transformation in the organization to which they belong. A successful organization is a collection of people with organizational culture, common ideas and goals, who share their experiences and knowledge with their love for the organization's ever-increasing progress through teamwork in the organization's flexible system. Therefore, each person will feel ownership towards the organization and the task they perform.

Using the potential abilities of human resources is considered a great advantage for any organization. Empowerment is a new method for the survival of leading organizations in a competitive environment. Empowerment is the process of empowering people. In this process, the organization helps its employees to improve their sense of self-confidence and overcome their sense of helplessness. In this sense, empowerment leads to the mobilization of people's internal motivations. Empowerment also encourages people to participate more in making decisions that affect their activities.

Empowerment is the design and construction of the organization in such a way that people are ready to accept more responsibilities under their control. The implementation of empowerment factors in organizations is very useful and increases the productivity of the organization and its employees. In order to empower employees in organizations, it is necessary to create a basic and appropriate environment in the organization. In organizations where the factors influencing empowerment are fully implemented, there is the highest productivity in the organization. and the professional of Tehran province, examining the human resources situation of this department is unavoidable. Therefore, with the importance of empowerment, in this research, we are trying to take a step towards improving the human resources of this department.

Therefore, in this research, firstly, the generalities of the research, including the problem statement, research objective, necessity and importance, research questions, hypotheses, research framework and model, research method, thematic scope, space and time, society and sample size, and definitions of words were discussed, and in the second chapter, theoretical discussions and research conducted inside and outside Iran were given, and the third chapter was dedicated to the research methodology, and the fourth chapter also analyzed the information collected from the respondents in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. and in the final chapter of the research, the conclusions and mention of the suggestions and limitations of the research have been discussed. 1-1. Statement of the research problem An organization is considered a social phenomenon that is consciously coordinated and has certain limits and gaps. The term "consciously coordinated" refers to management, and the term "social phenomenon" means that the organization is made up of individuals or groups that interact with each other (Robbins, 22:1987). Meanwhile, people as employees of organizations can have different attitudes.

In empowerment, more autonomy and freedom of action and decision-making responsibility are given to employees. In other words, vertical overloading and other similar methods to increase employees' freedom of action are called empowerment (2001). (Huczynski & Buchanan,

Thomas Wolthaus (1990) considers psychological empowerment to be the process of increasing internal job motivation, which includes four cognitive domains, sense of competence, sense of independence, sense of effectiveness, and sense of meaning. Mishra's studies (1992) after "trust" added to the above dimensions and the five psychological dimensions of empowerment have been formed. In order for employees to feel empowered, the necessary conditions and foundations must be provided in the organization. In general, some factors related to the organizational conditions and the nature of the organization's empowerment include: having clear goals, organizational structure, performance evaluation, employee access to resources and professional development of employees It can be considered as the most important dynamic and effective factor of training for applicants and young job seekers.

In fact, employees who are more capable have more commitment and satisfaction and less job pressures, and are likely to have more cooperation and work participation. Empowering employees is one of the effective tools to increase employee productivity and optimal use of their individual and group capacities and abilities in line with organizational goals.

According to Article 21 of the Program Law Fifth, the development of the country, the Technical and Vocational Education Organization is known as the main corridor for training the workforce and providing informal training in the field of increasing skills and knowledge in accordance with modern technology in the country, therefore, making educational activities as effective as possible requires knowledge and special attention to the empowerment of human resources in the areas of the headquarters and the training staff. The lack of sufficient knowledge and understanding of the level of competence of employees has caused many problems in the way of dealing with human resources and even the ineffectiveness of training and employee development programs. In order to solve such problems, in this research, factors affecting the empowerment of the employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education of Tehran province are investigated. Therefore, in this research, we seek to answer the question of whether the variables of sense of meaning, sense of effectiveness, sense of choice, sense of competence, sense of trust are effective on empowerment, and whether empowerment has a significant difference in terms of contextual (individual) variables? :

Investigation of the state of empowerment of the employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education of Tehran Province.

Investigation of the impact of each of the factors of feeling meaningful, feeling of effectiveness, feeling of choice, feeling of competence, and feeling of trust on the empowerment of the employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education of Tehran Province.

1-2-2- partial objectives:

Measuring the impact of each of the variables on the empowerment of the employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education. O Tehran Province.

Investigating the status of employee empowerment according to the variables of gender, education, age, work experience in the organization.

1-3- Importance of the research topic

Some experts and researchers consider empowerment to be more or less the same as participatory management.