The relationship between ethical philosophy and extra-role behavior of employees of Gilan gas company

Dissertation for obtaining Master of Public Administration degree

Trend: Human Resources

Abstract:

Organizations in today's highly competitive world are looking for ways to maximize the efforts of their employees, and one of the most important of them is motivating employees to play more important roles in the organization. Ethics means observing the principles and values ??governing individual behavior and examining its relationship with organizational citizenship behavior as a kind of extra-role behavior will lead to the recognition of the impacting dimensions of ethics on the behavior of employees and its promotion in the organization, and since the most basic approach to ethics is based on moral philosophy; It is assumed that employees form the rules and regulations related to ethical behavior based on moral philosophy.

Purpose: This research seeks to investigate the relationship between ethical philosophy and their extra-role behavior in the employees of the gas company of Gilan province.

Research implementation method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. The population of this research is 1253 employees of the gas company of Gilan province; According to Morgan's table, the estimated number of samples was 297, of which 370 questionnaires were distributed and 354 were returned, of which 339 questionnaires could be analyzed. The sampling method of this research was simple random.

Findings: This research showed that the dimensions of moral philosophy (golden rule, utilitarianism, dutifulness, justice and individual freedom) have a significant relationship with the emergence of extra-role behavior. According to the Pearson correlation test, the intensity of the relationship between utilitarianism and individual freedom is more than other dimensions. Limitations of the research: the small number of scenarios to measure the moral philosophy of employees, the simplicity of the model and the lack of control of intervening and moderating variables such as justice and organizational commitment. Scientific value: This research clarifies the relationship between moral philosophy and extra-role behavior and the intensity of the relationship between the dimensions of moral philosophy and extra-role behavior and the dimensions that are more effective on the occurrence of citizenship behavior and shows the willingness of people to Performing extra-role behavior will be more when they have a more favorable understanding of ethics.

Key words: extra-role behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, moral philosophy

Introduction

Today's world is a world full of competition and organizations are looking for ways to maximize the performance and efforts of their employees due to the need for flexibility in facing competitors, and one of the most important issues that organizations face is how The motivation of employees is that they perform their roles and duties well in order to ensure that the organization will maintain its effectiveness (Baharifar, Javaheri Kamel and Ahmadi, 2019). In fact, a special set of employee behaviors can have a significant impact on the success of the organization. Especially the behaviors that go beyond the defined requirements of the role (Sanobori, 2017). In this research, the relationship between moral philosophy and the extra-role behavior of employees has been discussed.

The first chapter of this research is dedicated to stating the framework and scope of the research. In this chapter, the researcher provides a brief description of all the steps that have been carried out by stating the generalities of the research, which thus provides the context to communicate with the audience and inform them about how to create and conduct the research. 1-2) Statement of the problem The problem of this research, which the researcher seeks to find a solution for, is to examine the relationship between the moral philosophy of employees in the occurrence of out-of-role and extra-duty behaviors in them. In other words, two people who work in the same organization and unit at the same time and under the same conditions show different occupational and task behaviors: one of them performs the assigned organizational tasks and acts according to the job description, and the other behaves outside of the task such as helping colleagues and so on. It shows that, in this case, it is necessary to identify the influencing factors on the desire to permanence and the extent of their impact. Therefore, various researchers have been looking for the effective causes of this phenomenon in the organization and various causes such as job characteristics, individual characteristics, leadership factors and so on. have identified Although paying attention to the issue of ethics as one of the characteristics at the individual, organizational and social level in organizations is not a new issue; But in recent years, the successful experience of ethical companies, along with the decline of companies that ignored ethical principles, has revealed more and more the effectiveness of ethical solutions in organizations.

Gas Company is one of the organizations that deals with citizens from different social classes. Considering the wide range of audiences, any quantitative and qualitative inadequacies in the above company's services lead to a direct feedback on the citizens, including loss of time and additional costs, and double mental and physical fatigue caused by inappropriate service receipt. The wide range of activities of this company and the existence of crises such as snow and the need to manage more energy in recent years make this company's need for off-duty behavior even more clear. In the completely changing and governing conditions of organizations and the need for their effectiveness in such conditions, their need for a valuable generation of employees has become more apparent, a generation that is referred to as organizational soldiers[1]. Undoubtedly, these employees are the distinguishing feature of effective organizations from ineffective ones because they consider the organization as their home and in order to achieve its goals, they act without any intention in addition to their official role and do not spare any effort.

As various studies show that ethical issues have been discussed as a need in organizations and companies in our country, and examining its relationship with organizational citizenship behavior [2] as a type of trans-role behavior leads to the recognition of the impacting dimensions of ethics on citizenship behavior. It will be in the organization (Tahiri Damneh, Zanjer Chi and Nejatian Ghasemieh, 2019). As Ternipsid [3] (2002) also found out, people who have higher and more moral behavior also show more citizenship behavior. Therefore, it can be stated that a person's moral philosophy is positively related to his organizational citizenship behaviors, and the lack of attention to ethics in societies like Iran, which have rich moral values ??and are significantly different from developed countries, can cause great problems for organizations. Ethical principles have become a part of the official policies and informal culture of the organization, and moral philosophies, which are the moral-philosophical dos and don'ts and criteria for measuring the rightness and wrongness of a person's behavior towards himself, others and society; It is one of the factors that affect the attitude, behavior and performance of employees (Soleimani, 2013).

The most basic approach to ethics is moral philosophy; It is assumed that moral philosophies influence people's moral decisions. (Mirshahi et al., 1389) Some researchers believe that ethical decisions are influenced by the selection and employment of ethical people and that common rewards and punishments do not have a great effect on the observance of ethical principles (Lawton, citing Sanubari, 1387) The concept of work ethics is of high importance in the decisions of the managers of organizations to create and maintain motivated and hardworking employees (Qalipour, 1389).

Based on the above, the main question of this research is as follows. Girid:

What is the relationship between moral philosophy and extra-role behavior of the employees of the gas company of Gilan province?

This project will pursue the following 5 sub-questions:

1- Is there a relationship between the philosophy of utilitarianism and extra-role behavior?

2- Is there a relationship between the philosophy of duty and extra-role behavior?

3- Is there a relationship between the philosophy of the golden rule and extra-role behavior ?

4- Is there a relationship between the philosophy of justice and trans-role behavior?

5- Is there a relationship between the philosophy of individual freedom and trans-role behavior?

1-3) Necessity and importance of research

Today's world is a world full of competition, and due to the need for flexibility in facing competitors, organizations are looking for ways to maximize the performance and efforts of their employees, and if the course of human resources changes If we look at it, we will find that attention to human resources as the main factor of the organization's effectiveness has long been the concern of management experts. This attention has increased day by day to the point where today human resources are called the customers of organizations. The completely changing and governing conditions of organizations, the increase in competition and the necessity of their effectiveness in such conditions, have revealed their need for a valuable generation of employees, a generation that is referred to as organizational soldiers [4].