Identifying the cultural components effective on the efficient management of Bekaa Mutbarkeh in Isfahan city

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Cultural Affairs

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to identify the cultural components affecting the efficient management of Bekaa Motbarakeh in Isfahan city. For this purpose, the components of values, norms, customs, art and cultural heritage, beliefs and religion were studied. This research investigated cultural factors in dimensions (values, norms, art and cultural heritage, beliefs, religion) in a descriptive survey method. The statistical sample of the research was 150 people from endowment managers, Beqaa trustees and imamzadegans of Isfahan city.  The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. In this research, in order to ensure the content validity of the research tool, it was conducted with the opinion of professors and cultural experts, and in order to obtain reliability, Cronbach's alpha formula was used and the reliability coefficient was calculated at 0.85. The analysis of this research was done using spss statistical software at two descriptive and inferential levels. In the descriptive statistics section, statistical characteristics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation were used, and in the inferential statistics section, univariate t test, Friedman test, analysis of variance were used. The results showed that values ??with an average of 20.49, and religion with an average of 19.53 had the greatest impact, norms with an average of 13.18 and customs with an average of 12.98 had the least impact, and beliefs with an average of 16.89 and art and cultural heritage with an average of 17.93 were in the average level of influence. According to demographic factors, the research results indicate that there is no significant difference between the scores of cultural components according to age. But there is a significant difference in terms of education and gender.

Keywords: cultural elements, value, norm, religion, customs, art, efficient management, blessed place

Introduction

One of the manifestations of servitude and adherence to the command and prohibition of God and following the verse of Karima Maudat, expressing interest in the family of innocence and purity and declaring love combined with obedience It is related to them, of course, according to the Qur'an, its benefits return to the people of faith. And one of the other obvious signs of this responsible affection is the fascination and respect and honor of those related to the family tree of Prophethood and Governorship, and in a clear and simple way, visiting and honoring the descendants of Imams and the heirs of knowledge, asceticism, and martyrdom of this family. As a place with a spiritual-social base, the shrines and Bekaa Motabaraka have always been of interest to researchers from various historical, cultural and social aspects. Because holy places are directly related to the culture of a nation, and culture is the result of different social, religious and historical aspects of that nation. Religious centers have been the focus of the leaders and believers of this religion since the beginning of Islam. After the martyrdom of Imams (AS) and the creation of holy praise, these places, in addition to the function of mosques, were considered as the centers of the formation of justice-seeking and anti-unrighteous government movements; Various pressures in different eras to dissuade people from visiting these places, which took place in the form of banning pilgrimage, indicate the strong role of these religious centers. The graves of Imam Zadegan - many of whom were religious leaders themselves and were martyred in Jihad with similar rulers - had a function similar to the function of the sacred honor of the Imams, but on a smaller and sometimes regional scale. Meanwhile, the role of this blessed place in the formation of religious culture deserves attention; Because the many teachings of these elders in the field of scientific, practical and defensive jihad have provided the basis for the design of religious values ??and, accordingly, the presentation of a system of culture-building indicators. Based on this, in this chapter, the statement of the problem, the importance and necessity of the research, the goals and questions, and finally the theoretical and operational definitions of some terms and concepts have been discussed. The great Islamic civilization has also benefited from this element with all its capacities for its continuity. In the meantime, the blessed Beqaa of Imam Zadegan, as a solid and reassuring cultural base, have always been a part of these cultural capacities of Islam, especially Shiite Islam. (Habibi Sisera, 2012). The concept of culture was first used by the English anthropologist Sir Edward Barnett Taylor [1] in 1871. He considers culture as a complex set including: "Knowledge, beliefs, art, laws, ethics, customs and other capabilities and habits that a person learns as a member of society."(Cozer [2], 1387:44)

Basically, a culture and its more complex and advanced form, i.e. civilization, has several main pillars which are:" Science, order, security, unity and cooperation. According to many thinkers, prophets and religions have been the main founders of the formation of these cultural factors" (Hijazi 1349: 25). With this statement, Imam Zadegan, which is defined in line with the function of prophets, even if on a smaller scale, is a factor in creating these pillars. In addition, the role of Imam Zadegan in shaping the cultural characteristics of Islam should not be ignored. In the practical life of Imam Zadegan, we can say that He pointed out the characteristics of culture-builder: emigration for the propagation of religion, patience and standing on the way to the realization of the ideal, self-sacrifice and sacrifice of life and property on the way to the realization of the goal, tendency to focus on the task with an eye on the result, promotion of religious knowledge, etc., each of these, in addition to confirming and emphasizing that the culture of Islam is a value-oriented culture, also played a significant role in the formation and continuation of the religious culture (Habibi Sisera, 2012). Management, as one of the main pillars of development in recent years, has played an important and extensive role in the national destiny of many countries, and as a result, we need it in human activities and social life. The knowledge of management in our country has a long history, and the teachings of Islam in the field of leadership and management and the valuable experiences that have been gained from the application of management principles in the last century have the ability to draw wide conclusions that can explain the points. Effectiveness plays an important role in efficient management. All managers, at all levels and types of organizations, are responsible for providing conditions so that people can have the best participation in the group's goals, and managers can perform their duties well when they have a complete understanding of external factors, such as economic, social, technological, political, and ethical factors that will affect their performance (Rahmani and Nasrabadi, 2012). In the Shiite custom, Imamzadeh refers to the children or grandchildren of the pure Imams (a.s.) and it refers to their blessed tombs and tombs.  Since the function of Imamzadegan is diverse and numerous and includes religious, historical, artistic, psychological, political, economic, social and cultural functions (Asghari, 2012). Also, the prestige of Imamzadehs in Iran, so that their existence in many cases were considered the main reasons for the initial establishment or subsequent development of cities. Imamzadegan receive their pilgrims from the city, villages or nearby cities and promote religious tourism (Costa[3], 1996). Religious tourism is considered a common motivation for travel today.  This type of building has played an essential role in the Islamic architecture of Iran in terms of history, art, religion, and society, and in each region, according to the shape and function of the building, they are called by various names such as dome, tomb, mazar, maqbare, tomb, tomb, maqam, tomb, threshold, dome, and imamzadeh. "These buildings were built in his burial place in order to honor the memory of the deceased person, who was often one of the children and descendants of Imams (a.s.) and religious, literary and scientific greats" (Helen Brand, 1386: 317).

Having a relationship with great people is one of the best ways and methods of education. On the other hand, the spiritual influence and nobility of great spirits on others cannot be denied either. Prophets and divine saints are the best models that humans can benefit from communicating with them, in the path of their growth and evolution. This connection has been presented in the form of "pilgrimage". People's acceptance of places of pilgrimage in all heavenly and human religions, as well as the desire of Muslims to visit holy places and graves, are not hidden from anyone. For example, only among Iranians, millions of pilgrims travel to pilgrimage sites every year and get spiritual benefits. Since pilgrimage sites are the largest base for the crystallization of religious and heavenly teachings, they have played, have and will play a fundamental and huge role in providing a fundamental strategy in the movement of human history. Pilgrimage places are the most important base for drawing and regulating the movement of history in the future of humanity, and as the center of gravity and the main focus of global developments and cultural management of humanity, it will reveal its capacities and capabilities. (Mousavi and Nili, 2012). Durkheim strongly emphasizes the fact that religions are never just a matter of belief. All religions involve regular rituals and rituals in which a group of believers gather. In collective ceremonies, the sense of group solidarity is confirmed and strengthened