Investigating the most important administrative-service obstacles affecting the export of non-oil products in Hormozgan province

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Management

Development of exports and internationalization of companies in a general classification depends on the status of two factors: a) the internal environment of the organization and b) the external environment of the organization. A set of external factors affecting the organization's export performance can be called service administrative factors. In other words, an export company after marketing, production and preparation of the product in the process of leaving the country faces the performance of various government and private institutions and devices. In this research, the most important hindering activities of this part of the export process were identified. The present research method is descriptive, survey and analysis. With the help of random sampling, 35 companies were selected for field research. The results of the first hypothesis test showed that there is a significant difference between the obstruction of export service administrative activities. Two activities "Evaluation of the goods by the evaluation service expert." and "settlement of claims" show the most obstacles. The results of the second hypothesis test also showed that there is a significant difference between the obstructionism of these organizations and institutions, just like the first hypothesis. The least obstacle is created by the commercial organization in the administrative path of export services. "Currency transferors" and "claims settlement agencies" are the most hindering. In the test of the third hypothesis, the results showed that the activity of "receiving the goods (by the border customs) and matching the cargo with the issued license" faces an increase in obstacles with the change in the export record. According to the fourth hypothesis, with the increase in organizational size, the hindrance of the "postal company" increases.

Introduction

In the literature of economic development, various strategies are known to move in the direction of development. The experience of economic development in different countries is different, but each way has strengths and limitations. In this framework, attention to export-oriented production and trade is of particular importance. In fact, export is a symbol of the thinking and production and employment potential of a society because it brings wealth and wealth to the people of the society. Getting rid of the single-product economy and diversifying foreign exchange earnings and continuously increasing the share of non-oil exports will reduce the vulnerability of the economic, political, social and cultural structure of the society and prevent the postponement of the implementation of the country's economic plans from abnormal market fluctuations and cover the risk of investments. It is in this situation that the main pillar in the efficiency of capital, i.e. investment security, is provided and the wheel of development begins.

In general, the trading of goods between human beings and different societies has long been subject to specific rules and regulations. Although these rules or regulations may be very simple and basic and do not have a written form. Over time, with the growth of societies and the prosperity and development of trade, the terms and regulations of trade gained the necessary importance and credibility, and governments with goals such as "creating order and establishing regulations in the matter of foreign exchange", "earning foreign exchange earnings", "protecting the interests of the society", "protecting consumer rights", "supporting new industries", "preventing unhealthy competition" and "maintaining the level of employment" and in some cases "considerations", formulated political and They approved the regulations which were called "Principles and Rules of Trade" or "Export and Import Regulations".

However, the excessive increase in rules and regulations not only confuses and despairs the businessmen, but also makes their employees and managers and even the legislators unable to understand the various laws correctly. Of course, it should also be mentioned that the existence of regulations does not always lead to the emergence of rituals; Sometimes, the lack of clear and distinct regulations and methods has created the basis for the creation of self-made rituals. This research, by reviewing the literature on the subject and studies conducted in the field of obstacles facing exporters, while analyzing the types of obstacles facing exports, by surveying exporters, has identified the most important obstacles in the administrative-service sector of non-oil exports in Hormozgan province and analyzes the factors affecting the nature of these obstacles. In fact, that part of the export process that an exporter faces after the product is produced and ready for export, when the product leaves the country and receives it to the buyer, is analyzed and possible bottlenecks are examined.

1-2) Description and statement of the problem

From a long time ago, the motivations and benefits of export have always been the concern of economists; Some of his ideas still retain their freshness despite the age of their tools. For example, the ideas of the great thinker of economics, "John Stuart Mill", which was presented by quoting and inspired by "David Ricardo" in the 19th century and briefly includes the following:

1- By means of exports, a country will be able to import goods that it cannot produce itself.

2- With the development of exports, global productive forces are employed in places and sectors that are more efficient and productive. And as a result, global production will grow to its maximum extent. 3- The development of exports will naturally reduce prices and ultimately consumers will benefit from it. 4- Expanding and encouraging exports is a factor that will organize production for larger markets, and as a result, more appropriate and less expensive production methods will be used due to the tight competition in those markets. 5- The truth is that More production in one place, in any way, is effective in increasing the inventory of the world's productive forces (Hashemian Esfahani, 2014, pp. 38-37). Therefore, the development of exports will increase income and employment, and due to economies of scale or improvement of production methods, the efficiency and productivity of production factors will be improved; And if there are unused production capacities and incomplete employment in developing countries, (which actually exists) increasing production and exports not only does not increase domestic prices, but increasing efficiency, economies of scale and improving production techniques expands the amount of domestic production (even with fixed data) and reduces the prices of domestically produced goods (Hashmian Isfahani, 2014, p. 38).

The success of organizations The exporter in the international markets is not accidental. Encouraging organizations to export and the internationalization of start-up companies depends on the status of two factors: a) the internal environment (such as the demographic characteristics of the business institution (number, age, gender, education, etc.) as well as the competencies of the organization, the motivations and attitudes of the senior manager) and b) the external environment (such as the type and level of competition for scarce interests in the domestic market and the policies and services to encourage exports in start-up companies) (Wested, 1995, p. 9); Therefore, paying attention to the various dimensions of empowering organizations, cultivating their internal environment and trying to align the external environment of the organization with the export goals of the companies is one of the inescapable principles of policy makers in formulating export policies and export development.

Figure 1. Export process.

* Source: (Molvi Khorasani, 1382, pp. 71-77 and 21)

With attention According to the process described in picture 1, two main parts can be distinguished in the export of goods:

1- Marketing, contracting and preparation and packaging of goods

2- Trading (sending the goods to the customer) (Molvi Khorasani, 1382, p. 70)

An export company, after marketing and producing and preparing the product, in the process of leaving the country (product trading), faces the performance of various government and private institutions and devices. which can be called one of the external factors affecting the export success of a company according to the definition provided by Wested, regarding the effective factors of export (on the previous page).

The development of two important trends in the international arena (globalization and technology growth) encourages and encourages governments to take more and more suitable steps in order to create and develop structural coordination in the main and official body of the government and government institutions in order to be able to change and continue their life competitively (Da'ai, 2015, p. 5). Different countries have established various organizations and institutions for the success of their export system, it should be noted that the number of influential institutions and institutions related to non-oil exports cannot guarantee the development of exports, but their efficiency can have a positive impact in this direction. Moreover, it is possible that the number of the above-mentioned devices is high, which itself can be considered as a hindering factor in the country's exports through the spread of incorrect bureaucracy (Nadri, Akhavi and Hakimi, 1371, p. 318).