Review, analysis and discovery of planning frameworks for the world in the United Nations

Dissertation for Master's degree

in general MBA field

Abstract:

                      The common destiny of humans has placed planning for the world in a special position, whose inherent differences with planning for companies, non-profit institutions and international and global organizations have necessitated further exploration. Knowing the current process of planning for the world was the first step in this direction that the present research (due to the lack of theory in this field) was carried out in line with such a goal. By examining the research methods that were able to explain the process and theory production, the systematic basis theory research method was found to be suitable, and based on this research method, the United Nations, as the most important organization involved in the planning process for the world, was chosen for the study, because by limiting the research to it, the possibility of research was provided (with regard to time limits), and on the other hand, its breadth and the existence of numerous databases and available documents, provided the possibility of flexibility and search for the researcher and not to make theory production sterile. By using the process of this research method, the current paradigm of planning for the world in the United Nations and its central category, human development ideology, and its role in the integration of the four founding ideas of the United Nations, namely security, human rights expansion, country independence, and economic and social development, were identified, and its comparison with subsequent documents also provided the possibility of theory saturation. The application of the trend tool also led to the recognition of some turning points in the process of planning for the world in the United Nations, including the role of the Keynesian school, approaches to economic growth, human resources, basic and livelihood needs in the United Nations, the effects of the science of intimidation, the Chicago School of Economics, the central contribution and influence of the Chicago School in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and the consequences of these effects on human development and the resulting programs.

Key words:

Planning for the world, ideology of human development, United Nations, systematic basic theory

Introduction:

The aim of the present research is to investigate, analyze and discover the frameworks of planning for the world in the United Nations and its main question is how the United Nations plans for the world. Finding the answer to this question can be effective in improving the planning for the world and the effectiveness of the United Nations, and it can also improve the planning of large countries and open a way to create a new understanding of the concept of planning. This research has been done using the systematic grounded theory method (in terms of its compatibility with the research) and therefore, the chapters of this research differ from the order of the content in quantitative methods due to its qualitative nature [i]. 

1-2 Statement of the problem [ii]:

1-2-1 The ideas of the researcher:

    Two issues from childhood in the mind of the researcher (due to the cultural context in which he was placed), became important concerns: the interest in theorizing (and moving in the sphere of sciences) and the human fulfillment of the mission before the society (later interest in the topic of planning was also added to them). The researcher's understandings of religious concepts such as Imam Ali's (pbuh) reference to obtaining an agreement from the wise to not be satisfied with the hunger of the oppressed (Dashti, 1386) and the participation of the Holy Prophet of Islam (pbuh) in the oath of oath before the mission (with some who later remained polytheists) and the Prophet's pride in it even after the mission (Sabhani, 1373; "Halaf al-fadhul", 1391) and previous interests The statement drew the researcher's attention to the fact that eradicating extreme poverty is a central issue, and therefore made him explore how extreme poverty can be overcome. Of course, finding the answer to the question of how low-income economies in today's world can be on the path of sustainable economic development, in order to achieve the immediate goal of reducing poverty and the long-term goal of achieving wealth similar to developed economies, is in fact the ultimate goal of economic development [iii] (Azad, 2009). Some time passed to examine individual and group efforts, but the feeling arose that such efforts, although effective, are insufficient and there is a need for a coherent and comprehensive program at the country level so that the dispersion of activities does not cause the degeneration of energies. Therefore, creating institutions for effective organization of collective actions (Azad, 2008) seemed necessary. On the other hand, to eradicate extreme poverty in a country, suitable platforms and other parallel programs are also needed and these programs should be integrated.Compiling such programs is beyond the power of unstructured individuals and groups and requires the creation of more specialized organizations such as a political party, non-governmental organization or the creation of a powerful government (Azad, 2009). Examining the achievements of different countries shows that although the level of impact of programs on eradicating extreme poverty increases with the formation of specialized institutions or a powerful government [iv], compared to individual and group activities, but globalization [v] and even transglobalization [vi] has increased the mutual effects of programs implemented in different countries on each other, and the need for cooperation and a global program (and a global organization) is felt from this point of view (for example, one of the development goals of the third millennium [vii], environmental sustainability and preventing adverse changes in water and It is the air that is caused by carbon dioxide and pollutants. Developed governments want to tax companies that pollute the environment in developing countries, and the governments of developing countries also want to receive subsidies from their major role in environmental pollution. The combination of these two views requires cooperation between nations to solve the problem of pollutants such as carbon dioxide (Azad, 2010). Therefore, to fight poverty, it comes to mind to use the opportunity and possibility of a global organization like the United Nations. Creating an organization to coordinate global activities is the same idea that has led to the establishment of the United Nations and then to the establishment of the United Nations with numerous specialized organizations for planning world peace, then for economic and social activities, and later for other activities (United Nations Information Center-Tehran, 1389; Tadbir Ekhetaz Research Institute, 1382). As it was said, it seems that eradicating extreme poverty can be successful within a comprehensive program by looking at other programs and influencing factors, and with a brief look at the planning process in the United Nations, we are witnessing greater integration in planning during the 1990s, which ultimately led to the preparation of the third millennium development goals. But in practice, it seems that the programs designed in the United Nations and the effects of their implementation are not felt much among global citizens, and even many elites or government decision-makers do not know about these programs, let alone try to implement them. Changing the policies of countries during the years of implementation of programs such as the development goals of the third millennium also adds to the cause, and the achievements of poverty eradication are either not observed or, where they are observed, they are under threat. With these words, addressing the concern of eradicating poverty requires thinking about the phenomenon of planning for the world in an organization like the United Nations, especially with changes such as globalization and transglobalization [viii], the emergence of information technology, electronic commerce, new economic crises and terrorism, it becomes important to understand the complexities of this planning, so that with such an understanding, it is possible to review the performance of the United Nations and similar global organizations in future research. On the other hand, by digging into the research topics of Harvard University theorists [1] in the field of planning (Harvard Business School, 2011) and including Porter's works [2] (especially his and his colleagues' research titled Global Health, which deals with the necessity of integrating the learnings of strategic management with health planning for the world, considering the difference between rich and poor countries in terms of infrastructure and human and financial resources (Jane, Wayne Traub, Ratigan, Porter and Kim, 2008), the knowledge gap in planning for the world sparks in the mind[ix]. Therefore, it seems that examining the question "How does the United Nations plan for the world?" will also satisfy the concern of presenting a theory in the field of planning and dealing with a novel issue and movement in the sphere of science [x]. Figure 1-1 shows the thought process leading to the question of how the United Nations plans for the world. 1-2-2- Concerns of the United Nations: Planning for the world is one of the most important activities of the United Nations. Perhaps, at first glance, the way the United Nations plans for the world seems clear. In Figure 2-1, the United Nations system can be seen at a glance. But what is understood from the description of this system (Sido, 2003), provides only a mechanical understanding, which is not very helpful for UN planners. Today, the United Nations is facing concerns that require a more accurate understanding of the world planning process in the United Nations. Various services have never been requested from the United Nations to this extent.