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Investigating the effect of financial resources on the educational performance of education districts in Gilan province

Number of pages: 139 File Format: word File Code: 30672
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Management
Tags/Keywords: Education - Educational performance - Financial resources
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  • Summary of Investigating the effect of financial resources on the educational performance of education districts in Gilan province

    Academic Thesis for Master's Degree

    Field: Business Management, Major: Finance

    Abstract

    How to improve the level of educational effectiveness to realize a knowledge-based economy is one of the basic challenges facing managers and planners, and in this regard, various policies have been used, of which the change in the mechanisms of providing and allocating financial resources is one of the most important. Today, educational financing has faced problems due to the increasing demand for it, on the one hand, and the general limitation of the financial resources of this sector, on the other hand. In Iran, few researches have been conducted to evaluate the extent and manner of the influence of educational factors, but the influence and importance of financial resources in educational performance, especially in the educational districts of Gilan province, have not been investigated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of financial resources on the educational performance of the educational districts of Gilan province. The statistical population of the research is all the 33 educational districts of Gilan province from the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2012. In order to test research hypotheses and data analysis, consolidated data model and estimation methods including random effects model, generalized least squares method, Chow test, Hausman test and Durbin-Watson test have been used. The research findings indicate the confirmation of all six sub-hypotheses, but in the third and fourth hypothesis, they are more significant and more effective in educational performance, and the research results indicate that public assistance is more effective in educational performance and has a meaningful relationship with it.

    Key words: educational performance, financial resources, education and training

    Introduction

    The current era with the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization, structural changes and fundamental changes. It has imposed numerous problems in the economic, commercial and human resources dimensions to organizations in the field of competition. The new challenges faced by organizations have made the importance of strategic planning more clear for managers, because today, strategic thinking and moving on the basis of strategies enable organizations to face and successfully adapt to such a competitive and dynamic environment. The existence of the organization guides it to its desirable and ideal state, which is drawn in the vision document of the organization (Sabri, 2013).

    Education has always been closely related to the progress of societies, and in most countries, attention to the knowledge-based economy is a special priority. The theoretical model of economic growth has emphasized various mechanisms through which education can affect economic growth (Morrill and Smith, 2011). How to improve the level of educational effectiveness for the realization of a knowledge-based economy has been one of the basic challenges facing managers and planners, and in this regard, various policies have been used, of which the change in mechanisms for providing and allocating financial resources is one of the most important.

    Currently, educational financing has faced problems due to the increasing demand for it, on the one hand, and the general limitation of the financial resources of this sector, on the other hand. This problem started during the 1980s with the reduction of the share of educational expenses in the national GDP, the main reason of which was the limitation of the supply of government financial resources. This process has also started in the last few years in the developing countries, in most of which the educational financing was the responsibility of the government.  

    In Iran, a few researches have been conducted to evaluate the extent and manner of the effect of educational factors, but the effect and importance of financial resources in educational performance, especially in the educational areas of Gilan province, have not been investigated, therefore, the present research is conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of financial resources on the educational performance of the educational areas of Gilan province. In today's era, what empowers the managers of these organizations in facing the economic, technical and knowledge challenges ahead is the optimal use of facilities, resources and potential capacities in different parts of the organization.Obviously, it is not possible to achieve this important goal without managers' full and sufficient understanding of the desirability and quality of their facilities, activities, and performance results in the current complex and dynamic environments (Doygun and Pazioras: 189:2010). The educational system is a very complex process that has inputs, processes and outputs like any other system. Analyzing the educational system or studying and recognizing its components or components through the introduction and selection of indicators of different sectors, access to educational opportunities, educational space and equipment, human resources, internal and external efficiency and finally financial resources, is the first step in the planning and future-proofing process of this infrastructure sector and knowledge-based economy. Today, providing financial resources for education around the world, especially in developing countries, is facing a serious crisis because on the one hand, the increase in demand for education through rapid population growth, the tendency of families to provide education for their children, the relatively higher income of literate and highly educated people compared to other members of the society, and also the emphasis on enjoying social rights, on the other hand, the phenomenon of globalization, the ever-increasing growth of information technology and its application and use in everyday life, and most importantly, the limitation of financial resources and the structural budget deficit in education systems. This has made the problem more acute. Considering this importance and the importance and place of education in the country's growth and development process and the lack and deficit of financial resources for education, the investigation of the evolution of financial indicators and the trend of changes in financial resources allocated to education based on various effective and practical financial indicators or indicators can be used as a tool in the process of budgeting and allocating resources to this infrastructure sector of the knowledge-based economy, used by officials and practitioners, policy makers and macro planners, and especially decision makers in the provision, allocation and distribution of financial resources for education. Gird (Saraf et al., 2015).

    Obviously, this matter is of particular importance in schools, which are the center of creativity in the direction of producing and promoting knowledge, and managers of educational institutions must also evaluate the performance of educational groups and units in order to achieve optimal performance and exploit all available resources and facilities (Bob Cook and Julian [1], 2009). The important point is that schools and educational districts are dependent on the abundance, amount and manner of allocation of financial resources (Nadri, 2019). In other words, without sufficient financial resources, educational units as well as educational districts cannot attract the required human capital, they cannot provide suitable space and educational equipment, provide teaching resources and so on. It is not possible for them (Deacon and Hasten, 2010). Therefore, the budget and financial resources are considered one of the most important educational factors. Therefore, the best way to understand the issue and dimensions of financing education is to consider it as a matter based on decision-making, because the financing of education reflects the political mechanisms for decision-making in each society (Levin, 1381: 398). For the scientific evaluation of these issues and debates, the resource allocation process (per capita) and the relationship between financial resources and educational performance should be analyzed and evaluated so that it can be understood that the "main issue" of education is the amount of resources or the "how to use resources" in this context, the educational performance and academic progress of students should be examined and the factors affecting it should be evaluated.

    Given the importance of financial resource allocation on the development process and advancement of knowledge in education, this research aims to investigate the effect of financial resources on the educational performance of the regions. Education in Gilan province has been carried out. Do financial resources have an effect on the educational performance of education districts in Gilan province? 1-3 The importance and necessity of research Education without evaluation and feedback is sterile and without success (Khademi and Fakhrzadeh, 2013:24). Education is an important arm of the provision of knowledge services and occupies the major part of the country's scientific resources. Considering the limited resources of education and the country, proper allocation of resources, application of scientific management, correct and principled planning will be an important step in achieving the goals of the scientific system. The current research has shown that to improve the level of educational performance, the use of financial resources system is one of the important priorities, which, along with comprehensive planning and a proper control and supervision system in a principled structure, can provide reasons for improving the level of performance (Sadeghi and Zare, 2018).

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of financial resources on the educational performance of education districts in Gilan province

    List:

    Table of Contents

    Title

    Abstract 1

    Chapter One: Research Overview

    1-1 Introduction. 3

    1-2 statement of the problem. 4

    1-3 The importance and necessity of research. 5

    1-4 research objectives. 6

    1-4-1 main goal. 6

    1-4-2 Sub-goals. 6

    1-5 research hypotheses. 7

    1-6 conceptual model of research. 7

    1-7 Definition of terms and words 8

    1-7-1 Conceptual definition. 8

    1-7-1-1 educational performance. 8

    1-7-1-2 financial resources. 8

    1-7-2 operational definition. 8

    1-7-2-1 educational performance. 8

    1-7-2-2 financial resources. 8

    1-8 research domain (temporal, spatial, thematic) 9

    1-8-1 temporal domain. 9

    1-8-2 spatial territory. 9

    1-8-3 Subject area. 9

    1-9 Summary. 10

    Chapter Two: Research Literature

    Part One: Educational Performance

    2-1 Educational Performance. 13

    2-1-1 Introduction. 13

    2-1-2 concept of performance 13

    2-1-3 performance management 14

    2-1-4 performance evaluation 16

    2-1-5 importance and necessity of performance review 17

    2-1-6 performance management process 17

    2-1-7 definition of training. 19

    2-1-8 Education. 19

    2-1-9 Evaluation of educational performance. 20

    2-1-10 Evaluation of academic progress. 21

    2-1-11 Educational evaluation approaches and models. 22

    2-1-11-1 Goal-based approach. 22

    2-1-11-2 management-based approach. 22

    2-1-11-3 consumer-based approach 23

    2-1-11-4 approach based on expert opinion. 23

    2-1-11-5 approach based on experts' disagreement. 23

    2-1-11-6 naturalistic approach based on participants. 23

    Second part: financial resources

    2-2 Financial resources. 25

    2-2-1 Introduction. 25

    2-2-2 Definitions of financial resources. 25

    2-2-3 types of financial resources. 26

    2-2-3-1 government. 26

    2-2-3-2 quasi-commercial activities. 27

    2-2-3-3 Amani. 27

    2-2-4 financial resources of education. 27

    2-2-4-1 Adequacy of financial resources. 28

    2-2-4-2 efficiency of financial resources. 31

    2-2-4-3 Distribution of financial resources. 32

    2-2-4-4 Government credits (per capita) 32

    2-2-4-5 Aids of the public sector. 33

    2-2-4-6 Public sector grants. 33

    2-2-5 methods of providing financial resources for education. 34

    2-2-6 The role of the government in providing financial resources for education. 34

    The third part: Research background

    2-3 Research background. 37

    2-3-1 Internal investigation. 37

    2-3-2 Foreign research. 38

    Chapter Three: Methodology of Research Implementation

    Part I: Generalities of Research Methodology

    3-1 Generalities of Research Methodology. 42

    3-1-1 Introduction. 42

    3-1-2 Society, sample and sampling method. 42

    3-1-3 Data collection and classification 43

    3-1-3-1 Library resources. 43

    3-1-3-2 statistical and econometric software. 43

    3-1-4 Introduction of multivariate regression model to test research hypotheses. 44

    3-1-4-1 The model used for the main hypothesis. 44

    3-1-4-2 The model used for the first sub-hypothesis. 44

    3-1-4-3 The model used for the second sub-hypothesis 44

    3-1-4-4 The model used for the third sub-hypothesis 44

    3-1-4-5 The model used for the fourth sub-hypothesis 45

    3-1-4-6 The model used for the fifth sub-hypothesis 45

    3-1-4-7 The model used for the sixth sub-hypothesis 45 46

    3-1-5-2 being normal. 46

    3-1-5-3 Variance heterogeneity. 47

    3-1-5-4 self-correlation. 48

    3-1-5-5 parallel. 49

    3-1-5-6 meaning of variables 49

    Part II: Integrated data model and estimation methods

    3-2-1 Introduction. 52

    3-2-2 types of consolidated data models. 52

    3-2-3 Static consolidated data model 53

    3-2-3-1 Constant coefficient model (CCM) 53

    3-2-3-2 Fixed effects model (FEM) 53

    3-2-3-3 Random effects model (REM) 53

    3-2-4 Dynamic consolidated data model 54

    3-2-5 trading system estimation techniques. 54

    3-2-5-1 ordinary least squares method (ols)54

    3-2-5-1 Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method 54

    3-2-5-2 Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method 55

    3-2-5-3 Generalized Moment Method (GMM) 55

    3-2-6 Tests related to choosing an estimation model in a static pooled data 56

    3-2-6-1 CHOW test. 56

    3-2-6-2 Hausman test. 57

    3-2-7 summary and conclusion. 57

    Chapter Four: Data Analysis and Research Findings

    4-1 Introduction. 59

    4-2 descriptive statistics of research data. 59

    4-3 The results of preliminary tests and estimates 61

    4-3-1 The first sub-hypothesis. 61

    4-3-1-1 Chaw test of the first sub-hypothesis. 62

    4-3-1-2 Hausman test of the first sub-hypothesis. 62

    4-3-1-3 test of the first sub-hypothesis according to the determined models 63

    4-3-2 of the second sub-hypothesis 64

    4-3-2-1 Chow test (CHOW) of the second sub-hypothesis 65

    4-3-2-2 Hausman test of the second sub-hypothesis 65

    4-3-2-3 Second sub-hypothesis test according to the determined models 66

    4-3-3 Third sub-hypothesis 67

    4-3-3-1 Chow test of the third sub-hypothesis 67

    4-3-3-2 Hausman test of the third sub-hypothesis 68

    4-3-3-3 Sub-hypothesis test Third according to the determined models 69

    4-3-4 fourth sub-hypothesis 70

    4-3-4-1 Chow test (CHOW) fourth sub-hypothesis 71

    4-3-4-2 Hausman test of the fourth sub-hypothesis 71

    4-3-4-3 test of the fourth sub-hypothesis according to the determined models 72

    4-3-5 Fifth sub-hypothesis 73

    4-3-5-1 Chow test (CHOW) fifth sub-hypothesis 73

    4-3-5-2 Hausman test of fifth sub-hypothesis 74

    4-3-5-3 Test of the fifth sub-hypothesis according to the determined models 75

    4-3-6 Sixth sub-hypothesis 76

    4-3-6-1 Chow test (CHOW) Sixth sub-hypothesis 76

    4-3-6-2 Hausman test of the sixth sub-hypothesis 77

    4-3-6-3 Test of the sixth sub-hypothesis according to the determined models 77

    4-4 Manai test. 78

    4-5 summary and conclusion. 80

    Chapter Five: Discussion, Conclusion and Suggestions

    5-1 Introduction. 82

    5-2 Descriptive statistics results. 82

    5-3 Inferential statistics results. 83

    5-3-1 The first sub-hypothesis. 85

    5-3-2 Second sub-hypothesis 85

    5-3-3 Third sub-hypothesis 85

    5-3-4 Fourth sub-hypothesis 86

    5-3-5 Fifth sub-hypothesis 86

    5-3-6 Sixth sub-hypothesis 87

    5-4 Limitations Research. 87

    5-5 Suggestions for future researchers. 88

    Resources and sources 89

    Appendix. 94

    Source:

    Persian sources

    1-Armstrong, Michael (1385), performance management, translated by Dr. Behrouz Qalichkhani, Dr. Dariush Gholamzadeh, Tehran, Iran Industrial Research Training Center

    2- Ansari, Abdullah (1389), examining the role of the government in providing financial resources for education in Iran, Educational Sciences, No. 104, 31-58.

    3- Ahmadi, Akbar and Behkish, Mohammad Mahdi (1382), a model for program allocation and control of financial resources using fuzzy logic, planning and budgeting, No. 82, 120-81.

    4- Platoni, Abbas Nikbakht, Laili, 1389, application of econometrics in accounting research, financial management and economic sciences, Terme Publications, first edition, p. 23-108.

    5- Alwani, Seyed Mehdi (2013), General Management, Tehran, Nei Publication, 36th edition

    6- Elahi, Shaaban and Heydari, Bahman (2017), Customer Relationship Management, Second Edition, Tehran, Business Publishing Company Affiliated to Business Studies and Research Institute

    7- Iranzadeh, Suleiman, Bagheri, Daoud and Azaransab, Asghar (2017), presenting a fuzzy evaluation tree model for evaluating employee performance evaluation systems and choosing the appropriate evaluation system for East Azerbaijan Islamic Azad University units, Beyond Management, No. 17, 55-89.

    8- Bayazi, Ali; Aghili, Hassan and Moin Najafabadi, Faqiheh (2008), comprehensive model of organization performance management, Tadbir Magazine, No. 211, 54-49.

    9- Bigham Azad, Masoumeh (2008), the effect of company size on profit forecasting error in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, Master's Thesis of Business Administration, Azad University, Rasht Branch. New approaches to evaluate the performance of organizations, two monthly police human development magazine, number 12, 9-30

    11- Jaafari Sarasht, Davood (2009) Presenting an experimental model of the effect of privatization on the liquidity of the Tehran Stock Exchange, PhD thesis, University of Tehran.

Investigating the effect of financial resources on the educational performance of education districts in Gilan province
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