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Prioritization and evaluation of good urban governance indicators in tourism destination cities

Number of pages: 182 File Format: word File Code: 30628
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Management
Tags/Keywords: Good urban governance - Hierarchical analysis - Importance analysis - performance - tourism - Tourist destination cities - Urban management
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  • Summary of Prioritization and evaluation of good urban governance indicators in tourism destination cities

    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management, Strategic Orientation

    Abstract

    Traditional approaches to urban management in Iran have created a confrontational atmosphere instead of an interactive atmosphere between citizens and municipalities, which good urban governance is one of the ways to deal with it. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively understand the importance of good urban governance and to evaluate the performance of good urban governance indicators in sample cities of tourist destinations (Chalus, Noor, Babolsar and Tonkabon). The method of research and data collection is a survey and analysis based on a questionnaire, which, after confirming the validity of the questionnaire, was given to prominent experts, consulting engineers and members of the specialized urban planning group of the engineering system of Mazandaran province, as well as expert professors of Mazandaran University. IPA and AHP methods were used for statistical analysis. The prioritization and performance of the indicators were obtained from both methods in the same way, and the most important indicator with the lowest performance was determined to be the citizens' participation index, which is the cornerstone of good urban governance as a participatory management method. The security index also had the highest performance in these cities. Finally, it was concluded that good urban governance indicators, despite their high importance, had a low performance in urban management in the studied cities, and solutions were presented to improve it.

    Key words: good urban governance, importance-performance analysis, hierarchical analysis, tourism destination cities.

    Chapter 1: Research overview

    Introduction

    Today, the population of people living in urban areas is All periods of human history are more. The process of urbanization is irreversible (Mustafa Gadami et al., 2011). It is estimated that the world's urban population will double by 2025 and reach more than 5 billion people, with more than 90% of this growth occurring in developing countries (United Nations Habitat Program[1], 2003). On the other hand, today's world is facing challenges that are caused by the transformations resulting from the progress of science and industry and the design of new organizational and social needs. In today's changing world, governments alone will not be able to respond to new needs. This important thing requires a new model that can use all the capacities of the society in the public, private and civil sectors to maximize the production and provision of public services (Rafiian et al., 2019). In the modern urban management system, several models have been presented to solve these problems and challenges in urban life. One of these models, which is considered the dominant model in urban management [2], is the model of urban governance [3] (Ziari et al., 2019). Governance is a subject that focuses on how governments and other social organizations interact with each other, how to communicate with citizens and how to make decisions in a complex world, and it is a process through which societies and organizations make their decisions and determine who is involved in this process and how to perform their duties (Nobari et al., 2009). A complex, dynamic and diverse urban environment requires high management capacity, which good urban governance[4] can provide (Salehi, 2012). On the other hand, urban tourism is a complex combination of different activities, which is made up of connecting environmental characteristics and the city's capacity and elasticity in attracting visitors and providing services. The first condition for the success of any city in tourism development is the existence of proper urban infrastructure, the integration of all relevant organizations and wise and prudent management in the political, cultural and social fields. On the other hand, coordination and arrangement of city attractions, sustainable use of tourism resources, creation of resources and facilities that facilitate access to attractions, satisfaction of visitors and local control is the second necessary condition in tourism development (Dinari, 2014). In line with the realization of tourism, urban management, which is formed by organizing agents, forces and resources to manage affairs and respond to the needs of city residents, is the most important tool (Razaviyan, 2011). Importance and Necessity The conclusion of international organizations and institutions from good urban governance is in accordance with the functional analysis of the housing program in the last two decades. This experience emphasizes that neither capital, nor technology, nor even expertise is enough to manage the affairs of cities. Rather, favorable management is the distinguishing feature of an extroverted city with favorable management compared to a city with unfavorable management or an isolated city. Accordingly, the main move in the direction of good urban governance will be to reach an extroverted city.In an extroverted city, every person, regardless of wealth, gender, religion, race, and age, deserves a constructive and positive participation in the opportunities available in the city (Nazak Nobari et al., 2009). Through good urban governance, a type of development emerges in which the poor have priority, women's affairs are improved, a sustainable environment is created, and employment opportunities and welfare factors emerge. In this way, the concept of good governance and sustainable human development are inseparable (Mohammed Moedi, 2013) The purpose of good urban governance indicators is to measure and measure the quality of urban affairs. According to these indicators, each city can make regional and global comparisons based on the quality of urban governance, and the measurement process plays a significant role in improving the quality of local governance.

    Regarding the examination of the concept of good urban governance, its most important goals can be stated as follows:

    Reconstruction of civil society to strengthen and elevate more organizations, institutions and local communities

    Reducing poverty and social, ethnic and cultural segregation in cities

    Increasing participation and intervention of individuals and stakeholders in political processes within cities

    Also, good urban governance specifically pursues the following operational goals.

    Reducing corruption

    Improving the quality and increasing the possibility of life for all citizens

    Maintaining democracy

    Creating opportunities and possibilities for people to show their wishes and hopes in life

    Promoting security, equality and stability (United Nations Development Program[6], 2008). have experienced and according to this rapid growth of urbanization and also the absence of an efficient management system both in the past and now, it seems that the existence of a new management system that has a more dynamic attitude towards the city and citizens is necessary. Considering that the management of Iranian cities is at a low level (Mustafa Gadami et al., 2013), it seems that cities with tourism destinations [7] (as an example of the coastal cities of Mazandaran province) are not exempt from this rule and need a new and more dynamic system in order to achieve sustainable development. On the other hand, considering that the economy of tourism destination cities, especially the coastal cities of Mazandaran province, is strongly dependent on proper planning and management in order to improve the infrastructure of the urban tourism industry, and all their citizens are active members in this industry, and many of the jobs formed in tourism destination cities are created in line with this industry, the necessity of realizing good urban governance in these cities is undeniable due to its participatory nature [8].

    Statement Problem

    The terms governance[9] and government[10] have pure and specialized concepts that are sometimes used interchangeably regardless of the concept. But the age of governance goes back to the history of human civilization. The word governance is derived from the Greek word (kybernan[11]) and it means to guide and guide or to keep things together. While the concept of government refers to the political unit to perform the task of policy making and is more prominent than the implementation of policies. Therefore, it can be said that the word governance refers to being accountable [12] both in the field of policy making and in the field of implementation (Sharifian Thani, 2010). Governance can be seen as an action, method or system of administration in which the boundaries between organizations and the public and private sectors disappear in each other's shadow. The essence of governance refers to the existence of interactive relationships between and within the government and non-governmental forces (Barakpour, 2018). Urban governance [13], according to the definition of the United Nations ecosystem, is the totality of methods of planning and general management of the city by individuals, public institutions and private institutions, and it is also a continuous process through which opposing or conflicting interests are brought together and the basis for cooperation and interaction is provided. According to this definition, urban governance includes both formal institutions and informal actions and citizens' social capital (United Nations Human Settlements Program [14], 2007).

  • Contents & References of Prioritization and evaluation of good urban governance indicators in tourism destination cities

    List:

    Table of Contents

    Chapter One: General Research

    1-1 Introduction 2

    1-2 Importance and necessity 3

    1-3 Statement of the problem 5

    1-4. Research conceptual model 8

    1-5. Research goals 9

    1-5-1 Main goals 9

    1-5-2 Applied goals 9

    1-6 Research questions 9

    1-7 Research area 10

    1-7-1 Thematic area 10

    1-7-2 Time area 10

    1-7-3 Area Place 10

    1-8. Definition of words and terms 10 Chapter 2: Research literature Part 1: Theoretical foundations 2-1-1 Introduction 12 2-1-2 Urban management 13 2-1-3 Perspectives and theories flexible to urban management 13 2-1-3-1 Max Weber and the theory of bureaucracy 14

    2-1-3-2 Brian McLellin and the theory of urban governance and management 15

    2-1-3-3 Rex and Moore theory 16

    2-1-3-4 Paul's theory 17

    2-1-3-5 Richard Tardanico's theory 18

    2-1-4 Collaborative perspective and democracy in urban management 19

    2-1-4-1- Salaheddin Yildirim's theory 20

    2-1-4-2 Lyon Folkett's popular and elite participation theory 21

    2-1-4-3 John Turner's participatory theory 22

    2-1-4-4 James Mijli's participatory theory 23

    2-1-4-5 Sherry Ornstein's collaborative theory 24

    2-1-4-6 Scott Davidson's collaborative theory 25

    2-1-4-7 David Driskell's collaborative theory 25

    2-1-4-8 Mediation theory 27

    2-1-5 models Urban management 27 2-1-5-1 types of urban management models in America 29 2-1-5-2 types of urban management models in European countries 35 2-1-5-3 evolution of urban management models in Iran 39 2-1-5-1 summary 41 2-1-6 destination cities Tourism 42

    2-1-6-1 Noor City 44

    2-1-6-2 Chalus City 45

    2-1-6-3 Babolsar City 46

    2-1-6-4 Tonkabon City 48

    2-1-7 Urban Management and Tourism Development 49

    2-1-8 Definition of governance and its types 51 2-1-8-1 Governance 51 2-1-8-2 Urban governance 53 2-1-8-3 Urban governance 54 2-1-8-4 Difference between urban governance and urban governance 55

    2-1-8-5 Electronic governance 57

    2-1-8-6 Electronic governance and urban governance 59

    2-1-9 Objectives of urban governance 60

    2-1-10 Urban governance models 60

    2-1-11 Good governance 61

    2-1-12 Good urban governance 63

    2-1-13 Urban Governance and Quality of Life 66

    2-1-14 The Role of Local Institutions (Municipality and City Council) in Tourism Development 67

    Chapter Two - Part Two: Research Background

    2-2-1 Introduction 69

    2-2-2 Internal Researches 69

    2-2-3 Researches Foreign 71

    2-2-4 International and legal documents 72

    2-2-5 Actions of governments in the most important international conferences 72

    Chapter II - Part III: Explaining the components of the model

    2-3-3-1 Participation 75

    2-3-3-2 Rule of law 75

    2-3-3-3 Transparency 75

    2-3-3-4 Responsibility and accountability 75

    2-3-3-5 Accountability 75

    2-3-3-6 Strategic vision 75

    2-3-3-7 Consensus building 76

    2-3-3-8 Justice and fairness 76

    2-3-3-9 Security 76

    2-3-3-10 Effectiveness and Efficiency 76

    2-3-3-11 Decentralization 76

    Chapter Three: Research Methodology

    3-1 Introduction 77

    3-2 Research Methodology 78

    3-3 Statistical Society 79

    3-4 Statistical sample 80

    3-5 data collection method 82

    3-6 validity and reliability of the research tool 82

    3-7 data and information analysis method 83

    3-7-1 importance-performance analysis method 83

    3-7-1-1 formation of importance-performance matrix 84

    3-7-1-2 Analysis of the importance-performance matrix 86

    3-7-2 Hierarchical analysis method 87

    3-7-2-1 Decision problem modeling 88

    3-7-2-2 Comparison of importance and preference 88

    3-7-2-3 Examining the degree of consistency in judgments 89

    3-8 Summary 90

    Chapter Four: Data and Information Analysis

    4-1 Introduction 91

    4-2- Method of importance analysis - performanceDefinition of words and terms 10 Chapter 2: Research literature Part 1: Theoretical foundations 2-1-1 Introduction 12 2-1-2 Urban management 13 2-1-3 Perspectives and theories flexible to urban management 13 2-1-3-1 Max Weber and the theory of bureaucracy 14

    2-1-3-2 Brian McLellin and the theory of urban governance and management 15

    2-1-3-3 Rex and Moore theory 16

    2-1-3-4 Paul's theory 17

    2-1-3-5 Richard Tardanico's theory 18

    2-1-4 Collaborative perspective and democracy in urban management 19

    2-1-4-1- Salaheddin Yildirim's theory 20

    2-1-4-2 Lyon Folkett's popular and elite participation theory 21

    2-1-4-3 John Turner's participatory theory 22

    2-1-4-4 James Mijli's participatory theory 23

    2-1-4-5 Sherry Ornstein's collaborative theory 24

    2-1-4-6 Scott Davidson's collaborative theory 25

    2-1-4-7 David Driskell's collaborative theory 25

    2-1-4-8 Mediation theory 27

    2-1-5 models Urban management 27 2-1-5-1 types of urban management models in America 29 2-1-5-2 types of urban management models in European countries 35 2-1-5-3 evolution of urban management models in Iran 39 2-1-5-1 summary 41 2-1-6 destination cities Tourism 42

    2-1-6-1 Noor City 44

    2-1-6-2 Chalus City 45

    2-1-6-3 Babolsar City 46

    2-1-6-4 Tonkabon City 48

    2-1-7 Urban Management and Tourism Development 49

    2-1-8 Definition of governance and its types 51 2-1-8-1 Governance 51 2-1-8-2 Urban governance 53 2-1-8-3 Urban governance 54 2-1-8-4 Difference between urban governance and urban governance 55

    2-1-8-5 Electronic governance 57

    2-1-8-6 Electronic governance and urban governance 59

    2-1-9 Objectives of urban governance 60

    2-1-10 Urban governance models 60

    2-1-11 Good governance 61

    2-1-12 Good urban governance 63

    2-1-13 Urban Governance and Quality of Life 66

    2-1-14 The Role of Local Institutions (Municipality and City Council) in Tourism Development 67

    Chapter Two - Part Two: Research Background

    2-2-1 Introduction 69

    2-2-2 Internal Researches 69

    2-2-3 Researches Foreign 71

    2-2-4 Legal and international documents 72

    2-2-5 Actions of governments in the most important international conferences 72

    Chapter II - Part III: Explaining the components of the model

    2-3-3-1 Participation 75

    2-3-3-2 Rule of law 75

    2-3-3-3 Transparency 75

    2-3-3-4 Responsibility and accountability 75

    2-3-3-5 Accountability 75

    2-3-3-6 Strategic vision 75

    2-3-3-7 Consensus building 76

    2-3-3-8 Justice and fairness 76

    2-3-3-9 Security 76

    2-3-3-10 Effectiveness and Efficiency 76

    2-3-3-11 Decentralization 76

    Chapter Three: Research Methodology

    3-1 Introduction 77

    3-2 Research Methodology 78

    3-3 Statistical Society 79

    3-4 Statistical sample 80

    3-5 data collection method 82

    3-6 validity and reliability of the research tool 82

    3-7 data and information analysis method 83

    3-7-1 importance-performance analysis method 83

    3-7-1-1 formation of importance-performance matrix 84

    3-7-1-2 Analysis of the importance-performance matrix 86

    3-7-2 Hierarchical analysis method 87

    3-7-2-1 Decision problem modeling 88

    3-7-2-2 Comparison of importance and priority 88

    3-7-2-3 Examining the degree of consistency in judgments 89

    3-8 Summary 90

    Chapter Four: Data and Information Analysis

    4-1 Introduction 91

    4-2- Importance analysis method - performance 91

    4-2-1 Descriptive data 92

    4-2-2 Descriptive study of statistical sample according to gender variable 92

    4-2-3 Descriptive study of the statistical sample according to the variable of education 93

    4-2-4 Descriptive study of the statistical sample according to the age variable 94

    4-2-5 Descriptive study of the statistical sample according to the variable of work experience 95

    4-3 Hypothesis test of the reliability or reliability of the measuring tool (questionnaire) 96

    4-4 Evaluation of the importance and performance Good urban governance indicators 97 4-5 binomial test of good urban governance indicators 98 4-6 Differential score and gap analysis 99 4-7 Analysis of importance matrix - performance 101 4-7-1 Importance matrix - performance of Babolsar city 102 4-7-2 Importance matrix - performance Shahr Noor 104

    4-7-3 Importance matrix - Tonkabon city performance 106

    4-7-4 Importance matrix - Chalos city performance 108

    4-8 Summary of importance analysis method - performance 110

    4-9 Hierarchical analysis method 110

    4-9-1 Descriptive data 110

    4-9-2 descriptive study of the statistical sample according to the gender variable 111

    4-9-3 descriptive study of the statistical sample according to the education variable 112

    4-9-4 descriptive study of the statistical sample according to the age variable 113

    4-9-5 descriptive study of the statistical sample according to the variable of work experience 114

    4-10 Hierarchical modeling and decision tree formation 115

    4-11 Prioritizing the importance of good urban governance indicators 116

    4-12 Prioritizing the performance of good urban governance indicators 118

    4-21-1 Performance prioritization in Babolsar city 119

    4-21-2 Performance prioritization in Shahr Noor 121

    4-12-3 Prioritization of performance in the city of Tonkabon 123

    4-12-4 Prioritization of performance in the city of Chalus 125

    4-13 Summary of the hierarchical analysis method 126

    4-14- Comparison of two methods of importance-performance and hierarchical analysis 127

    4-14-1 Comparison Statistical sample 127 4-14-2 Comparison of the results of two methods 128 4-15 Summary 130 Chapter Five: Findings, Conclusions and Proposals 5-1 Introduction 131 5-2 A brief overview of the purpose, problem and how to work 131 5-3 Findings 132 5-4 Discussion 135 5-5 Conclusion 137 5-6 Practical Suggestions 138 5-7 Research Limitations 141 5-8 Suggestions for Future Research 141 Resources 142 Appendix 149

    Source:

    Persian sources

    Adinevand, Ali Asghar, Hajizadeh, Maryam, and Gadami, Mustafa. (2011). Investigating the performance of the municipality in the framework of good urban governance, the case study: Babolsar city. Urban Management, 1(2), 64-41.

    Akbari, Ghazanfar. (1385). Social Capital and Urban Governance. Geographical Research, 1(21), 135-154. (1381). Research methods in behavioral sciences. Tehran: Aghah Publications.

    Barakpour, Nasser., and Asadi, Iraj. (1388). Urban management and governance. Municipalities, 23(3), 123-115.

    Padash, Hamid., Jahanshahi, Babak., and Sadeghin, Ali. (1386). Components and indicators of urban governance. Urbanization Essays, 1(5), 110-96.

    Delavar, Ali. (1380). Theoretical and practical foundations of research in humanities and social sciences. Tehran: Rushd Publishing House. Rafiyan, Mojtabi, and Hosseinpour, Ali. (1390). Good urban governance from the perspective of urban planning theories. Tehran: Tahan Publications. Sarukhani, Bagher. (1383). Research method in social sciences. Tehran: Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies.

    Sardar Nia, Khalil-oleh, Gudari, Hossein, and Islam, Alireza. (1388). The effect of good governance and social capital on political trust, a case study: Mashhad and Sabzevar cities. Journal of Political Science, 1(5), 166-135.

    Sarmad, Zohra., Bazargan, Abbas., and Hijazi, Elaha. (1385). Research methods in behavioral sciences. Tabriz: Forozesh Publications.

    Sharifian Thani, Maryam. (1380). Citizen participation in urban governance and urban management. Urban Management, 1(2), 42-55.

    Lalepour, Manijeh. (1386). Urban governance and urban management in developing countries. Urbanization Essays, 1(6), 71-60.

    Mishkini, Abulfazl., Pour Musa, Musa., and Mozen, Sohrab. (2013). Optimal urban governance. Urban Studies, 4(6), 143-130.

Prioritization and evaluation of good urban governance indicators in tourism destination cities
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