Creating nano roughness on textile surfaces and investigating its effects

To receive a Master's degree

Textile Technology Engineering

Abstract

In the previous research, multi-sized nano-roughness was developed using nanoparticles with different sizes and different surface charges along with silicone resin coating to produce multi-purpose textiles with stable properties. In this research, the idea of ??using laser irradiation and finishing textiles with nanoparticles has been followed. In the preliminary studies, the optimal laser irradiation conditions have been determined by optimizing the number of pulses and laser intensity, taking into account the effect of nano-finishing. Next, samples pre-finished with nanoparticles and samples without nanoparticles were irradiated under optimized conditions, and in order to compare the effect of using the two processes of laser irradiation and nano finishing, a number of samples irradiated with laser were again affected by the finishing process with nanoparticles. In both cases, the two methods of coating with the pad device and polishing under the influence of the ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic device have been compared. Microscopic studies of the characteristics of the surface of the samples show the creation of multi-dimensional roughness, resulting from the placement of nanoparticles in the micrometer valleys created by the erosion of laser beams on the surface of textiles. Based on the results, the presence of nanoparticles has intensified the effect of laser in structuring and improving its erosion performance on the surface. Various properties of the samples under investigation, such as water droplet absorption time, water droplet contact angle, water droplet sliding angle, dyeability of samples and dyeability from wastewater by samples have been studied. Pre-finishing treatment with nanoparticles has had a positive effect on the creation of colorable agents created on the surface during laser irradiation. By combining laser irradiation with the completion of textiles by nanoparticles, the hydrophobic properties such as absorption time, contact angle and sliding angle of the water drop on the surface have been significantly improved, so that it has led to the creation of super hydrophobic properties. These changes are consistent with the topological changes created on the surface of the samples based on electron microscope studies. Chapter 1: The background of the research on surface modification by laser irradiation. The important properties of polymer materials are adhesion, friction, wettability, permeability, and compatibility with the environment, and in practice, all these properties are affected by surface properties. Surface modification is a widely used and important process in nanotechnology, which has expanded the use of materials [1,2]. Surface modification is the modification of the outer surface with the aim of influencing various desired properties, while maintaining the key physical characteristics. If this type of surface modification is done correctly, the mechanical properties and performance of the sample will not be affected, but the desired properties will be changed and improved [3]. Surface modification usually in solid materials and usually with the objectives of fracture and wear control (such as hardness, fracture, fatigue, wear resistance, etc.), increasing corrosion resistance, changing physical properties such as conductivity, electrical resistance, light reflection, etc., changing surface roughness, creating hydrophilicity, creating surfaces with superhydrophobicity [4], surface painting, creating adhesion and connection properties on the surface [5], sterilization [3], surface cleaning [6], self-cleaning Disinfection, anti-fogging and anti-snow, properties of becoming transparent or back-shielding [7], creating thermal properties and the ability to delay ignition [8], controlling the movement or sticking of biological materials [9], increasing the ability to penetrate, filtration or purifying [10], biological compatibility or its opposite and reactivity [6,11], increasing the properties of dyeability, dyeing and printing [12] and increasing the ability of stability and dimensional stability [5].

Polymer surface modification is an old topic that has led to the use of synthetic polymer materials in human societies and has been used in various fields such as adhesives, membrane filtration, coating, friction and corrosion, composites, microelectronic devices, technology of layers and thin films, biomaterials, etc.Due to these issues, optimizing and modifying the surface for a polymer without changing its bulk properties has been the subject of classical research for many years, and even now, excellent research is being done on new applications of polymer materials, especially in the field of biotechnology and medical engineering [13]. Microstructures are divided by classifying the nature of change and modification into two physical and chemical groups and generally into groups of exfoliation or erosion, deposition or coating, deformation through mechanical stretching, molding, mixing and self-fabrication [1], each of these systems has different methods [4].

Until now, different methods and processes for creating roughness and surface modification have been reported from Common methods of changing and modifying surface properties by creating roughness can be mentioned as follows: 1-2-1 surface modification by plasma processing and performance [2]

Finishing and dyeing processes in the textile industry have always faced various limitations. Among the methods of improving color acceptability, we can mention the use of plasma and corona[3]. These methods are able to modify the surface of textiles, without changing the internal properties of the polymer in a dry environment, without water and chemicals [5]. In the plasma reaction operation, by increasing the polarity, hydrophilicity and electric charge of the polymer surface, useful applications can be obtained, such as increasing surface wettability, adhesion, colorability, blood compatibility, etc. [3,13,14]. is Some polymer molecules include side groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, ester, etc., and these types of polymers can be directly transformed by chemical reaction. In this method, the polymer is affected by a series of chemical solvents so that by creating a series of specific chemical groups such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, hydroxyls and primary amines, special functional properties can be created on the surface of the polymer [13]. [7], the technique of changing the chemical nature due to spraying a mixture of zinc acetate and water and generating heat on the glass along with the production of a film of zinc oxide was used to achieve hydrophobic properties and high light transmission, which finally reached the properties of transparency or back-facing, self-cleaning, anti-fog and anti-snow, and that method was used in mobile microchips and microreactors.

1-2-4 sol-gel method[7]

The sol-gel process is a more chemical method using a metal oxide, and in fact, they use the principle of solubilization and precipitation of solids in liquids by changing parameters such as temperature and obtain products such as coating and powder. Of course, it should be noted that the coatings produced by this method have porosity, which affects some of their properties [14].

1-2-5 method of creating roughness and spray deposition by magnetron [8]

Basically, a spray deposition tool includes a target, which is the source of the deposited material, and a substrate. Spray deposition is a structuring method that involves depositing materials that have been previously separated from the target surface and sprayed onto the substrate. The mentioned technique is often used in making different types of protective coatings, solar cell technology and superconductor thin films. It is also used in the engineering of nanostructured materials (for example, nanofibers, fullerenes, nanocrystal thin films) [1, 14].

1-2-6 chemical vapor deposition method[9]

The first applications of this method go back to the production of incandescent lamps[10] in 1880, in which the chemical vapor deposition method is used to increase the strength of carbon filaments with deposition Metal was used. There are different types of chemical vapor deposition processes, but in general, in all of them, a chamber called a reactor is used, where the precursor is deposited as a thin layer on the surface of the substrate upon entering the reactor, while it undergoes a series of chemical changes and creates a coating with the desired composition and properties [1].

Chemical vapor deposition in the case of polymers is performed by plasma action, and in this method, the monomer gas is directly injected into the Plasma coating is applied and polymerized.