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Investigating the relationship between employees' organizational commitment and political behavior and the rational approach of strategic decision-makers of the organization

Number of pages: 83 File Format: word File Code: 30576
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Management
Tags/Keywords: Organizational commitment - Political behavior - Rational approach - Strategic decision making
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  • Summary of Investigating the relationship between employees' organizational commitment and political behavior and the rational approach of strategic decision-makers of the organization

    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management

    Strategic Orientation

    Abstract:

    Strategic decision-making is considered vital and necessary in today's changing and complex world. Managers often use different methods to make strategic decisions. The most important of these methods is the use of a rational approach or the use of political behaviors. Rational process means using available information, making decisions based on facts without considering personal interests in decision making. Political behavior in decision-making also means that the decision-makers consider their priorities, interests and interests important and necessary for them, and they interfere in their decisions. Applying any of these approaches can have positive and negative effects for the organization. If the strategic decision-making process is a rational process or if it is done by adopting political behaviors; It can affect the commitment of the employees of an organization, in such a way that it increases or decreases the commitment of the employees. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between Bank Mellat employees' commitment and the approaches used in the organization's strategic decisions in Bank Mellat.  In order to measure the amount of political behavior in decision-making or using a rational approach, Dean and Scharfman questionnaires [1] were used. In addition, the organizational commitment or the three aspects of the commitment of employees of Multastan Alborz Bank were measured with the Allen and Meier questionnaire. Using the systematic sampling method, 200 employees of Mellat Bank of Alborz province were selected to complete the questionnaires. After collecting data and performing related statistical tests, it was found that both rational approach and political behavior have a positive and significant relationship with emotional commitment and normative commitment. In addition, by analyzing related data, it was determined that there is no relationship between these two approaches (rational and political approach) with continuous commitment.

    Key words: rational approach, political behavior, organizational commitment, strategic decision making

    [1]. Dean & Sharfman

    1 Introduction

    Today, organizations at any level No matter how big they are, in order to succeed, they face challenging opportunities and threats that they are forced to make strategic decisions to face. Strategic decision makers make decisions under the influence of various factors. One of the main and important factors in decision-making is the rational factors that are measurable factors such as cost, time, etc. It is applied In this approach, often the effect of non-quantitative factors, such as political behaviors and agreements between groups and It is ignored.

    Two rational and political methods are used in strategic decisions. The decisions made based on each of the above-mentioned approaches can have different functions for the organization. One of the functions of decision-making is to influence the level of human capital commitment of an organization. Organizational commitment can be considered as an emotional and psychological dependence on the organization, based on which a person who is strongly committed, determines his identity with the organization, participates in the organization and gets involved in it and enjoys being a member of the organization.

    If the strategic decision makers of the organization use political approaches to make important and key decisions, the organizational commitment of people can be damaged, of course, the research literature also shows that the cultures that govern organizations, It can cause the political approach to increase the organizational commitment of employees.

    Organizational commitment in this research means three emotional, normative and continuous commitments that form the organizational commitment as a whole. The presence of human forces committed to the organization in every organization, while reducing absenteeism, delay and turnover, will cause a significant increase in the performance of the organization, the morale of employees, and a better manifestation of the organization's transcendental goals, as well as the achievement of individual goals. Lack of feeling of commitment and low-level commitment leads to negative results for the individual and the organization; Among the results are resignation, high absenteeism, reluctance to stay in the organization, decrease in customer trust and decrease in income.In this chapter, the literature of strategic decision-making, commitment, and political and rational approaches in organizational behavior is examined, and then the background of the researches carried out regarding organizational commitment and strategic decision-making in organizations is presented. It has created a situation that has shortened the time for managers to think and ponder the decision.

    In today's competitive world, strategic decisions have important effects on the success of organizations. When it comes to strategy, most audiences remember a document that expresses the policies and framework of a human system's movement in a certain period of time. This idea is born from the attitude that every organization in dealing with the evolving environment should search for the best way to achieve organizational goals and after finding that way, mobilize all its resources to go through it. This is an attitude that we call the rational process of strategic decision-making.

    If strategic decisions are taken with the approach of procedural and process rationality, or in other words, the strategic decision-making process is a rational process, or if it is done by adopting political behaviors; It can affect the employees of an organization, in such a way that it can increase or decrease the commitment of employees. Although several definitions of commitment have been presented by experts in the field of behavioral sciences, there is no disagreement in the definition of commitment, and in all definitions of organizational commitment, there are three factors: belief in the goals and values ??of the organization, and the desire to work hard and to continue being a member of the organization. Employees who believe that their organization supports them, tend to have an emotional commitment to the organization. When they see that they have made a basic investment for the organization and if they leave it, their investment will be at risk, they will find a continuous commitment to the organization, and those who think that loyalty is expected from them, will take a normative commitment.

    In this research, the goal is to examine the relationship between strategic decision-making and the rational process and by using political behaviors with various types of commitments. In other words, it should be determined whether strategic decisions derived from political behaviors or rational processes have an effect on the commitments of Bank Mellat employees or not. 1-3 Necessity of conducting research Large organizations have increased a lot in recent years compared to comprehensive or strategic planning. So that the only way for managers to be effective and efficient is to use this planning. Banks, like all organizations, and considering the great responsibility they have for the implementation of monetary policies in the country, are always faced with strategic decisions in order to achieve strategic goals and plans. These decisions, if taken with the process of rationality and political behavior, can have a positive or negative effect on the work obligations of bank employees.

    In other words, it should be said that nowadays banks need committed and responsive employees in order to improve their services and satisfy their customers. Therefore, one of the main concerns of bank managers is to improve the work commitment of their employees. According to the conducted research, it can be predicted that strategic decision-making with rationality in the process and political behaviors will also lead to a change in the work commitment of bank employees. 1-4 Research Model Since this research examines the effect of the relationship between the rationality of the decision-making process and the use of political behaviors in decision-making, with the commitment of Bank Mellat employees, the model used in this research

    Rationality in the strategic decision-making process

    Emotional commitment

    Continuance commitment

    Normative commitment

    Political behaviors in the strategic decision-making process

    ±

    +

    -

    -

    +

    -

    (Stein and Pekins, 2011, pp. 1154-1163)

    This model was proposed in 2011 by two people named Mr. Setin and Pekins from Turkey, which shows a relationship between perceived behavioral rationality, political behaviors and organizational commitment. This research has been done by 150 academics and the data has been done based on regression analysis and all the initial hypotheses have been confirmed.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the relationship between employees' organizational commitment and political behavior and the rational approach of strategic decision-makers of the organization

    Table of Contents

    Title

    Page Number

    Abstract

    Chapter One: General Research

    1-1 Introduction. 3

    1-2 statement of the problem. 4

    1-3 Necessity of conducting research. 4

    1-4 research model. 5

    1-5 research assumptions. 6

    1-6 Geographical research, society and statistical sample. 7

    7-1 The purpose of the research. 7

    1-8 concepts of key words. 7

    Chapter Two: An overview of the research background and background

    2-1 Introduction. 10

    2-2 The concept of decision making. 10

    2-3 levels of decision making. 11

    2-4 strategic decisions. 11

    2-5 decision-making approaches. 13

    2-5-1 rational decision making. 13

    2-5-2 behavioral decision making. 15

    2-5-3 open decision. 17

    2-6 factors influencing decision-making. 20

    2-7 organizational decision making. 20

    2-8 Political behaviors. 21

    2-9 The importance of political behavior. 23

    2-10 political theories in the organization. 26

    2-11 political tactics in the organization. 28

    2-12 political skills. 30

    2-13 levels of political action. 31

    2-14 Commitment concepts. 32

    2-14-1 Professional commitment. 32

    2-14-2 organizational commitment. 33

    2-15 The need to pay attention to organizational commitment. 34

    2-16 theoretical perspectives of organizational commitment - one-dimensional or multi-dimensional models. 34

    2-17 Background of the research. 39

     

    Chapter 3: Research implementation method

    3-1 Introduction. 41

    3-2 research method. 41

    3-3 method of research data collection. 42

    3-4 statistical population. 42

    3-5 sampling method and sample size. 43

    3-6 data collection method 44

    3-7 validity and reliability of questionnaires 44

    3-8 data analysis method 45

    3-9 hypothesis-regression test. 45

    Chapter Four: Analyzing and Analyzing Data

    4-1 Introduction. 47

    2-4 descriptive statistics. 47

    3-4 Data normality test 49

    4-4 Hypothesis analysis. 50

    Chapter Five: Conclusion and Proposals

    5-1 Introduction. 56

    5-2 Findings from the results of the first hypothesis. 56

    3-5 Findings from the results of the second hypothesis. 57

    4-5 limitations of the research. 58

    5-5 practical suggestions. 58

    5-6 Suggestions for future researchers 59

    Sources and sources. 61

    Appendix 1: Questionnaires 66

    English abstract. 69

    F- Persian sources

    Estron, Hossein (1377): Organizational commitment, management in education and training, 5th period, serial number 17, pp. 74-73.

    2- Astron, Hossein (1377): Organizational commitment, management in education and training, 5th period, serial number 17, pp. 74-73.

    3- Stoner, James and others (1379), management, translation: Ali Parsaian and Seyyed Mohammad Arabi, Tehran, Cultural Research Office Publications. p.34

     

    4-Alwani, Seyed Mehdi (1373), decision-making and determination of government policy, Tehran, Samt, p.87

    5- Alwani, Seyed Mehdi, Danaefard, Hassan (1381). Theory of order in disorder and management. Tehran: Safar. p. 176

    6- Hahader, Manouchehr (1378), Decision Making in Management, Public Management Education Center Publications, first edition, 226-230

    7- Daft, Richard Al, (1374), Organization Theory and Structure Design, translated by Ali Parsaian and Seyed Mohammad Arabi, Tehran, Business Studies and Research Institute, p. 132

    8-Doherty, Jamiz and Robert Faltzgraf (2008), conflicting theories in international relations; Translated by: Alireza Tayyeb and Vahid Gharegi, 5th edition, Tehran, Qoms. p.209

    9-Robbins, Stephen P., (2014), Organizational Behavior Management, translated by Ali Parsaian and Seyed Mohammad Arabi, Tehran, Business Studies and Research Institute. Pg: 103-90

    10- Robbins, Theory of Organization (1378, translated by Dr. Seyed Mehdi Elwani and Hassan Danaifard, second edition, Tehran, Safar Publications, p. 65

    11- Rezaian, Ali (1371), Principles of Management, third edition, Tehran: Samit, p. 74

    12- Rezaian, Ali, behavioral culture, practices, values And. Cultural Universe, Year 11, p. 13- Ranjabrian, Bahram (1375): Organizational Commitment, Journal of the Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Isfahan University, Year 10, No. 1 and 2, p. 57-41.

    14-Zarei-Miten, Hassan (2008), political behavior and its role in organization and management, Qom Higher Education Complex Magazine, fourth year, number 15, pp. 27-58

    15-Sarooqi, Ahmed (2007): organizational commitment and its relationship with the desire to leave the service, Public Administration Quarterly, No. 35, pp. 73-65.

    16- Saadat, Esfandiar, "Criticism of the classic decision-making model", Management Science, No. 9 and 10, Summer and Autumn 2019, pp. 29-42.

    17-Iraqi, Mahmoud (1373): Investigating the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the employees of Ahvaz Steel Complex, master's thesis, unpublished, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Isfahan University. p.21

     

    18- Nasrasafhani, Ali, (1376), political behavior in the organization, Tadbir, No. 75

    19- Hatch, Mary Jo, (1385), organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern interpretation, translated by Hasan Danaei Fard, Tehran, Afkar, p. 289

    20- Hatch, Mary Jo, (1386), Organization theory: modern, symbolic-interpretive, postmodern, translated by Hasan Danaei Fard, 4th edition, Tehran, Afkar Publications, p. 75

     

     

     

     

     

     

    B- English sources

     

    Archer, Ernest R. (Feb. 1980), "How to make a business decision: An analysis of theory and practice"; Management Review, No. 69, pp. 54-61.

    Armstrong, J. S. (1982). The value of formal planning for strategic decisions: Review of Empirical Research, Strategic Management Journal, 3, p. 197-211

    Bhargava, J. N. (1993) Economics of Information Management; Jampur: Arihant Publishing House, Pp.62-5.

    Calvert, Randall, (1989) Political Decision Making with Costly and Imperfect Information; in P. E. Johnson; Formal Theories of Politics: Mathematical Modeling in Political Science; New York: Pergamon Press, Pp. 497-509.

    Cetin, Munevver & Dilek Pekince, (2011), Perceived Procedural Rationality & Political Behaviors in Strategic Decision Making Process & Organizational Commitment Triangle, Procedia Social & Behavioral Sciences 24, Pp: 1154-1155.

    Cramer, D. (1996), "Job Satisfaction And Organizational Continuance Commitment: A Tow – Wave Panel Study”, Journal Of Organizational Behavior, Vol 17. No 4, Pp:389-390.

    Cyert, Richard M., & March, James G., (1963), A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewoodcliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. P. 341.

    Davis, Gordon B. & Margaret H. Olson; Management Information Systems: Conceptual Foundations, Structure, and Development; 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984, Pp. 6-35.

    Dooley, R.S., Fryxell, G.E. (1999). Attaining decision quality and commitment from dissent: The moderating effects of loyalty and competence in strategic decision-making teams. Academy of Management Journal, 42 (4), p. 389-402.

    Drory, Amos & Romm, Tislia,(1990), Human Relation, no43, p.33.

    Dubrin.Andrew J.2001, leadership, third edition, Hong ton company, New York, p.67.

    Forester, J.; "Bounded Rationality and the Politics of Muddling Through"; Public Administration Review, Jan.-Feb. 1984, pp. 23-31.

    Greenberg, J & Baron, R.A (2009) “Behavioer In Organizations”, Prentic-Hall, Inc, 7th ed, 2000, p.182.

    Hackett, R. D., Lapierre, L. M. & Hausdorf, P.A. (2001). "Understanding the Links Between Work Commitment Constructs", Journal of Vocational Behavior, No. 58, PP: 392 – 409.

    James, March; "Bounded Rationality, Ambiguity, and the Engineering of Choice", in Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 9, 1978, pp. 587-608.

    Johnson, J.P., Korsgaard, M.A., Sapienza, H.J. (2002). Perceived fairness, decision control, and commitment in international joint venture management teams. Strategic Management Journal, 23, p. 1141-1160.

    Keeney, Ralph L., (1998), Smart Choices: A Practical Guide to Making Better Decisions; Boston: Harvard Business School Press, P. 56.

    Lucas, Jr.

Investigating the relationship between employees' organizational commitment and political behavior and the rational approach of strategic decision-makers of the organization
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