A comparative study of the word Malik in the Holy Quran and the image of the angel in Shahnameh Tahmasabi

Thesis in master's degree in handicrafts

Traditional arts research trend

Abstract:

    Some high-ranking creations of God, which cannot be seen by humans under normal conditions, are called angels. The Holy Quran deals more with the subject of angels than other heavenly books, and for this reason, it is considered a rich source for knowing these unseen beings. In various verses of the Holy Qur'an, the characteristics, duties, characteristics, types of messages and also other names of these spiritual beings are mentioned. The word "malek" in Persian language is translated as "angel" and "sourosh" and in this way it has achieved an important position in Persian literature. Even their name is included in the most national system of Persian speakers, namely Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. The transformation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh into exquisite illustrated versions and the depiction of the faces and bodies of some angels in the paintings has led to the formation of treatises entitled "Comparative study of the word Malak in the Holy Quran and the image of an angel in Tahmasabi's Shahnameh". In a descriptive and comparative way, focusing on the verses of the Holy Quran about angels, the text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and the images of angels in Tahmasabi's Shahnameh paintings have been criticized and studied. One of the results of this research was achieving a general and comprehensible image of the visual status of angels in the Holy Quran, and matching this definition with Ferdowsi's narration of them. Therefore, despite the special difficulties and complications that exist in providing a comprehensive and complete definition of angels in the Holy Qur'an, the applicability of Ferdowsi's narrative and painters after him about angels with the understandable visual status of angels in the Holy Qur'an is the main topic analyzed in this treatise.

    The paintings of Iran are full of imaginary creatures, and the precise understanding of the nature of each of them requires studying the text of each painting and getting to know the stories related to each of them. Considering the necessity of specialized knowledge of the images related to supernatural beings, the present treatise has focused on the knowledge of the images of angels. For this purpose, all the available images of angels in Iranian painting and a large number of texts related to each image were studied first, so as to clarify how to deal with this issue in the form of a comprehensive and principled research. Finally, among all the picture collections, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh collection and 258 illustrations from Tahmasbi's version were recognized as the most complete and researchable collection for the accurate understanding of angels and angels. The Tahmasbi Shahnameh collection, whose compilation dates back to the first half of the 10th century AH, was commissioned by Shah Ismail I and after him by Shah Tahmasib I Safavi in ??the royal library of Tabriz. This collection is the result of the efforts of prominent artists such as Sultan Muhammad, Mirmsour, Aghamirak, Mirysed Ali, Mozafar Ali, Dost Muhammad and several other unknown artists and painters, and after the final compilation, it was presented to Sultan Salim II by Shah Tahmasb. After being bought by a broker called Houghton, the paintings of this valuable collection were sold to museums and collectors around the world. For this reason, it was considered a difficult task to find all the works of suitable quality from this exquisite collection, and finally, through reliable internet sites, Persian and Latin specialized books, and several other collections and intermediaries, all its painting works were identified and prepared, and finally it was used as an important part of the statistical community of this treatise. Among some of the paintings of Tahmasbi's Shahnameh, there are images of winged creatures that have a strong resemblance to humans. In the text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, these creatures are introduced with the names of Fereshte, Pari and Soroush. Investigating the nature of these words makes it highly sensitive to assign them all to the angels that God has spoken about in the Holy Quran. The reason for this is the different nature of these two creatures in Persian literary sources, which has introduced the angel as light, the fairy as fire, and the genie as its main nature.

These sensitivities made us look for a reliable and reliable source in order to accurately understand the nature of angels in the text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and the images of Tahmasbi's Shahnameh. In this context, even with a superficial and simple search, the Holy Quran is recognized as the most important source for identifying angels.And not only for Muslims, but even for non-Muslims, because the quantity and quality of talking about angels and creatures related to them in the Holy Quran is more than other heavenly books such as the Bible and the Torah. In this way, with the guidance of Dr. Mohammad Ali Rajabi as a supervisor and Dr. Mehran Hoshiar as a consultant, the final title of this treatise was "Comparative study of the word Malak in the Holy Quran and the image of an angel in Shahnameh Tahmasabi" and the present research was compiled under this title. The author hopes that the present treatise can be a suitable source for the expert knowledge of the nature of angels in the Holy Quran and angels in Tahmasbi's Shahnameh and provide part of the needs of the artistic community of our country regarding the visual status of angels in Iranian painting. Chapter 1: General Research 1-1-Statement of the Problem Angels are creatures that can be seen in their natural state and by Normal people are not possible. The Holy Qur'an, in the position of the most important heavenly book, has introduced these occult and spiritual beings with the names of Malak, Ruh, Ruhol-ul-Amin and Ruhul-Quds. Angels are mentioned in various verses of the Holy Quran and the study of these descriptions and references has clarified their general coordinates to a great extent. On the other hand, in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, as one of the most important books in the history of Persian literature, the names of angels are also mentioned and some information about them is mentioned. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, as an ancient Iranian literary text, contains the names of two great divine angels, Hazrat Gabriel and Hazrat Asrafil, and several references to the name of Soroush (an angel carrying divine messages among ancient Iranians) are also seen in this book. Soroush and another extraterrestrial character called Pari are among the other words related to the word angel in the text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, and the present treatise aims to accurately identify these words in the text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and the images of Tahmasbi's Shahnameh. The reason for focusing on Tahmasabi's Shahnameh is also its sophistication and the large number of paintings in this collection. The special features of Tahmasabi's Shahnameh, including their high artistic value, have made this collection to be considered the most important painting collection in the world. For this purpose, in this treatise, the verses of the Holy Quran are used as the main source to understand the main nature of angels, and the achievements of this part of the research will also be reviewed by reading the text of the Shahnameh and comparing and comparing it with the images of the Shahnameh of Tahmasbi. 2-1- Research method, statistical population and sampling method. became. The statistical population of the present research includes all the contents related to the subject in three important sources: verses related to the subject of angels in the Holy Quran, verses related to angels and Soroush in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, and images from Tahmasbi's Shahnameh in which angels are present or are somehow related to the topic of angels. The sampling method in this research is selective, and the number of samples includes all of them. 3-1- Research tools The tools used to conduct research and collect information include cameras, scanners, printers, computers, and cash registers. 4-1 Research Objectives

The purpose of this research was to reach a general understanding of the visual appearance of angels in the Holy Quran and to compare it with Ferdowsi's narrations about angels. Also, analyzing how to draw the image of angels in Iranian painting (focusing on Tahmasabi's Shahnameh) is the visual goal of the present research. In this way, understanding the degree of correspondence between the visual characteristics of angels in the Holy Quran and Ferdowsi's description of them, as well as the degree of correspondence with the image of the angel, Soroush and fairy in Tahmasbi's Shahnameh, will be one of the results of the present research. Is it possible to get a visual and tangible image of angels with the help of Quranic descriptions of the appearance of angels?

2. Are the Qur'anic descriptions of angels compatible with Ferdowsi's description of them?

3.