Locating barren lands with settlement potential using remote sensing, geographic information system and AHP multi-criteria decision making (Kerman case study)

Master's Thesis in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (M. Sc.

Trend: Urban-Rural

Abstract

According to the population growth today, massification and urbanization is an urgent need. Locating and allocating land is considered as a main pillar, which in most cases has been done traditionally and by trial and error. In locating the most suitable land for settlement, there are many criteria such as the amount of land slope, direction slope, height, etc. are involved, so we are faced with a large amount of primary information. Therefore, in order to use all the data involved and to examine the various options resulting from various analysis methods, the use of multi-criteria decision-making methods based on the geographic information system is inevitable. In general, in this research, we are faced with two separate parts, the first part of the spatial topic includes the collection, preparation, and production of spatial data and maps, and the second part includes the determination of criteria and their prioritization and weighting. The combination and integration of these two methods is the basis of conducting research and locating the most suitable option for barren lands for settlement. Today, these methods are used under the title of spatial decision support systems or SDSS[1], which is a computer system that combines and transforms spatial data and the decision area as input and provides the resulting decisions based on the obtained weights as output. In this research, multi-criteria decision analysis AHP [2] based on geographic information system has been used and investigated. Based on the real data, after weighting the criteria using Expert Choice software, the criteria layers were combined using the Weighted Sun method and the location of the most suitable lands for the settlement of Kerman was done. The slope of the land has been the most important criterion, in the results, the northern and central parts of the city were identified as the most suitable areas.

Keywords: positioning, geographic information system, hierarchical process

Chapter 1: Research overview

1-1 Introduction

Land is one of the most important components affecting the cost of housing, like any infrastructure project. And another place, the first step in the implementation of massification and settlement and one of the main challenges ahead is to provide the required land in a suitable place. The suitable land must have special conditions and features that provide the most optimal option for the intended purpose. Among these conditions of compatibility with the environment, geological and soil characteristics, land topography, view and landscape, appropriate distance from sources and the city, appropriate access and finally its economic-social-cultural aspect. GIS geographic information systems [3] is a powerful and efficient system that has the ability to analyze, overlap, combine, store, retrieve, combine and display a large amount of information. Nowadays, computer-aided overlay techniques have been developed a lot as a response to the limitations of manual mapping and combining large data sets. Multi-criteria decision-making methods [4] are used in selecting a set of decision model options based on the importance weights and constraints of the decision-makers. The multi-criteria decision making method based on GIS can be considered as a process that combines and transforms spatial and non-spatial data as input and presents the resulting decision as output.

Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) [5] are computer systems that combine all spatial data, information and decision rules to help decision makers. These systems create a logical correlation between GIS geographic information systems and SDSS decision support system technology to form a powerful supporter for decision-making. In this research, using GIS and by integrating the geographic information system and the multi-criteria decision-making method AHP [6], the suitable land for settlement, taking into account the relevant criteria and their relative weight and importance and the relevant constraints, will be conducted with a case study in the city of Kerman, and finally the most suitable areas will be determined.

1-2 statement of the problem

Housing is one of the acute problems of developing countries, lack of sufficient resources, weak economic management, lack of comprehensive housing planning and other inadequacies that exist under the economic buildings of these countries on the one hand and the rapid increase of the urban population on the other hand..

1-2 statement of the problem

Housing is one of the acute problems of developing countries, the lack of sufficient resources, weak economic management, lack of comprehensive housing planning and other inadequacies that exist under the economic buildings of these countries on the one hand and the rapid increase of the urban population on the other hand have made the provision of shelter in these countries complex and multidimensional. Undoubtedly, to respond to the increasing demand for housing, not only land, capital, building materials and manpower are needed, but also to have a planning system in order to establish coordination between the housing sector and other sectors and between the components; Bringing housing (land, building materials, etc.) into existence with infrastructure facilities, public facilities, social services, transportation system, etc. On the other hand, it is a pure necessity (Pourmohammadi, Mohammadreza 1387).

In order to achieve the desired housing planning, the past trends in economic and social affairs affecting the housing market and the residential developments of the society should be examined and analyzed in addition to knowing the current housing situation. It is also necessary to study the economic and social developments of the society in the future based on national, regional and urban planning, and predict the mutual effects of these developments in the housing sector and meeting residential needs. Then, the goals of the housing programs should be determined within the framework of the developed rules and standards, and appropriate solutions and scientific methods should be adopted to achieve the goals. Among the major issues, especially in third world countries, is the increase in human population and the construction of new settlements. One of the important parameters in the construction of new towns and the development of current cities is the location of areas. One of the problems of the new settlements is that their location has not been done correctly, and this has caused problems, such as the proximity of the selected areas to: faults, high elevations in mountainous areas, cemeteries, being far from the city center, being far from the urban sewage network, not having proper communication routes, being close to industrial areas, etc. Locating housing construction sites is very important because a suitable location is very effective in providing a desirable quality of life. For example, proper location helps to solve problems such as traffic, air pollution, costs of providing basic amenities. Nowadays, it has become clear to the general public of urban specialists and managers that it is difficult to manage and administer the various affairs of cities with traditional mobile tools, and also the importance of spatial information systems (GIS) in urban planning and management, which has been clarified along with the rapid expansion of cities and the staggering increase in information that must be processed for urban management.

Today, aligned with GIS, remote sensing science and satellite data processing technology with the possibility of obtaining up-to-date and diverse information are widely used to solve management problems. Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) is the use of decision models by weighting the criteria. Using this method, the criteria and sub-criteria are ranked and suitable options are selected for placement. Therefore, RS technology[7] and GIS, which are very new, have come to the aid of experts and allowed to solve the problem of optimal location of housing construction in a short time with high accuracy and low cost. 1-3 Necessity of conducting research One of the complications of the rapid development of urbanization in the third world is the emergence of the phenomenon of lack of urban land and the struggle to obtain land, which has been studied in the rejection of studies related to the third world. According to some researchers, the most prominent political action of urban masses in many cities of the third world is occupation Land is illegal. In a number of third world countries, the illegal occupation of land has become such a large organization that the authorities have to ignore it and finally give legal ownership to the residents of usurped settlements (moftabad settlers). Proper location of land is one of the most important factors in creating housing and is a very complex process due to its multifaceted nature. Locating is an activity that analyzes the capabilities and capabilities of a region or urban area in terms of the existence of suitable and sufficient land for specific uses. In the country of Iran, the problem of proper location of housing has been done in a traditional way for a long time, regardless of the indicators used in location.

An integrated investigation of the factors involved in choosing a suitable land and managing it in traditional methods, while it will be an exhausting task, it also brings problems due to the limitation of subjective analysis, therefore, considering the need to comprehensively examine the factors and criteria involved and increase data sources related to decision-making, the need for efficient computer systems becomes more apparent.