The application of coastal geomorphology studies in environmental planning, a case study (Ramsar to Tenkaben)

Academic thesis for obtaining a master's degree

Field: Natural Geography, Orientation: Geomorphology in Environmental Planning

Abstract

The principle of induction and the emergence of a region depends on environmental conditions and geographical location more than anything else, because natural complications and phenomena in location, dispersion, the sphere of influence of physical development, Morphology and the like have a decisive effect and sometimes act as a positive factor and sometimes as a negative and inhibiting factor. When planning for the construction of the area, the dynamism of the natural environment, such as the geomorphological forms of the area, and the factors that arise from it, such as floods, earthquakes, wind, and faults, should be considered. . and and And enough attention was paid, otherwise the city will face problems in the future. Therefore, before bitter, painful and expensive accidents occur, the officials should have the necessary concern and feel responsible during environmental planning and feel responsible, and in addition to giving importance to geomorphology studies, leave the work to experts. Of course, it goes without saying that in addition to geomorphological studies, other geographical studies are also extremely important in selecting locations and raising the level of regions, especially beaches, and environmental planning, and neglecting them will cause irreparable damage in the future. In this research, it will be tried to show that the application of coastal geomorphology studies are effective in environmental planning, and it will cause the expansion and development of tourism.

Key words: geomorphology, environmental planning, studies, coastal geomorphology

Introduction

The location of settlements and other facilities created by humans is completely influenced by Environmental factors, especially geomorphology and geology. Today, according to population growth, the development of constructions is inevitable, and the adverse effect of human needs on the earth, as well as the exploitation of the surrounding areas of cities and villages to create houses and economic and industrial facilities, is increasing day by day. The industrialization of societies and the expansion of the capitalist economy have doubled the problem, and less thought and contemplation are built on the ground. This problem is more significant in developing countries due to economic constraints, and advanced technologies are still not used optimally in these regions to solve human problems or prevent their occurrence. This causes natural disasters to kill thousands of people every year and cause huge damage to the economy of these countries. Floods, earthquakes and landslides in countries like Japan and America do not cause damage like Iran and India. Geomorphology is one of the earth sciences that helps urban managers, planners and other custodians of economic and technical issues in choosing the best places for the establishment and development of settlements and other constructions. Investigating the problems related to choosing the right place to build cities, how to place buildings inside cities, the effects of city development on the surrounding land, etc. are the topics studied in geomorphology. The establishment of cities and residential areas on the earth creates new perspectives. These perspectives can be examined from different perspectives; On the one hand, the creation of these buildings causes major changes in the environment and disrupts the cycle of water, energy and materials, and on the other hand, it is affected by the natural environment. Therefore, studying and researching in the field of the natural environment where the cities are located is very important and without knowing the time and place of the cities, it is not possible to create them or it will face many problems. The construction of buildings and roads with different dimensions requires knowing the stability and stability of their location. Considering the diversity and extent of geomorphological units, the expansion of cities and the development of residential and industrial units are always affected by these units. These lands are composed of different topographical and morphological units. The more cities develop and expand, the more they deal with various topographical and geomorphological units and their related issues. Geomorphological units are always related to the dynamics and dynamism of the natural environment, any action in the direction of the development and urban development of cities somehow intersects with the said dynamics and dynamism, and as a result, morphological phenomena.In this case, if some essential principles and points are not observed, the morphodynamic balance of the environment will be disrupted and the major risks of urban equipment and facilities will be threatened. Sometimes the intensity of morphogenesis increases so much that it produces irreparable results. Many cities suffer a lot of damage from floods or at least face many problems. Some citizens are lamenting the collapse of the mountain, the flow of solifluction is taking others under the rubble. Earthquakes and earthquakes also cause the destruction of cities and towns. If some of these destructions are directly related to earthquake waves; Another important part is indirectly obtained by the intervention of geomorphological phenomena, some of which are caused by earthquakes. Therefore, the importance and necessity of knowing the characteristics of the natural environment in order to clean and identify the suitable points for creating monuments and buildings from unfavorable areas is clear. To know most of the characteristics of the natural environment, we need to study geomorphology, and it is in the shadow of gaining such knowledge that effective steps can be taken in choosing the most suitable place for the creation and expansion of cities and the creation of huge factories, and to prevent the dangers of the mentioned natural phenomena or to take serious action to deal with them. 

Chapter 1

-1-Statement of the problem

In the next century, due to the increase in the earth's temperature, we will see the advance of sea water. Currently, most of the northern borders of Iran are defined by the coastal strip. Therefore, addressing the issue of coastal geomorphology as a physical and physical platform for development is considered a necessity for researchers in this field. The term coastal geomorphology has received special attention and investigation today. And due to the expansion of numerous and densely populated coastal cities in the southern margin of the Caspian Sea, in the not-so-distant future, it can play a role in the category of applied scientific knowledge, especially in environmental management. Recognizing the problem, researching and finding appropriate solutions and methods to contain, control and reduce the risks caused by natural disasters, wise planning in the optimal use of natural environments is very important. Coastal areas are among the systems that have been established in a state of balance and balance, and will enjoy stability and stability as long as this balance is not changed. Today, due to human intervention, we see the disruption of the balance conditions and the creation of unstable movements of the earth in the coastal areas. Coastal processes of the Ramsar-Tankaban route seriously threaten the geomorphological movements of the road network and other facilities. In this research, it is an attempt to study and understand these processes and movements of geomorphology, the effective causes in creating any changes from the past until now, and finally, while examining the application of coastal geomorphology, ecological power, to evaluate the unstable and stable prone points of the environment by means of a form of environmental zoning. How is the coastal geomorphology of Ramsar - Tonkaban area evaluated in environmental management? 1-3- Research objectives - Identifying the forms and processes of the coastal geomorphology of Ramsar - Tonkaban area - Preparing the zoning form of the studied area with an emphasis on geomorphological assessment. 1-4- Hypothesis. It is concluded that the investigation and evaluation of coastal geomorphological factors can be effective in planning and development infrastructure in the study area. 1-5-Limitations of the research The most important problems and limitations of this research are: Lack of sufficient scientific resources related to the study area Lack of cooperation of government organizations and centers in the field of providing information. Chapter 2 Literature review Research

and research background

2-1-Geomorphology

Geomorphology is a word that has Greek roots and means knowing the shape of the earth. In fact, this science explains about the geometric shapes of the earth's surface and how they arise and the changes of these shapes in different contexts, and in this direction, it uses the concepts of various laws and knowledge. A long time has not passed since it was formulated as a law-based knowledge independent of other sciences, of course, it is not possible to make a pure separation between science and knowledge, and today the explanation of laws and theories depends on establishing the relationship between different sciences.