Analyzing the problems and infrastructural problems of the metropolis of Rasht and its effects and consequences on urban development (a case study of Shib)

Dissertation for M.A.

Field: Geography and Urban Planning

Abstract:

Nowadays, with the expansion of cities and the growth of the pace of urbanization, as well as the increase of problems and dilemmas caused by this process and the importance of finding integrated management and balanced, comprehensive and sustainable development of the city, the discussion of improving the existing urban infrastructure has become stronger. A city as an important and vital artery is of particular importance.

The important issue in this research is the answer to the question that the infrastructural problems and problems of the metropolis of Rasht due to the low general slope in the town have effects and consequences on urban development. The results of the research showed that the main cause of flooding in the city of Rasht is the influx of stray surface water caused by heavy rains from the Sepidroud land to the back of the Six Telecommunication Center, Bahnar Quay, Jamaran Quay, Maaloulin Quay, Jirdeh Road, Hamidian Quay, Saf Sar Quay and so on. and with the rise of the water level of Zarjoub, Goharroud rivers and the drainage canals on the outskirts of the city (the sewage discharge points of Rasht city), the outlet of the pipes go under water and reduce the discharge of surface water, and due to the low slope of the land, many parts of the city are flooded. On the other hand, extensive constructions in the city, which by introducing construction debris, concrete seepage, as well as the use of heavy machinery, cause blockage and destruction of sewer networks and create a crisis in times of heavy rains.

Urban roads as well as urban water and sewage channels due to the passage of time and lack of attention to their reconstruction and dredging suffer physical and ecological destruction and consequently decrease in performance. Also because the task of collecting surface water and Urban sewage in Rasht is traditionally handled by a single network, the discussion of separating the urban sewage network and surface water from each other has gained double importance.

Key words: urban roads, urban sewage, flooding, heavy rains, the city of Rasht

Introduction

The principles of establishment and emergence of a city are more than anything else. Environmental conditions and geographical location, because natural effects and phenomena have a decisive effect on location, dispersion, sphere of influence, physical development, city infrastructure and the like, and sometimes act as a positive factor and sometimes act as a negative and inhibiting factor. During the construction of cities, the dynamism of the natural environment such as flood, earthquake, wind, fault should be considered. Pay enough attention, otherwise the city will face problems in the future. Therefore, before bitter, painful and expensive accidents occur, the officials should have the necessary concern and feel responsible for predicting the occurrence of accidental events during the construction of cities, and in addition to giving importance to the city's infrastructure studies, leave the work to specialists. Of course, it goes without saying that in addition to infrastructural studies, other geographical studies are also extremely important in the location of cities and urban planning, and neglecting them will cause irreparable damages in the future.

In the past, our ancestors relied more on experience in the location of cities, which was often not in sync with modern science, but today, the simple life of that time has turned into a complex urban life, and people live in advanced and industrial cities with sewage systems, subways, skyscrapers, etc. have become familiar In ancient times, if a place was far from the reach of floods, or had a sheltered position, or had a location in Souq al-Jishi, it overshadowed or was neglected other effective factors in choosing the location of the city; But in the new era, urban infrastructure is very important for officials and people, and if it is neglected, it will result in irreparable damages.

Roads are considered as the main pillars of a city, in fact, the movement of the residents of a city depends on the road network of that city (which serves public and semi-public transportation and other modes). In addition to city passages that include freeways, highways, streets, sidewalks; The network of surface water and sewage inside the cities is of special importance.. Surface water management networks are generally used with the purpose of providing benefits to mankind and in order to supply the water needed by cities, collect and discharge urban and industrial wastewater, discharge runoff and reduce damages caused by floods.

Urban roads as well as urban water and sewerage channels due to the passage of time and lack of attention to reconstruction and dredging, they suffer physical destruction and also decrease in performance due to the physical and ecological destruction that has occurred in them.

Chapter One

General Research

1-1. Statement of the problem

Metropolitan area is the newest phenomenon and spatial form of human settlement, so that some prominent experts of urban and regional sciences have considered it as the fourth type of settlement. This phenomenon is the result of the forces and processes that concentrate wealth, power, population and human activities in the central city - the metropolis and then distribute this concentration in the spatial distribution - Its physical surroundings are the metropolitan area. This is the reason why the extraordinary internal diversity and complexity in both spatial-physical and functional aspects is considered the inherent characteristic of such areas. The aforementioned diversity and inherent complexity can be considered the main root of the "problem of managing metropolitan areas", a common problem in all such areas. The theoretical and practical way of dealing with this issue is what has caused metropolitan areas to play a dual role in different societies today: the engine and factor of development in some societies (advanced countries) and the factor of inefficiency of the development process and consumer of resources in developing societies.

Urban government shows the traditional approach to urban and metropolitan management and focuses more on the relations of the central government with municipalities and official institutions and emphasizes on vertical relations between official institutions. But governance is a different form of government, which focuses on the relations between civil society and the government, legislators with the audience of the law, and finally the government with the governed. In this approach, it is assumed that the main strategy to overcome disparity, instability and inefficiency in the structure of power and management, as well as the physical-spatial structure of metropolitan areas, is the gathering and integration of these scattered and disparate elements in the institutional and comprehensive framework emanating from the model of urban governance. The practical formation of metropolitan areas in Iran and the emergence of metropolitan problems as a result have caused a serious discussion of how to manage this area in recent years. Although a special institutional framework for managing these areas has not yet been formed, it can be said that the prevailing and practically common views and methods in this area can be evaluated in the framework of the urban governance model and completely inconsistent with the urban governance approach. In the metropolis of Rasht, the existence of infrastructure problems has been a major obstacle in the way of urban development, these problems include the narrowness of the passages and the low capacity of the streets to pass with a high density of cars, the lack of construction of underpasses and pedestrian bridges in Most of the streets and intersections, the disorder of the sidewalks and the problem of pedestrian traffic, the lack of a new beltway, the high level of underground water, the lack of capacity of the municipal sewage system and its ineffectiveness to collect sewage and surface water during rains, many violations in the municipality regarding the non-compliance of privacy and construction in violation of the building permit along with the mismanagement of the municipality, the lack of coordination between the municipality and other organizations under the authority of urban management and so on. The existence of these problems causes waste of resources and funds and requires proper planning.

1-2. The main research question (research problem)

What are the effects and consequences of the infrastructural problems of Rasht metropolis on urban development?

1-3. Research objectives

1. Understanding infrastructure problems

2. Providing solutions to solve problems

3. Examining the consequences of existing problems and problems in Rasht metropolis

1-4. Research hypotheses

1. It seems that infrastructural problems and problems hinder the development of Rasht city.

2. It seems that infrastructural problems and problems increase the cost of urban projects and prevent their implementation.

1-5. Practical purpose

This research in organizations such as:

1. Gilan Governorate (deputy for construction)

2. Gilan Governorate (Crisis and Unforeseen Accident Headquarters)

3.