Analysis of the environmental quality of the rural areas of Kochsefahan district with an emphasis on the collection of solid waste

Master's thesis in the field of geography and rural planning

Abstract

The increase in population, the growth and development of urban and rural communities have all caused the amount of solid waste production to increase, and today this issue has become one of the problems of mankind, which has put both his health and the environment at risk. This research was conducted in order to investigate and analyze the most important sources of waste production and the environmental effects of the way of collecting and disposing of waste in the rural areas of Koch Sefahan. The study area of ??the research consists of the villages of Koch Sefahan district. Kochsafhan district has 45 villages, according to the total number of rural households, 371 questionnaires were prepared and completed and studied using quota sampling based on the population distribution of the villages. The information collected based on the desired questionnaires and field observations has been analyzed and concluded based on statistical and qualitative analysis methods. The results showed that the distance and proximity from the city and the economic activities of the village people have an effect on the type of waste consumed and how they are managed and collected, and have caused environmental problems in the environment of the studied villages. Due to the lack of proper planning, the lack of facilities and their inappropriateness, and the accumulation of waste solids, including household waste, in the village or its surroundings, the environment of the village has become more polluted day by day, which has had many negative effects on the health of the people of the village, on the health of the water of rivers and underground aquifers, on the soil and the health of agricultural products, and on the air of the village. According to the results, it is necessary to make fundamental changes in the way of collecting waste materials in the villages in order to prevent the increase in the environmental effects caused by the mentioned cases in the future.

Key words: environment, garbage, garbage collection, Kochsefahan

Today, protecting the environment is considered one of the most important pillars of human rights, and the environment must be preserved not only for today's generation, but also for future generations. Accumulated production of solid waste and rural waste due to the increase in population and change in consumption patterns in urban and rural communities has caused environmental pollution and as a result endangering the health and hygiene of people in the community. This issue is more important in rural communities because the village enjoys a clean environment. Unfortunately, despite our knowledge and awareness of the scientific laws and relationships in nature, the process of destruction and indiscriminate exploitation of environmental resources is much more than the solutions that have been devised to prevent it. will be All human activities have an effect on the environment, so damaging any part of it will face a serious threat to the entire life cycle. Due to the impact of these measures, environmental challenges in the current era have turned from a personal and regional issue into a global issue.

The continuation and spread of environmental crises has led to the need to reconsider the way humans function and the way mankind views nature and its relationship with the flow of development, growth and progress. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made all over the world to make the best use of nature and to systematize and legalize the relationship between man and the environment, and in this regard, research related to the preservation of the environment has been started. Life is expanding. Obviously, the environment of rural areas is one of the basic issues that requires special attention in the design of national and regional programs. Because rural management and planning to achieve sustainable development can be comprehensive and achieve its real goals when all the aspects and problems faced by the villagers are comprehensively examined, a small example of these environmental issues and problems is the collection of rural waste. The environment of Gilan province (especially Kochsafhan section of Rasht city) has been prepared and compiled in 5 chapters.In the first chapter generalities and basic concepts, in the second chapter the theoretical foundations and theory of environmental pollution and solid waste collection, literature and research background, in the third chapter the research implementation method and materials and methods and features of the natural and human geography of the research field and in the fourth chapter the analytical and statistical results of the problems in the villages of Kochsefahan district of Rasht with an emphasis on waste collection as well as the examination of the hypotheses raised in the research are presented and at the end in the fifth chapter regarding the collection of materials and the proposed solutions for the exit Actions have been taken to improve the existing situation and prevent further destruction of the environment.

This thesis consists of 15 diagrams, 13 geographical maps and 29 Persian sources and is presented to the readers in 94 pages. Today, protecting the environment is one of the most important pillars of human rights. One of the basic measures in this field, solid waste management, is to know the exact amount and type of such waste materials (Omrani, 1383, pp. 7-31). The importance of this issue will be doubled due to the many changes in the lifestyle and variety of consumption of villagers and as a result of the increase and change in the increasing trend of the quantity and quality of waste in the country's villages (Abdoli, 2014, pp. 8-53). It seems that due to population growth and changing consumption patterns, environmental issues and challenges have been raised as a concern in rural areas, and the need to organize them is also felt. In this regard, the scientific awareness of the reduction of land resources made the experts to put the issue of waste production sources and its disposal through the recycling of solid waste materials in a newer form at the top of their plans. Planning for the proper management of rural solid waste in the country requires correct information, and on the other hand, neglecting and not knowing about the existence of such waste materials also leads to adverse health consequences and adverse environmental effects such as soil, water and air pollution (Omrani, 2013, pp. 7-31). In this way, by knowing the sources of waste production in different regions and knowing which region produces the most waste, it is possible to help waste recycling. It seems that the increase in population, extreme consumerism, the increasing amount of waste production, the incorrect locations of waste disposal, the creation of various diseases due to the lack of sanitary disposal of rural waste, groundwater pollution, various sources of waste production in villages, environmental pollution and so on. Among the problems caused by its lack of proper management in rural areas. Considering the problem expressed in connection with the environmental hazards caused by waste production and the way of collecting it, and the great importance of this in rural areas, as well as the lack of attention paid to this issue in rural areas, I decided to present a research entitled analysis of the environmental quality of rural areas of Koch Sefahan district with an emphasis on waste collection. The purpose of this research is to identify, investigate, and analyze the sources of waste production in the villages of Kochsefahan district, as well as the manner of collection and its impact on the rural environment.

1-3 basic hypotheses of the research:

1- It seems that with the distance and proximity from the city, the manner of waste management and their collection also changes in the villages.

2- It is believed that there is a relationship between economic activities and population changes in the villages of the district with the type and amount of waste produced.

1-4 basic research questions:

This research, in addition to examining the strengths and weaknesses of environmental capabilities existing in Koch Safahan section is looking for an appropriate answer to the following basic questions.

Is there a management system for the collection of rural waste?

How does the distance of villages from the city affect the correct implementation of the rural waste collection plan and improving the quality of the village environment?

Do the economic activities of the villagers and the changes in the population of the village affect the way waste is collected and disposed of and of course the quality of the village environment?

1-5 The method of conducting the research:

The research method of this analysis is a descriptive analysis that was carried out in the villages located in Kochsefahan district.