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  3. Analysis of young people's environmental perception of ecotourism (case study of high school students in Miandrod city)

Analysis of young people's environmental perception of ecotourism (case study of high school students in Miandrod city)

Number of pages: 137 File Format: word File Code: 30432
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Geography - Urban Planning
Tags/Keywords: Development of ecotourism - ecotourism - Environment - Environmental perception - Environmental perception analysis - tourism - tourism - Tourism development - Tourism planning
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  • Summary of Analysis of young people's environmental perception of ecotourism (case study of high school students in Miandrod city)

    Master's Thesis: Tourism Planning-Ecotourism

    Abstract:

    Since the 1990s, the traditional approaches to tourism development have been challenged, and with simultaneous emphasis on the positive and negative consequences of tourism, the movement from mass tourism to the approach of sustainable tourism development began. The approach to ecotourism, as a spatial model of tourism in nature, has received a lot of attention today. The reason for this attention is not only for tourism and enjoying it, but also as a means of environmental protection and economic development. In this view, ecotourism is primarily concerned with environmental considerations and the concept of sustainable development, and nature tourism is second in importance. Ecotourism activities in the host community lead to positive and negative environmental, economic, social and cultural effects. Before tourism is an economic activity, it is a cultural relationship consisting of elements: tourist, host society or those who are exposed and the platform. Tourism and ecotourism significantly depends on the goodwill of the host community, and its support is essential in the development and successful operation of tourism and ecotourism. One of the oldest topics of geography in relation to human relationships in the environment is understanding human response to environmental changes. In all cultures, environmental perceptions play a fundamental role in personal decisions. Mazandaran province is one of the top provinces of the country in terms of natural and geographical location in the field of nature tourism. Considering the geographical features and nature tourism of Miandrod city, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the perception and imagination of young people about ecotourism. The subject of study is the middle school students of Miandrod city in Mazandaran province, 275 students were randomly selected based on Cochran's formula in different fields. The results of inferential statistical tests indicate the existence of a significant relationship between personal and phenomenal environments in the young people's perception of ecotourism. It also shows the impact of the phenomenal environment in the young people's perception of ecotourism.

    Key words:

    tourism, ecotourism, environmental perception, youth, Miandvard city

    Introduction

    One of the sectors in the tourism industry that has attracted the attention of tourists and tourists is the ecotourism industry. The development of ecotourism can bring countless economic benefits directly to the native people of countries by creating job opportunities. Also, ecotourism is one of the foundations of sustainable development of communities and a way to preserve landscapes and natural reserves. The growth of the tourism industry in the world is estimated at about 4% annually. Meanwhile, ecotourism trips have grown by 30%, and this is a sign of increasing attention to ecotourism (Taghavi et al., 1391: 151). The approach to ecotourism as a spatial model of tourism in nature has received a lot of attention today. Ecotourism is going to affect many geographical spaces in the 21st century and create a new spatial pattern in different areas (Jalalpour, 2011: 4). From the 1930s, the school of possibilityism or free will was presented, emphasizing that man as an active and free agent can exploit the environment by establishing his own adaptations to it. The connection of this science with human geography can be seen from the fact that human geography is about the importance of people's perception, creativity, thinking and opinions, which affects the formulation of their views on the environment and as a result of the relationship between humans and the environment (Pour Ahmad, 2019: 162). In behavioral geography, in addition to being the scene of economic, historical, and social functions, the whole place is also a psychological space. This space has its own identity, structure and meaning, which changes according to individual requirements and characteristics (age, gender, time of residence, place of residence, work, or social and economic bases) and according to life conditions (perception of space and culture and level of awareness of the individual) (Pour Ahmed, 1389: 164). Since tourism focuses on travel and movement of people, goods and services over time and space. It is mainly considered a geographical phenomenon, and therefore the geographical perspective can help to explain tourism in different ways (Williams, 2018: 21).According to the definitions of the World Tourism Organization and related organizations in relation to the definition of the concept of ecotourism, the main motivation of tourists is to observe nature and understand its real values, and in that tourist as well as local communities participate in environmental protection (Niyazmand, 2018: 23). Until now, during the past few decades, several studies have been conducted in the field of measuring the views and perceptions of the residents towards tourism in the host society (Aliqlizadeh, 2016: 34). Because by teaching geography courses and related courses in the schools of Miandrod city, I gained a relative knowledge of the behavioral characteristics and characteristics of young people, especially students. Also, on the other hand, in this city, potential natural places for tourism such as: summer and forest areas, places There are protected areas and a forested beach that seems somewhat untouched and cozy. Also, so far, little research has been done on the tourist attractions of this city, and the ecotourism benefits have not been done comprehensively. Therefore, with the guidance of Dr. Brimani and Dr. Ramzanzadeh, in this research, using the theory of behavioral geographers, an attempt has been made to analyze and define the perception and mental impressions of young people as the host community and as tourists about ecotourism. On the other hand, we have identified the potential tourism capabilities of this city. This research is in five chapters. In the first chapter, the general discussion about the statement of the problem and questions and the necessity and importance of the discussion, and in the continuation of the research assumptions and the background of the research, that is, the review of the research done in connection with the subject, as well as the problems and limitations of this research are stated. In the following, the theoretical foundations of the research are discussed and finally, using the theoretical and experimental framework of the research, the conceptual model of this research is presented. In the third chapter, the methodological topics of this research, the research techniques and tools are presented, and in the following, the geographical features and tourism and nature tourism attractions of the study (Miandorud city) are presented. In the fourth chapter, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used as well as statistical tests of the findings. The research is presented by tables and diagrams. In the fifth chapter, inferential statistical tests are used to reject or confirm the research hypotheses, and then discussion and conclusions are presented, and at the end, the suggestions of this research are presented. Undoubtedly, this research has many shortcomings. It is hoped that other researchers and students will complete these topics or explore this issue and related issues from other angles.

    At the end, I would like to express my special thanks and appreciation to all those who have helped me in carrying out this research:

    Mr. Navayan Bakhshdar Gharbaran and Mr. Jalali from the staff of Gharbaran District, Mr. Saeedi and Akhrati, Ismaili, the officials of Dasht Naz Wildlife Sanctuary. Mr. Mir Hadi Mousavi, a sitting employee of Darabkala Forest, Mr. Dabaghian Dehiar Darabkala, Mr. Honar Bakhsh, Jamkhane Council, also from the following organizations:

    -Education and Education of Miandorud City

    Gharbaran District

    Mazandaran Environmental Organization and Dasht Naz Wildlife Sanctuary

    -Mazandaran and Sari Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization

    Dehiari of Darabkala village

    Islamic council of Jamkhane village

    Mazandaran Meteorological Organization

    Directors of secondary schools for girls and boys of Miandrod city

    And all the people and organizations whose names may have been forgotten.

    Chapter 1

    Overview of the research

    1- Statement of the problem

    Ecotourism It is a new trend in the tourism industry. The beautiful scenery of nature is one of the tourist attractions of this type of tourism. Therefore, giving importance to its role in protecting the environment is essential for sustainable development. Ecotourists who travel to the natural and pristine areas of the planet with their own motivations gain useful experiences. By acquiring knowledge about the cultural and environmental dimensions of the nature of each region and country, they join the conservationists and lovers of nature (Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization, 1385: 1).

  • Contents & References of Analysis of young people's environmental perception of ecotourism (case study of high school students in Miandrod city)

    List:

    Abstract:

    Introduction. 1

    Chapter One: Generalities

    1-1-Statement of the problem. 5

    1-2-Research objectives. 7

    1-3-The importance and necessity of research. 7

    1-4-Research questions: 8

    1-5-Research hypotheses: 8

    1-6-Research background. 9

    1-6-1- Foreign studies. 9

    1-6-2-Internal studies. 11

    7-1 Problems and limitations of the research. 12

    1-8-Result. 12

    Chapter Two: Literature and Theoretical Foundations

    Introduction. 14

    2-1-Research literature. 16

    2-1-1-Background and definitions of ecotourism 16

    2-2-Definition of tourist and eco-tourist. 23

    2-2-1-lone hikers: 24

    2-2-2-nature hikers participating in the tour: 24

    2-2-3-school or scientific groups: 24

    2-3-types of ecotourism. 25

    2-4- Effects of tourism and ecotourism. 27

    2-4- 1-Environmental consequences. 27

    2-4-2-Economic effects. 28

    2-4-3-Social and cultural effects. 29

    2-5 - Theoretical foundations of research. 30

    2-5-1-The concept of perception. 31

    2-5-1-1-Perception in Persian culture. 31

    2-5-1-2-Definitions of perception and knowledge. 31

    2-5-1-3-perception and recognition approaches. 33

    2-5-2-Effective factors in perception. 33

    2-5-2-1-The role of cultural factors in perception. 34

    2-5-2-2-The role of individual differences in perception. 35

    2-6 - Environmental perception. 36

    2-6-1-Effective factors in the perception of the environment. 36

    2-6-2-Theories of environmental perception: 37

    2-6-2-1-Probabilistic activists (Brow Neswick) 37

    2-6-2-2-Attractive feature theory (Berlin) 37

    2-6-2-3-Brofenbrenner's ecological theory 37

    2-6-2-4-Gibson's theory of ecological psychology: 38

    2-6-2-5-Gestalt school. 38

    2-6-2-6-theory of behavioral geographers. 38

    2-7- Analytical model of research. 41

    2-8-Result: 42

    Chapter Three: Method of identifying and introducing the field of research

    Introduction. 44

    3-1-Methodology. 44

    3-1-1-Research method. 44

    3-1-2-Data collection technique 44

    3-1-3-Statistical community. 44

    3-1-4- sample size. 45

    3-1-5-sampling method. 45

    3-1-6-reliability and validity of the questionnaire. 45

    3-1-7-Methods of data analysis 46

    3-2-Defining concepts and measuring variables 47

    3-2-1-Theoretical concept of biological perception. 47

    3-2-2-operational concept of biological perception: 47

    3-2-3-theoretical concept of economic perception. 47

    3-2-4 - The practical concept of economic perception. 47

    3-2-5 - The theoretical concept of cultural and social perception. 48

    3-2-6- operational concept of social and cultural perception. 48

    3-2-7-Perception of ecotourism. 49

    3-3-Introducing the field of research. 49

    3-3- 1- Geographical location, natural and human characteristics studied. 49

    3-3-2- Demographic characteristics. 52

    3-3-3 employment status. 53

    3-4- Tourism and ecotourism capacities of Mianderod city. 54

    3-4-1- Dasht Naz Wildlife Sanctuary 54

    3-4-2 - Gohar Baran Beach. 55

    3-4-3-village and forest areas. 58

    3-4-3-1-Western mountains (area of ??Darabkala village forest): 58

    3-4-3-2-Eastern mountains (area of ??Jamkhaneh and Asram villages) 59

    3-4-4-Social cultural capacities. 60

    3-5-comfort and accommodation facilities and transportation. 60

    3-6-Capacities of ecotourism of Mianderod city as a system. 61

    3-7-Summary and conclusion. 62

    Chapter Four: Research Findings

    Introduction. 64

    4-1- First part: The appearance of the statistical sample, demographic characteristics. 64

    4-1-1-Gender. 64

    4-1-2-Education of the head of the household 64

    4-1-3-Occupation of the head of the household 65

    4-1-4- Place of residence. 65

    4-1-5-distance from forest and wildlife. 66

    4-1-6-Income of the household head 66

    4-1-7-Student grade point average 67

    4-1-8-Education field. 67

    4-1-9-travel experience. 68

    4-1-10-type of school. 68

    4-2- The second part describes statistics related to students' environmental, economic, cultural and social perception of ecotourism. 68

    4-2-1- Students' environmental perception. 68

    4-2-2-Students' economic perception. 69

    4-2-3- Socio-cultural perception of students. 69

    4-3-Analyzing the results of the t-test to understand the biological component69

    4-3-Analyzing the results of the t-test to understand the environmental, economic, social and cultural component. 73

    4-3-1-Understanding biodiversity. 73

    4-3-2-Perception of pollution. 73

    4-3-3- Perception based on local sources. 74

    4-3-4-environmental perception. 75

    4-3-5-Understanding employment generation. 75

    4-3-6-Understanding income generation. 76

    4-3-7-economic understanding. 77

    4-3-8-Cultural understanding. 78

    4-3-9-Social understanding. 78

    4-3-10- Social and cultural understanding. 79

    4-3-11- Understanding ecotourism. 79

    4-4 - Results of inferential statistics for variables with two groups and more than two independent groups with dependent variables. 80

    4-4-1- Understanding the components of ecotourism with two independent groups. 80

    4-4-1-1 Gender understanding of the biological component of ecotourism. 80

    4-4-1-2-gender understanding of the economic components of ecotourism. 83

    4-4-1-3 - gender understanding of the social and cultural components of ecotourism. 84

    4-4-1-4- Understanding the biological component of ecotourism according to the place of residence. 85

    4-4-1-5- Understanding the economic component of ecotourism according to the place of residence. 86

    4-4-1-6 Understanding the social and cultural component of ecotourism according to the place of residence. 87

    4-4-1- 7-Understanding the biological component of ecotourism according to the type of school of students. 88

    4-4-1 -8- Understanding the economic component of ecotourism according to the type of school of students. 89

    4-4-1-9- Understanding the social and cultural component of ecotourism according to the type of school of the students. 90

    4-4-2- Understanding the components of ecotourism with more than two independent groups. 91

    4-4-2-1- Understanding the components of ecotourism according to the income of the head of the household 91

    4-4-2-2- Understanding the components of ecotourism according to the occupation of the head of the household 92

    4-4-2-3- Understanding the components of ecotourism according to the literacy of the head of the household 93

    4-4-2-4-Understanding the component Ecotourism according to students' travel experience. 94

    4-4-2-5-Understanding the components of ecotourism according to the students' field of study. 95

    4-4-2-6-Understanding the components of ecotourism in terms of the distance between the residence of young people, the jungle and wildlife. 96

    4-4-3-Perception of ecotourism by young people according to the perceptual environment. 97

    4-4-3-1- Perception of youth ecotourism according to personal environment. 97

    4-4-3-2-A perception of youth ecotourism according to the underlying environment 98

    4-4-4- The difference in perception of youth ecotourism. 98

    4-4-4-1- The difference in the perception of ecotourism among young people according to their travel experience. 98

    4-4-4-2- The difference in the perception of ecotourism among young people according to the field of study. 99

    4-4-4-3- The difference in the perception of ecotourism among young people according to their grade point average. 99

    4-4-4-4- The difference in the perception of youth ecotourism according to the distance of the place of residence. 101

    4-4-4-5- The difference in the perception of youth ecotourism according to the occupation of the head of the household 102

    4-4-4-6- The difference in the perception of the youth ecotourism according to the income of the head of the household 103

    4-4-4-7- The difference in the perception of the youth ecotourism according to the literacy of the head of the household 104

    4-5- Summary of the result: 105

    Chapter Five: Testing Hypotheses and Conclusions and Suggestions

    5-1-Introduction: 107

    5-2-Analysis of Hypotheses 107

    5-2-1-First Hypothesis: 107

    5-2-2 Second Hypothesis: 108

    5-2-3 Third Hypothesis: 109

    3-5- Summary and conclusion. 110

    5-4-Suggestions. 112

    Sources and sources: 115

    Source:

    A- Persian sources and sources:

    - Apostelopoulos, Yurkos, Stella, Livadi (1388) Sociology of tourism, translated by Bijan Shafii, Waraste Publications, Rasht

    - Asdalhi Zahra (1390) Advanced Ecotourism Education One of the Fundamental Aspects of Sustainable Development in the Tourism Industry, Conference on Management and Development of Tourism, Challenges and Solutions, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran

    - Smith, Melanie, McLeod, Nicola, Robertson and Margaret Hard (1391) Key Concepts in Tourism Studies, Translated by Jafar Papiri, Semt Publications, Tehran

    - Afarakhte, Hassan (1385). The role of environmental perception in rural underdevelopment, case study: Foman city, geography and development, autumn and winter,

    - Azadi, Saeed (1391).

Analysis of young people's environmental perception of ecotourism (case study of high school students in Miandrod city)
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