Investigating geomorphological limitations in the physical development of Bandar Anzali city

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree

Field: Natural Geography, Major: Geomorphology in Environmental Planning

Abstract

The present research using the descriptive and analytical method and the use of documentary and library methods and field observations to investigate the geomorphological limitations in the physical development of Bandar Anzali city and identify and introduce its damaged areas. has paid; Because the physical development of cities is generally directly related to the natural bed and geomorphological effects. Therefore, according to these goals, the following results were obtained: Anzali port, the second most populous city in Gilan province, with a population of more than 100,000 people, is bounded linearly from the north to the Caspian Sea for about 15 kilometers and from the south to the Anzali wetland, and the waterway that connects the sea and the wetland has divided the city into two eastern (Ghazian) and western (Anzali) parts. The advance of the Caspian Sea water and, as a result, the Anzali Wetland has caused a lot of damage to the city from both sides in the last decade. So that the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture of Iran decided to think of a solution to solve this problem. Finally, it was decided that the 24-meter horizontal line (height above the surface of open water) is considered as the edge of the sea and any construction beyond this figure is prohibited, except for light and temporary facilities. Based on this resolution, it was decided to build the city's vital infrastructure facilities above -22 meters and allow residential uses and other related services to be built up to -24 meters. Based on this, about 50% of the area of ??Bandar Anzali city is considered unsafe and nearly 29 thousand people living there should be moved to safe places. The limits of the city's development are in the north of the Caspian Sea and in the south of the Anzali Wetland and the lowlands and water bodies that do not provide any possibility for development. In addition, the rise of the sea level during the past years has destroyed or threatened a major part of the city. Based on this, it seems that the most suitable lands for the development of the city in order to have safe height codes (number above -24 meters) are in the eastern direction, i.e. along the Anzali road to Rasht, and in the western direction, i.e. around the communication axis between Anzali and Astara. But this possibility will bring its own consequences due to the more linearization of the city fabric and will increase the costs of the city's infrastructure services. Therefore, the above areas cannot be used. The most appropriate way to accommodate the population and provide the required service spaces is to use the empty city tissues and existing land and to increase the building and population densities in the existing tissues. Therefore, the most important geomorphological limitations in Anzali city are two natural factors, Anzali Marsh and Caspian Sea, both of which are very effective in the development of Anzali city. Of course, the changes in coastlines and geomorphological forms created in these areas have also caused the lack of physical development of this city.

Key words: limitation, geomorphology, physical development, Bandar Anzali city

Introduction

The city of Bandar Anzali is bounded from two geographical directions (from the north by the sea and from the south by the Bandar Anzali wetland), for its physical development, it inevitably moves towards It moves in the east and west directions around itself. During this process, in the last half century, four villages from the immediate outskirts of the city have become victims of the spatial development of the city and have been integrated into it. The high population density of Bandar Anzali city and its lack of land have led to the physical development of the city, which creates changes in the land around the city. These developments have led to changes in the use of rural and agricultural lands and gradually a large area of ??land has been allocated to constructions. As the only urban point in the city, the city of Bandar Anzali has become a center of attraction for the immigrant population, and this process has faced the city with an increase in population and a decrease in land during the last century. Villages such as Susar Nuvir and Waqar in 1365 and the villages of Shalor Kollivar in 1375 were integrated into it during the city's creeping process. Also, the villages of Bashman and Talebabad, which are located on the immediate outskirts of the city, are not exempted from this rule and have been attacked by the construction of the city and have become the settlement of its population. In this way, the land area of ??the villages has been reduced and by turning into urban structures, they have been integrated into the urban area. In fact, with its horizontal growth, the city moves towards the peripheral villages and dissolves the rural lands in itself, and with the passage of time, the villages are completely covered by the city.In fact, with its horizontal growth, the city moves towards the peripheral villages and dissolves the rural lands in itself, and with the passage of time, the villages are completely swallowed by the city. Population density, lack of land, inevitably lead the city to develop towards the surrounding lands. Therefore, according to the existence of two natural factors, namely the sea and the marsh, and the forms of geomorphology created in the coastal areas, this research investigates the geomorphological limitations in the physical development of Bandar Anzali city, and is divided into the following five chapters:

Chapter One: Research Overview;

Chapter Two: Review of Sources, Research Literature, and Research Background;

Chapter Three: Research Implementation Method, Materials and Methods;

Chapter four: analysis of data and research findings;

Chapter five: evaluation of hypotheses, discussion and conclusions and suggestions.

Abstract

The present research uses descriptive and analytical methods and the use of documentary and library methods and field observations to investigate geomorphological limitations in the physical development of Bandar Anzali city and to identify and introduce areas The victim has paid it; Because the physical development of cities is generally directly related to the natural bed and geomorphological complications. Therefore, according to these goals, the following results were obtained: Anzali port, the second most populous city in Gilan province, with a population of more than 100,000 people, is bounded linearly from the north to the Caspian Sea for about 15 kilometers and from the south to the Anzali wetland, and the waterway that connects the sea and the wetland has divided the city into two eastern (Ghazian) and western (Anzali) parts. The advance of the Caspian Sea water and, as a result, the Anzali Wetland has caused a lot of damage to the city from both sides in the last decade. So that the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture of Iran decided to think of a solution to solve this problem. Finally, it was decided that the 24-meter horizontal line (height above the surface of open water) is considered as the edge of the sea and any construction beyond this figure is prohibited, except for light and temporary facilities. Based on this resolution, it was decided to build the city's vital infrastructure facilities above -22 meters and allow residential uses and other related services to be built up to -24 meters. Based on this, about 50% of the area of ??Bandar Anzali city is considered unsafe and nearly 29 thousand people living there should be moved to safe places. The limits of the city's development are in the north of the Caspian Sea and in the south of the Anzali Wetland and the lowlands and water bodies that do not provide any possibility for development. In addition, the rise of the sea level during the past years has destroyed or threatened a major part of the city. Based on this, it seems that the most suitable lands for the development of the city in order to have safe height codes (number above -24 meters) are in the eastern direction, i.e. along the road from Anzali to Rasht, and in the western direction, i.e. around the communication axis between Anzali and Astara. But this possibility will bring its own consequences due to the more linearization of the city fabric and will increase the costs of the city's infrastructure services. Therefore, the above areas cannot be used. The most appropriate way to accommodate the population and provide the required service spaces is to use the empty city tissues and existing land and to increase the building and population densities in the existing tissues. Therefore, the most important geomorphological limitations in Anzali city are two natural factors, Anzali Marsh and Caspian Sea, both of which are very effective in the development of Anzali city. Of course, the changes in coastlines and geomorphological forms created in these areas have also caused the lack of physical development of this city.

Key words: limitation, geomorphology, physical development, Bandar Anzali city

Introduction

The city of Bandar Anzali, due to being enclosed from two geographical directions (from the north by the sea and from the south by the Bandar Anzali wetland), for its physical development, inevitably moves towards It moves in the east and west directions around itself. During this process, in the last half century, four villages from the immediate outskirts of the city have become victims of the spatial development of the city and have been integrated into it. The high population density of Bandar Anzali city and its lack of land have led to the physical development of the city, which creates changes in the land around the city. These developments have led to changes in the use of rural and agricultural lands, and gradually a large area of ??land has been allocated to constructions. As the only urban point in the city, the city of Bandar Anzali has become the center of attraction for the immigrant population, and this process has faced the city with an increase in population and a decrease in land during the last century.