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  3. Examining the patterns leading to rainfall of more than 100 mm in one day (Anzali-Rasht-Astara stations)

Examining the patterns leading to rainfall of more than 100 mm in one day (Anzali-Rasht-Astara stations)

Number of pages: 152 File Format: word File Code: 30418
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Geography - Urban Planning
Tags/Keywords: Climatic diversity - climatology - Environmental planning - flood - meteorology - Natural geography - Natural hazards - Possible environmental damage - Precipitation patterns - rain - synoptic - Synoptic climatology - the rain
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  • Summary of Examining the patterns leading to rainfall of more than 100 mm in one day (Anzali-Rasht-Astara stations)

    Academic Thesis for Master's Degree

    Field: Natural Geography-Climatology in Environmental Planning

    Abstract

    Rains of more than 100 mm in one day are one of the causes of floods and natural hazards, and knowing how they occur and the extent of their effects helps greatly in reducing possible environmental damage. The present research was conducted in order to identify and investigate the rainfall patterns of more than 100 mm in one day. The scope of this research is limited to three rain gauge stations located in the province. The results of the research showed that: the highest amount of rainfall of more than 100 mm per day has been continuously occurring in Anzali station. Also, by examining the synoptic patterns of forecasting meteorology, it indicates that the occurrence of rainfall is consistent with several patterns.

    In this research, the method is descriptive-analytical, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used for analysis. After examining the synoptic patterns, the results of intensity-duration graphs showed that rainfalls above 100 mm that lead to floods are similar, and rainfalls above 100 mm Meters that did not lead to floods have continued to occur in a shorter period. Synoptic patterns. Intensity - duration of precipitation. West Gilan

    Introduction

    Synoptic climatology explains the changes in air on earth based on the movement and change of pressure patterns on the surface of the earth and upper atmosphere levels and tries to obtain the dominant patterns in the long term. For this reason, its most important application is short-term and long-term forecasts. The primary source of information required for hydrology and synoptic meteorology is weather maps. Each weather map shows the air distribution of a region or region at a moment in time. There are two types of weather maps: 1) Earth surface map that shows the air distribution of the earth's surface. In this type of maps, the height of the stations is converted to sea level, in other words, everywhere on the map, the height above sea level is zero. In this map, among the air elements, only the amount of air pressure is converted to sea level. The size of the rest of the elements expresses the weather conditions at the height of the station. 2) Weather maps of higher levels of the atmosphere that show the weather conditions in different layers of the atmosphere. In these maps, the air pressure is the same at all stations or map points, in other words, each air map is prepared for a uniform pressure level. The height of the pressure level is different in different parts of the map. As a result, the height of the pressure surface in the area of ??the map is shown by the curves of the same height. 

    Synoptic climatology tries to understand the relationship between changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and environmental phenomena and processes. 

    Studies of synoptic hydrology and meteorology in Iran do not have a long life, and researches related to hydrology and meteorology, which lead to heavy rains in Gilan province by synoptic method, are a new issue and seem necessary due to the importance of rainfall in the country and Gilan province.  (Dr. Bahlol Alijani, Synoptic Climatology)

    This research was conducted on rainfall patterns above 100 mm daily in three stations of Rasht, Anzali and Astara during a 20-year period, and a comparison of the graphs related to rainfall above 100 mm leading to floods and rainfall above 100 mm leading to floods shows that the graphs show all the floods that occurred in the autumn season. Continuous occurrences are similar and have several peak points, while the graph of precipitations that are above 100 mm but did not lead to floods are in a shorter period and usually have one peak point. Also, the analysis of the synoptic patterns of these precipitations shows the movement of atmospheric systems and the recognition of air types that follow the precipitation flows of more than 100 mm, it will be possible to recognize these atmospheric conditions with their reappearance based on future data and patterns and from the results It can be used in transportation management and other sectors in rainfall and torrential rains. Chapter 1 Research overview 1-1- problem statement Knowing the rules governing the distribution of precipitation in a place requires knowing the factors affecting it. In other words, the climatic conditions governing each place is the result of a special combination and interaction between the elements and climatic factors located in that place.. In other words, the climatic conditions governing each place is the result of a special combination and interaction between the elements and climatic factors located in that place. In this regard, the investigation and study of the pressure systems governing each area as a factor controlling the weather has priority over other atmospheric elements

    The country of Iran, due to its climatic diversity and special geographical location, being located in the dry belt of the earth and being mountainous, has sensitive conditions, since the economy of Gilan province is dependent on agriculture and especially rice and then tea. Due to its geographic and natural location, especially its proximity to the Caspian Sea and the Alborz Mountains, the province has special weather conditions compared to other regions. The investigation and research on the synoptic patterns of rains above 100 mm per day in this province is of particular importance so that planning can be made according to the occurrence of such rains in relation to its impact. Floods and damage have been severe in Gilan, especially in the city of Rasht and the villages around the rivers. Since this amount of rain usually occurs less in one day, by examining meteorological records, a suitable distribution pattern can be obtained, so that while using this pattern, the amount of damage can be reduced by timely forecasting, and also by improving urban and rural management, in order to solve the problem in order to increase the safety of citizens and prevent damage.

    1-2 - Question Main

    Do rainfalls of more than 100 mm follow a certain pattern?

    1-3- Research hypothesis

    It seems that rainfalls of more than 100 mm per day follow a certain pattern or patterns.

    1-4 - Research objectives

    1- Identify records of rainfalls of more than 100 mm and its impact on human societies and the geographical environment

    2- Identifying the rainfall pattern for forecasting

    3 Providing a solution to reduce the forecast and prevent possible damage

    1-5- Practical purpose

    Considering that the above research is one of the most limited theses done in organizations such as Meteorology, Jihad, Watershed Management, Deputy Civil Affairs Coordination of the Governorate Gilan and the General Directorate of Crisis Management of Gilan Governorate, Rasht Governorate, Astara Governorate, Anzali Governorate and also educational institutions.  

    1-6-1- Information collection method

    The method of information collection is in the form of a library, documents that are mostly used from meteorological sites and related software.

    1-6-2-Information collection tools

    Using slips, tables, maps, charts and statistical software that are useful in this regard Giri has explained and returned the sources and sources as in the explanation presented and has been used.

    According to the thesis, the search for homogenous materials with the subject has been done, based on which books, magazines, and websites have been used, and meteorological maps have been prepared using the internet from the NOAA website and the information received from the provincial meteorological department, and then the necessary investigation has been done. Also, GIS software has been used to prepare a location map.

    1-6-3-Method of information analysis

    To analyze the information, while using appropriate patterns and methods in relation to the desired research, statistical and quantitative methods are used.

     

    1-7-Limitations of the research

    No research is without problems and in fact, the problems of each stage are the key to the next stage, although there are problems and issues. It slows down the work, but it is compensated to some extent by identifying the way to solve it, but an attempt has been made to investigate this problem to some extent, however, some of the problems are as follows: - Lack of consistent and accurate statistics and information related to the subject of research in offices. Research)

    2-1-Precipitation process

    In terms of definition, precipitation is any dense moisture that falls to the earth's surface. Therefore, the condensation process must take place before precipitation. Rain usually falls from all kinds of clouds. But all clouds may not produce rain.

  • Contents & References of Examining the patterns leading to rainfall of more than 100 mm in one day (Anzali-Rasht-Astara stations)

    List:

    Abstract. 1

    Introduction. 2

    The first chapter of the general research

    1- 1- statement of the problem. 4

    1-2 - The main question. 4

    1-3-Research hypothesis. 4

    1-4 - research objectives. 4

    1-5- practical purpose. 5

    1-6- work method. 5

    1-6-1- Information gathering method. 5

    1-6-2-Information gathering tool. 5

    1-6-3-Method of information analysis. 5

    1-7- research limitations. 6

    Chapter Two (review of sources/research literature/research background)

    2-1-Precipitation process. 8

    2-2- Rain. 9

    2-3-Rain. 9

    2-4-types of rains in terms of their origin. 10

    2-4-1-mountain rain. 10

    2-4-2-frontal rain. 10

    2-4-3-cyclonic rain. 10

    2-4-4-convective rain. 10

    2-4-5-convergence rain. 11

    2-5-annual rainfall. 11

    2-6-. Synoptic systems. 11

    2-7-Cyclone. 12

    2-8-wacharkhand or anticyclone. 12

    9-2-Research records. 13

    2-9-1-Research records in Iran. 13

    2-9-2-Research records in the world. 16

    Chapter Three (method of conducting research/materials and methods)

    3-1- Materials. 18

    3-2-The location of the studied stations. 18

    3-3- The scope of the study. 18

    3-4- Work method. 20

    3-4-1-comparative method. 20

    3-4-2-Physical study method. 20

    3-4-3-Synoptic study method. 20

    3-4-4-stages of doing work. 22

    3-4-4-1-first stage. 22

    3-4-4-2- the second stage. 22

    3-4-4-3- the third stage. 22

    3-4-4-4- the fourth step. 22

    3-4-4-5-the fifth step. 23

    3-4-4-6- The sixth stage. 23

    3-4-4-7-Seventh step. 23

    Chapter 4 of data analysis and research findings

    4-1- Investigating rainfall over 100 mm per day in Rasht station. 25

    4-2-Investigation of rainfall above 100 mm per day at Anzali station. 52

    4-3. Astara station. 71

    4- 4 rainfall more than 100 mm daily in three common stations at the same time. 94

    4-5. Interpretation of days of floods and heavy rain in Rasht. 115

    4-6. Interpretation of days of heavy rain and flood in Astara. 117

    4-7 Interpretation of all the graphs of the days of rainfall above 100 mm daily that led to the occurrence of floods

    . 118

    4-8 Interpretation of the graph of the days of rainfall above 100 mm per day that did not lead to flooding. 121

    Chapter 5 discussion, conclusions and suggestions

    5-1. Discussion. 126

    5-2. Conclusion. 126

    5-2-1. Examining patterns and creating rain patterns. 127

    5-3. Hypothesis testing. 128

    5-4. Suggestions. 128

    Sources and sources. 129

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Examining the patterns leading to rainfall of more than 100 mm in one day (Anzali-Rasht-Astara stations)
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